OUTLINE - Journal Bearings

Definitions
Lubrication
Viscosity
Petroffs Equation
Sommerfeld Number
Thick Film Lubrication
Design Considerations

Definitions
Journal bearings have lubrication in them
Journal --________________
Bearing --________________
Types of relative motion

Journal

bearing: _______________
Roller bearing: ________________

Types of Lubrication

__________________: relatively thick film

(aka

full-film lubrication or fluid lubrication)

_________________: lubricant introduced

at high pressure (not discussed in 450)
Elastohydrodynamic: surfaces are in
rolling contact (Hertz contact and fluids)
Boundary (thin-film): lubricant is several
molecules thick
Solid-film: used at extreme temperatures

Figure 12-1

Viscosity

Shear stress in lubricant

Absolute or dynamic viscosity is a

measure of the internal friction resistance
of the fluid
Units:

US:

N sec
SI: 1Pa sec = 1
m2
6890reyn = 1Pa sec

Units disclaimer!

ASME has published a list of cgs units

which are not to be used in ASME
documents:
dyne

-- unit of force
poise (P) -- unit of dynamic viscosity
stoke (St) -- unit of kinematic viscosity

Note that these units are used extensively

in the lubrication literature. (Section 12-2)

Petroffs Equation (Eq. 12-6)

Historical method of determining

coefficient of friction, f

Assumption: shaft is concentric -- not a

good assumption for journal bearings
____________________________

Sommerfeld Number, S
Also called the Bearing Characteristic
Number
Dimensionless quantity in Petroffs Eqn,

= journal/shaft radius
c = clearance
N = shaft speed in rev/sec
P = pressure

Thick-Film Lubrication

____ = radial clearance,

difference in radii of the journal
and bearing
____ = eccentricity, distance
between journal center and
bearing center
____ = minimum film thickness,
occurs along a line through the
two centers
___________ = eccentricity
ratio

Partial/Fitted/Full Bearing

Partial bearing:
bearing goes part way
around the journal
Fitted bearing: e = 0
Full bearing: bearing
encloses journal
_______ = angular
length of a partial
bearing

Design Variables and

Considerations

Variables controlled by the application:

Variables controlled by the designer:

Load

per projected bearing area,

Bearing dimensions, r, c, , and l

Dependent Variables
Coefficient of friction,
Temperature rise,
Flow of oil,
Minimum film thickness,
These variables can also be thought of as
performance factors

Design Goal
Define limits for performance factors
Choose design variables so that
performance factors fall within the limits
Raimondi and Boyd developed
relationships among design variables
Text has data for infinitely long bearings
(no side leakage) and = 360 degrees

Raimondi and Boyd Design Plots

Figure 12-12,12-13, 12-14 for viscosity
Figure 12-16 for minimum film thickness ho
Figure 12-18 for friction coefficient, f
Figure 12-19 for lubricant flow Q
Figure 12-20 for lubricant side flow Qside
Figure 12-21 for film pressure pmax
Figure 12-24 for temperature rise T

Problem 12-1

A full journal (=360) has a journal diameter of

1.000 in, with a unilateral tolerance of -0.0015 in.
The bushing bore has a diameter of 1.0015 in
and a unilateral tolerance of +0.003 in.
The l/d ratio is 1, the load is 250 lbf, and the
speed is 1100 RPM
If the average viscosity is 8 reyn, find the
following for the minimum clearance assembly:

minimum film thickness,

power loss, and
side flow

Problem 12-1a
Largest journal diameter d = 1.000 in
Smallest bushing bore diameter = 1.0015 in

cmin =
r=

2
2

1100rev 1 min
N=

=
min 60 sec

Problem 12-1b

Largest journal diameter d = 1.000 in

l
=1 l = d =
d
W
=
P=
ld
2

r N
S =
=
c P

Fig. 12-16

Problem 12-1c

Find minimum film thickness from

Fig. 12-16
ho
=
c
ho =

Fig.
1218

Problem 12-1d

Find friction coefficient f from Fig. 12-18

r
f =
c

f =

Powerloss = Tloss = ( fWr )

Powerloss =

Fig.
12-19

Fig. 12-20

Fig. 12-20

Problem 12-1e

Find flow rate and side flow rate

Q
= ____ Q =
rcNl

Qside
= ___________ Qside =
Q