Name __________________________

Stoichiometry
-2

1. The human body needs at least 1.03 x 10 mol O every minute. If all of this oxygen
2

is used for the cellular respiration reaction that breaks down glucose, how many grams of
glucose does the human body consume each minute?
C H O (s) + 6 O (g) -----> 6 CO (g) + 6 H O(l)
6

12

2. In the space shuttle, the CO that the crew exhales is removed from the air by a
2

reaction within canisters of lithium hydroxide. On average, each astronaut exhales about 20.0
mol of CO daily. What volume of water will be produced when this amount of CO reacts with
2

an excess of LiOH? (Hint: the density of water is about 1000 kg/m .)

3

CO (g) + 2 LiOH(s) ------> Li CO (aq) + H O

2

3. Carbon monoxide can be combined with hydrogen to produce methanol,

CH OH. Methanol is used as an industrial solvent, as a reactant in synthesis, and as a
3

clean-burning fuel for some racing cars. If you had 152.5 kg CO and 24.50 kg H , how
2

many kilograms of CH OH could be produced?

3

4. One step in making para-aminobenzoic acid, PABA, an ingredient in some

suntan lotions, involves replacing one of the hydrogen atoms in a toluene molecule with
an -NO group, directly opposite the -CH group. Calculate the percent yield if 550 g of
2

toluene added to an excess of nitric acid provides 305 g of the nitrotoluene product.

5. A more efficient way to prepare the molecule that was used to produce PABA
for suntan lotions involves a slightly different starting material, known as isopropylbenzene. This reaction usually has a 91.2% yield. How many grams of the product,
para-nitro-isopropylbenzene, can you expect if 775 g of isopropylbenzene react with an
excess of nitric acid?

6. Air-bag design depends on stoichiometric precision.

2 NaN (s) -----> 2 Na(s) + 3 N (g)
3

6 Na(s) + Fe O (s) -----> 3 Na O(s) + 2 Fe

2

Assume that 65100 cm3 of N gas are needed to inflate an air bag to the
2

proper size. How many grams of NaN must be included in the gas generant to
3

generate this amount of N ? (Hint: the density of N gas at this temperature is

about 0.916 kg/m ).
3

How much Fe O must be added to the gas generant for this amount of NaN ?
2

7. Engine efficiency depends on the reactant proportions

gasoline + air -----> carbon dioxide + water + energy
2C H
8

+ 25 O

18(g)

2(g)

-----> 16 CO

2(g)

+ 18 H O
2

(g)

+ 10,900 kJ

How many liters of air must react with 1.000 L of isooctane in order for combustion to
occur completely? At 20 degrees Celcius, the density of isooctane is 0.6916 g/cm 3,
and the density of oxygen is 1.331 kg/m 3. (Hint: remember to use the percentage of
oxygen in air.)

8. Car designers use stoichiometry to control pollution

ultraviolet radiation
NO (g) ------------------------------->
2

NO(g) + O(g)

O (g) + O(g) ----------> O (g)

2