Laplace Transform: Causality, Stability and Differential equations:

1. Causality:
The system with impulse response is causal if: ( )
Consequently, the system with impulse response (L.T)
Half plane.

( ) is causal if the associated ROC is a Right-

For a system with a rational system function, causality of the system is equivalent to the ROC being the
right-Half plane to the right of the rightmost pole.
Example 1: ( )

Example 2: ( )

( )

| |

Example 3: Let the system defined by

Example 4: ( )

( )

Check the causality ???

( ). Check the causality?

2. Stability:
An L.T.I system is stable if and if only the ROC of its system function ( ) includes
Example 1: Check the stability of ( )

where c is a constant.

We have 3 cases:
Case 1: ROC={Re(s)>-1 and Re(s)>+1}

Case 2: ROC={-1 <Re(s)<+1}

Case 3: ROC={Re(s)<-1 and Re(s)<+1}

Note that: A causal system with rational system function ( ) is stable if and only if all of the poles of
( ) lie in the left-half plane of the s-plane. This means that all poles have a negative real-part.

Example 2: Check the stability of the system with Poles ={-2, -1, 1} and Zero={2}.

LTI Systems characterized by linear Constant-Coefficient:

Any LTI with constant-coefficient can be represented by a differential equation of the form:

( )

( )

( )

( )
( )

( ) is the transfer function of the system where ( ) is the output and ( ) is the input to the system.
Example 1: Le the LTI system represented by the following differential equation:
( )

( )

Find the Transfer function H(s) and Check the stability and the causality deduce for each case ( ).

Example 2: Suppose that both the input ( ) and the output y( ) of a given system are known.
( )

( ) and ( )

Find the transfer function

] ( ).

( ) and deduce the differential equation that characterizes the system.