6) Write short notes on:Corporate social responsibility:

Corporate social responsibility (CSR), also known as corporate responsibility,

corporatecitizenship, responsible business, sustainable responsible business (SRB), or
corporate socialperformance, is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a
business model. Ideally,CSR policy would function as a built-in, self-regulating
mechanism whereby business wouldmonitor and ensure its adherence to law, ethical
standards, and international norms. Businesswould embrace responsibility for the
impact of their activities on the environment, consumers,employees, communities,
stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere.
Furthermore, business would proactively promote the public interest by
encouragingcommunity growth and development, and voluntarily eliminating
practices that harm the publicsphere, regardless of legality.
Essentially, CSR is the deliberate inclusion of public interest into corporate decisionmaking,and the honoring of a triple bottom line: People, Planet and Profit.
The practice of CSR is subject to much debate and criticism. Proponents argue that
there is astrong business case for CSR, in that corporations benefit in multiple ways
by operating with aperspective broader and longer than their own immediate, shortterm profits. Critics argue thatCSR distracts from the fundamental economic role of
businesses; others argue that it isnothing more than superficial window-dressing;
others yet argue that it is an attempt to pre-empt the role of governments as a
watchdog over powerful multinational corporations.Corporate Social Responsibility
has been redefined throughout the years. However, itessentially is titled to aid to an
organization's mission as well as a guide to what the companystands for and will
uphold to its consumers.
Business plan:
A business plan is a detailed description of how an organization intends to produce
market andsell a product or service. Whether the business is housing, commercial or
some other enterprise, a good business plan describes to others and to your own board
of directors,management and staff the details of how you intend to operate and expand
your business. A solid business plan describes who you are, what you do, how you
will do it, your capacity todo it, what financial resources are necessary to carry it out,
and how you intend to securethose resources. A well-written plan will serve as a guide
through the start-up phase of thebusiness. It can also establish benchmarks to measure
the performance of your businessventure in comparison with expectations and
industry standards. And most important, a goodbusiness plan will help to attract
necessary financing by demonstrating the feasibility of your venture and the level of
thought and professionalism you bring to the task. A well-written plan will serve as a
guide through the start-up phase of the business. It can alsoestablish benchmarks to
measure the performance of your business venture in comparisonwith expectations
and industry standards. And most important, a good business plan will helpto attract
necessary financing by demonstrating the feasibility of your venture and the level
of thought and professionalism you bring to the task. A good business plan will help
attractnecessary financing by demonstrating the feasibility of your venture and the
level of thoughtand professionalism you bring to the task. A good business plan serves
the followingpurposes:


Revenue Generation
Your organization may hope to create a business that will generatesufficient net
income or profit to finance other programs, activities or services provided by
your organization.

Employment Creation
A new business venture may create job opportunities for communityresidents or the
constituency served by your organization.

Neighborhood Development Strategy

A new business venture might serve as an anchor toa deteriorating neighborhood
commercial area, attract additional businesses to the area and filla gap in existing
retail services. You may need to find a use for a vacant commercial propertythat
blights a strategic area of your neighborhood. Or your business might focus on
therehabilitation of dilapidated single family homes in the community.

Establish GoalsOnce you have identified goals for a new business venture, the next step inthe
business planning process is to identify and select the right business. Many
organizationsmay find themselves starting at this point in the process. Business
opportunities may havebeen dropped at your doorstep. Depending on the goals you
have set, you might take severalapproaches to identify potential business
opportunities.

Local Market StudyWhether your goal is to revitalize or fill space in a neighborhoodcommercial district
or to rehabilitate vacant housing stock; you should conduct a local marketstudy. A
good market study will measure the level of existing goods and services provided
inthe area, and assess the capacity of the area to support existing and additional
commercial or home-ownership activity. A bad or insufficient market study could
encourage your organizationto pursue a business destined to fail, with potentially
disastrous results for the organization asa whole. Through a market study you will be
able to identify gaps in existing products andservices and unsatisfied demand for
additional or expanded products and services.

Analysis of Local and Regional Industry Trends

- Another method of investigating potentialbusiness opportunities is to research local
and regional business and industry trends. You maybe able to identify which business
or industrial sectors are growing or declining in your city,metropolitan area or region.
The regional or metropolitan area planning agency for your area isa good source of
data on industry trends.

Internal Capacity
- The board, staff or membership of your organization may possessknowledge and
skills in a particular business sector or industry. Your organization may wish todraw
upon this internal expertise in selecting potential business opportunities.

Internal purchasing needs / Collaborative ProcurementPerhaps, the organizationfrequently purchases a particular service or product. If
nearby affiliate organizations also usethis service or product, this may present a
business opportunity. Examples of such products or