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ChemistryInvestigatoryProjectonCOLD
DRINKS
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chemistryinvestigatoryprojectoncolddrinks,advantagesanddisadvantages.
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ChemistryInvestigatoryProjectonCOLDDRINKS
1.1.KENDRIYAVIDYALAYAMANKHURD,MUMBAIDEPARTMENTOFCHEMISTRY
CERTIFICATEThisistocertifythatR.NAVEEN,astudentofclassXIIAhassuccessfullycompleted
theprojectundertheguidanceofMrs.RITAMOHANTY(SubjectTeacher)Duringtheacademicyear
201415inpartialfulfillmentofchemistrypracticalexaminationconductedbyAISSCE,Mumbai.

SignatureofexternalexaminerSignatureofchemistryteacherSignatureofprinciple
2.2.AIMComparativestudyandqualitativeanalysisOfdifferentbrandsofcolddrinksAvailablein
market
3.3.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTIntheaccomplishmentofthisprojectsuccessfully,manypeoplehave
bestowneduponmetheirblessingsandtheheartpledgedsupport,thistimeIamutilizingtothankall
thepeoplewhohavebeenconcernedwithproject.PrimarilyIwouldthankgodforbeingableto
completethisprojectwithsuccess.ThenIwouldliketothankmyprincipalMrs.A.Padmavathyand
physicsteacherMrs.Ritamohanty,whosevaluableguidancehasbeentheonesthathelpedmepatch
thisprojectandmakeitfullproofsuccesshissuggestionsandhisinstructionshasservedasthemajor
contributortowardsthecompletionoftheproject.ThenIwouldliketothankmyparentsandfriends
whohavehelpedmewiththeirvaluablesuggestionsandguidancehasbeenhelpfulinvariousphases
ofthecompletionoftheproject.
4.4.CONTENTS1.Introduction2.Theory3.Apparatus4.Chemicalsrequired5.DetectionofpH6.
Testforcarbondioxide7.Testforglucose8.Testforphosphate9.Testforalcohol10.Testforsucrose
11.Result12.Conclusion13.Precautions
5.5.INTRODUCTIONTheeraofcolddrinksbeganin1952buttheindustrializationinIndiamarkedits
beginningwithlaunchingofLimcaandGoldspotbyparleyGroupsofcompanies.Since,thebeginning
ofcolddrinkswashighlyprofitableandluring,manyMultinationalcompanieslaunchedtheirbrands
inIndialikePepsiandCoke.Nowdays,itisobservedingeneralthatmajorityofpeopleviewedSprite,
Miranda,andLimcatogivefeelingoflightness,whilePepsiandThumpsUptoactivatepulseand
brain.
6.6.THEORYColddrinksofdifferentbrandsarecomposedofalcohol,carbohydrates,carbondioxide,
phosphateionsetc.Thesesoftdrinksgivefeelingofwarmth,lightnessandhaveatangytastewhichis
likedbyeveryone.Carbondioxideisresponsiblefortheformationoffrothonshakingthebottle.The
carbondioxidegasisdissolvedinwatertoformcarbonicacidwhichisalsoresponsibleforthetangy
taste.Carbohydratesarethenaturallyoccurringorganiccompoundsandaremajorsourceofenergyto
ourbody.GeneralformulaofcarbohydratesisCX(H2O)Y.Onthebasisoftheirmoleculesize
carbohydratesareclassifiedas:Monosaccharide,DisaccharidesandPolysaccharides.Glucoseisa
monosaccharidewithformulaC6H12O6.ItoccursinFree
7.7.Stateintheripengrapesinbonesandalsoinmanysweetfruits.Itisalsopresentinhumanbloodto
theextentofabout0.1%.Sucroseisoneofthemostusefuldisaccharidesinourdailylife.Itiswidely
distributedinnatureinjuices,seedsandalsoinflowersofmanyplants.Themainsourceofsucroseis
sugarcanejuicewhichcontain1520%sucroseandsugarbeetwhichhasabout1017%sucrose.The
molecularformulaofsucroseisC12H22O11.Itisproducedbyamixtureofglucoseandfructose.Itis
nonreducinginnaturewhereasglucoseisreducing.Colddrinksareabitacidicinnatureandtheir
aciditycanbemeasuredbyfindingtheirpHvalue.ThepHvaluesalsodependupontheacidiccontents
suchascitricacidandphosphoricacid.
8.8.APPARATUS1.TestTube2.TestTubeHolder3.TestTubeStand4.Stopwatch5.Beaker6.
Burner7.pHpaper8.TripodStand9.ChinaDish10.WireGauge11.WaterBath
9.9.CHEMICALSREQUIRED1.Iodinesolution2.PotassiumSolution3.FehlingsA&BSolution4.
LimeWater5.ConcentratedHNO36.BenedictSolution
10.10.DETECTIONOFpHEXPERIMENT:smallsamplesofcolddrinksofdifferentbrandsweretaken
inatesttube.ThechangeincolourofpHwasnoticedandwascomparedwiththestandardpHscale.
OBSERVATION:S.noNameofthedrinkColourchangespHvalues1CocaColapink22spriteRed2
3LimcaPinkish44FantaLightorange3INFERENCE:ColdDrinksaregenerallyacidicbecauseof
thepresenceofcitricacidandphosphoricacid.pHvaluesofColdDrinksofdifferentbrandsare
differentduetothevariationinamountofacidiccontents.
11.11.TESTFORCARBONDIOXIDEEXPERIMENT:Assoonasthebottleswereopened,onebyone
thesamplepassedthroughlimewater.Thelimewaterturnedmilky.OBSERVATION:S.noNameof
thedrinkTimeTaken(sec)Conclusion1CocaCola26CO2ispresent2sprite21CO2ispresent3
Limca35CO2ispresent4Fanta36CO2ispresentINFERENCE:Allthecolddrinkscontains
dissolvedcarbondioxideinwater.TheCO2dissolvedinwatertoformCarbonicacid,whichis
responsibleforitstangytaste.Ca(OH)2(s)+CO2(g)CaCO3(s)+H2O(s)
12.12.TESTFORGLUCOSE1.BENEDICTSREAGENTTEST:Smallsamplesofcolddrinksof
differentbrandsweretakeninatesttubeandafewdropsofbeBenedictsreagentwereadded.Thetest
tubeswereheatedforfewseconds.Formationofreddishcolourconfirmedthepresenceofglucosein
colddrinks.OBSERVATION:INFERENCE:Allthesamplesgavepositivetestforglucosewith
benedictsreagent.Henceallthedrinkscontainglucose.S.noNameofthedrinkObservation

Conclusion1CocaColaReddishpptGlucoseispresent2spriteReddishpptGlucoseispresent3
LimcaReddishpptGlucoseispresent4FantaReddishpptGlucoseispresent
13.13.2.FEHLINGSSOLUTIONTESTSmallsamplesofcolddrinksofdifferentbrandsweretakenin
atesttubeandafewdropsofFehlingsA&Bsolutione=wasaddedinequalamount.Thetesttube
washeatedinawaterbathfor10minutes.Appearanceofbrownpptconfirmedthepresenceofglucose
incolddrinks.OBSERVATION:INFERENCE:Allthesamplesgavepositivetestforglucosewith
Fehlingssolutions.Henceallthecolddrinkscontainglucose.TESTFORALCOHOLS.noNameof
thedrinkObservationConclusion1CocaColaReddishbrownpptGlucoseispresent2spriteReddish
brownpptGlucoseispresent3LimcaReddishbrownpptGlucoseispresent4FantaReddishbrown
pptGlucoseispresent
14.14.EXPERIMENT:Smallsamplesofeachbrandofcolddrinksweretakeninseparatetesttubesand
IodinefollowedbyPotassiumIodideandSodiumHydroxide(NaOH)solutionwasaddedtoeachtest
tube.Thenthetesttubeswereheatedinhotwaterbathfor30minutes.Appearanceofyellowcolored
precipitateconfirmedthepresenceofalcoholincolddrinks.OBSERVATION:INFERENCE:Allthe
colddrinksgavepositivetestforalcohol.Henceallthecolddrinkscontainglucose.CHEMICAL
REACTIONSINVLOVED:CH3CH2OH+4I2+6NaOHCHI3+HCOONa+5NaI+5H2O
S.noNameofthedrinkObservationConclusion1CocaColaYellowpptAlcoholispresent2sprite
YellowpptAlcoholispresent3LimcaYellowpptAlcoholispresent4FantaYellowpptAlcoholis
present
15.15.TESTFORSUCROSEEXPERIMENT:5mlsamplesofeachbrandofcolddrinksweretakenin
separatechinaDishesandwereheatedverystronglyuntilchangesoccur.Blackcoloredresidueleft
confirmedthepresenceofsucroseincolddrinks.OBSERVATION:INFERENCE:Allthebrandsof
colddrinkscontainsucrose.Butamountofsucrosevariesineachbrandofdrink.Fantacontains
highestamountofsucrose.S.noNameofthedrinkObservationConclusion1CocaColaBlack
ResidueSucroseispresent2SpriteBlackResidueSucroseispresent3LimcaBlackResidueSucrose
ispresent4FantaBlackResidueSucroseispresent
16.16.RESULTAfterconductingseveraltests,itwasconcludedthatthedifferentbrandsofcolddrinks
namely:CocaCola1)Sprite2)Limca3)FantaAllcontainsglucose,alcohol,sucrose,phosphateand
carbondioxide.Allcolddrinksareacidicinnature.OncomparingthepHvalueofdifferentbrands
CocaColaisthemostacidicandLimcaisleastacidicofallthefourbrandstaken.CARBON
DIOXIDE:Amongthefoursamplesofcolddrinkstaken,Spritehasthemaximumamountofdissolved
carbondioxideandFantahastheminimumamountofdissolvedcarbondioxide.
17.17.DISADVANTAGESOFCOLDDRINKS1.Softdrinksarelittlemoreharmfulthansugarsolution.
Astheycontainsugarinlargeamountwhichcauseproblemsindiabetespatients.2.Softdrinkscan
causeweightgainastheyinterferewiththebodysnaturalabilitytosuppresshungerfeeling.3.Soft
drinkshaveabilitytodissolvethecalciumsotheyarealsoharmfulforourbones.4.Softdrinks
containphosphoricacidwhichhasapHof2.8.Sotheycandissolveanailinabout4days.5.For
transportationofsoftdrinkssyrupthecommercialtruckmustusethehazardousmatterplacecards
reservedforhighlyconsivematerial.6.Softdrinkshavealsoabilitytoremovebloodsotheyarevery
harmfultoourbody.7.Obesityandweightrelateddiseases.
18.18.8.Hypokalemia(lowpotassiumlevels)diseases.Mostsoftdrinkscontainhighconcentrationof
simplecarbohydratesglucose,fructose,sucroseandothersimplesugars.Oralbacteriaferment
carbohydratesandproduceacid,whichdissolvestoothenamelduringthedentaldecayprocessthus,
sweeteneddrinksarelikelytoincreaseriskofdentalcaries.Theriskisgreaterifthefrequencyof
consumptionishigh.USESOFCOLDDRINKS1.Theycanremoverustspotsfromchromecar
Humpers.2.Theycanlosearustedbolt.3.Inmanystates,thehighwaypatrolcarriesafewgallonsof
SoftDrinksinordertoremovebloodfromthehighwayafterautoaccidents.4.PlaceaTbonesteakin
abowlofSoftDrinksanditwillbegonein23days.Themeatis
19.19.consumedbytheacidofthecola.5.ToiletCleaning:PouracanofSoftDrinksintothetoiletbowl
andletthe"realthing"sitforonehour,thenflush.Itmagicallycleansbetterthanifyouhadscrubbed
it.ThecitricacidinSoftDrinksalsoremovesstainsfromvitreouschina.6.Cleancorrosionfromcar
batteryterminals:PourSoftDrinksovertheterminalsandtheultraacidsoftdrinkbubbleawaythe
alkalinecorrosioninseconds.7.Removegreasefromclothes:EmptyacanofSoftDrinksintoaload
ofgreasyclothes,adddetergent,andrunthrougharegularcycle.TheSoftDrinkswillhelploosen
greasestains.Itisalsoanexcellentcleanerroadhazefromyourwindshield.8.Theactiveingredientin
SoftDrinksisphosphoricacid.ItspHis2.8.Itwilldissolveanailinabout4days.9.TotransportSoft
Drinkssyrup(theconcentrate)thecommercialtruckmustusetheHazardousmaterialplacecards
reservedforhighly

20.20.corrosivematerials.10.ThedistributorsofSoftDrinkshavebeenusingittocleantheenginesof
theirtrucksforabout20years!BIBLIOGRAPHY1.CBSElabmanual.WEBSITES
www.google.comwww.wikipedia.comwww.scribd.com
21.21.PRECAUTIONS Handletheglasswarescarefully. Allowthetimerequiredtoset. Handle
thechemicalswithcare.
22.22.THANKYOU
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