Instructional Materials Fouth Quarter

INFORMATION SHEET 7.
1-1
Obtain and clarify work instructions based on job order or client
requirements
Job Description a written statement of a specific job, based on the findings of a

job analysis. It includes duties, purpose, responsibilities, scope and working
conditions of a job along with the jobs title, and the name or designation of the
person to whom the employee reports.
Components of Job Description:
1. Title/Position a name that describes a persons job in an organization.
2. Job Summary brief, general statement of the more important functions
and responsibilities of a job, usually also identifying the immediate
subordinate and supervisor officer
3. Task the smallest identifiable and essential piece of a job that serves as
a unit of work and as a means of differentiating between the various
components of a project
4. Responsibilities a duty or obligation to satisfactorily perform or
complete a task (assigned by someone or created by ones promise or
circumstances) that one must fulfill, and which has a consequent penalty
for failure.
5. Qualifications capacity, knowledge or skill that matches or suits an
occasion, or makes someone eligible for a duty office, positive, privilege or
status. Fitness for purpose through fulfillment of necessary conditions
such as attainment of a certain age, taking of an oath, completion of
required schooling or training or acquisition of a degree or diploma.
6. Supervision monitoring and regulating of processes or delegated
activities, responsibilities or task.
7. Working Conditions the conditions in which an individual or staff
works, including but not limited to such things as amenities, physical
environment, stress, and noise levels, degree of safety or danger.
8. Benefits indirect and non-cash compensation paid to an employee and
mandated by law.
9. Salary is a fixed amount of money paid to an employee by an employer
in return for work performed.
Work instruction is a tool provided to help someone to do a job correctly.
1. Credible is the heart of standardized best practices. (Workers trust
them)
2. Clear can be quickly understood by the worker with a minimum effort.
(Workers understand them)
1|Page
3. Accessible can be located quickly (within a seconds) and easily

requires a retrieval system that the worker knows, understand and
trusts.
4. Consistent conform to a style guide developed specifically for
procedures and work instructions. Also demand that the material used
for worker training are provided.
Job order is the written authority given a worker or shop to perform certain work.
Parts of Job Order:
1. Customer information details of the customer.
2. Equipment/components specifications these are the detailed
information of the equipment to be repair or diagnose.
3. Delivery Date the date when the customer will get the unit/equipment
being repair.
4. Job Order Number the number of job that has been performed
5. Job to be performed a specified task to be performed
6. Price the amount to be paid after the performance of task
7. Remarks the status of the performed task
Process is a series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular task.
Standard Operating Procedures are the written instructions to document how to
perform a routine activity. To help ensure consistency and quality in their
products.
2|Page
Self- Check 7.1-1
Name :
__________________________________
Score :
______________
Instruction: Answer the following question. Write your answer on the space
provided.
________________ 1. A fixed amount of money paid by the employer to the employee.
________________ 2. Is a tool provided to help someone to do a job correctly?
________________ 3. Is a written authority given a worker or shop to performed
certain work?
________________ 4. Is a written statement of a specific job, based on the findings of
a job analysis?
________________ 5. Is a series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a
particular task?
________________ 6. Are the written instructions instructional to document how to
perform a routine activity?
________________ 7. Monitoring and regulating of processes or delegated activities,
responsibilities or task?
________________ 8. Is the heart of standardized best practices?
________________ 9. The smallest identifiable and essential piece of a job that
serves as a unit of work and as a means of differentiating between the various
components of a project?
3|Page
________________ 10. these are the detailed information of the equipment to be

repair or diagnose.
INFORMATION SHEET 7.1-2

Consult responsible person for effective and proper work coordination
Consulting Personnel:
IT Manager a person in-charge whereby all of the information technology
resources of a firm are managed in accordance with its needs and priorities.
IT Supervisor a person who works with other information technology
management professionals to install, maintain, and upgrade an organizations
technology systems. Oversee a team of IT administrators and support personnel
responsible for the day-today operation of the IT network and system components.
ICT Coordinator a person who is in charge of planning something or of
facilitating the occurrence of events or the collaboration of people.
ICT Teacher a person or thing that teaches computer technology
4|Page
What is a consulting methodology?

Consulting methodologies are methods or approaches used by consultants in
tackling a particular challenge, problem or client engagement.
Characteristics of a consulting methodology
Consulting methodologies typically possess some or all of the following
characteristics:
- Based on a coherent set of design principles, concepts and theories
- Supported by a body of research undertaken either in an academic or
commercial environment
- Enable a particular challenge to be tackled in a structured and systematic
fashion with a high probability of achieving particular beneficial outcomes
- Likely to have been used in similar situations a number of times before
and through use and application the methodology is likely to have been
refined and improved
The value of a methodology
Management consultants benefit greatly from operating by reference to proven
consulting methodologies. A consulting methodology provides a frame of reference,
structure and often a prescribed set of activities and tasks that will be undertaken
in a particular and logical order.
THE 3 TYPES OF CONSULTING APPROACHES
1. CONDESCENDING CONSULTING APPROACH: I KNOW BECAUSE IM THE
EXPERT.
This type of approach is consulting a person who is very expert with his
field of expertise.
2. SUBMISSIVE CONSULTING APPROACH: DOING WHAT IM TOLD.
This type of approach is consulting a person whom he is told to do so.
3. COLLABORATIVE CONSULTING APPROACH:
This type of approach is consulting on the group of people who are
expert and those persons who are identify to be consulted.
Basic Process of consultation:
Phase 1: Making First Contact/Entry
Identifying the person whom you will consult your problem.
Phase 2: Establishing the Relationship

Specifying the desired outcomes, deciding who is going to do what,
agreeing on style, costs, timing and accountability.
Phase 3: Problem Finding
Data gathering and data analysis stage. Here you find out what is,
what should be, what the gap is, and whether or not it is worth
working on.
5|Page
Phase 4: Solution Finding

They will be given assistance in specifying what they want and when
they want it.
Phase 5: Planning the Work/Working the Plan
The problem is planned in terms of who will do what, when, where,
how and with what resources. The plan is then carried out.
Phase 6: Evaluation/Termination
The person and the consultant look back over the project and their
relationship at this step. The consultant then withdraws and terminates the
consulting relationship.
SELF CHECK 7.1-2

Name: _____________________________________
6|Page
Score: _____________
Enumeration: Enumerate the following:

1-4. Who are those personnel to be consulted in the work coordination?
5-10 What are the process of consulting?
What type of consulting approach do you usually use?
What makes up the consulting process?
7|Page
TASK SHEET 7.1-2

Title
Computer Equipment maintenance
Performance Objective
consulting.
Make and complete the process of
Supplies/Materials
Hand-outs
Equipment
PC, printer with ink
Steps/Procedure:
Identify the person to be interview.
Conduct an interview to proper personnel.
Present your work to your teacher.
Assessment Method:
Portfolio Assessment using the Performance Criteria Checklist
8|Page
Performance Criteria Checklist
CRITERIA
Does the student interview the proper personnel regarding
with their work
Does the student apply proper approach to the proper
personnel
Does the student get the problem encounter by the proper
personnel
Does the student acquire a solution from the problem
identified
Does the student acquire what type of approach used by the
personnel in solving the problem
Does the student acquire the plan of work used by the
personnel
Does the student acquire the solution applied
9|Page
Yes
NO
INFORMATION SHEET 7.1.3

Interpreting data sheets based on manufacturers specification
Typical electronics datasheet information
A typical datasheet for an electronic component contains most of the following
information:
Manufacturer's name
Product number and name
List of available package formats (with images) and ordering codes
Notable device properties
Short functional description
Pin connection diagram
Absolute minimum and maximum ratings (supply voltage, power

consumption, input currents, temperatures for storage, operating, soldering,
etc.)
Recommended operating conditions (as absolute minimum and maximum

ratings)
DC specifications (various temperatures, supply voltages, input currents,

etc.)
Maximum power consumption over the whole operating temperature range
AC specifications (various temperatures, supply voltages, frequencies, etc.)
Input/output wave shape diagram
timing diagram
Some characteristics are only given at a specific temperature, typically 25C

(77F)
Physical details showing minimum/typical/maximum dimensions, contact

locations and sizes
Test circuit
10 | P a g e
Ordering codes for differing packages and performance criteria
Liability disclaimer regarding device use in certain environments such as

nuclear power plants and life support systems
Application recommendations, such as required filter capacitors, circuit

board layout, etc.
Application notes
-
a document that gives more specific details on using a component in a

specific application, or relating to a particular process (e.g., the physical
assembly of a product containing the component).
Useful for giving guidance on more unusual uses of a particular component,

which would be irrelevant to many readers of the more widely, read
datasheet.
May either be appended to a datasheet, or presented as a separate

document.
The Most Common Electronic Components
Resistors
Capacitors
LEDs
Transistors
Inductors
Integrated Circuits
Resistor
11 | P a g e
Use to control the voltages and the currents in your circuit.
The resistor is an electronic component that has electrical friction.
Color Interpretation
Capacitor
12 | P a g e
Circuit Interpretation
Capacitor values and markings
13 | P a g e
CAPACITOR SYMBOL
SEMICONDUCTORS
A materials product - usually comprised of silicon - which conducts electricity
more than an insulator but less than a pure conductor, such as copper and
aluminium. Semiconductors are usually very small and complex devices, and can
be found in thousands of products such as computers, cell phones, appliances,
14 | P a g e
and
medical
equipment.
A. Light Emitting Diode (LED) Integrated Circuits are usually drawn as

blocks with leads or as a triangle for operational amplifiers. The Zener
diode (voltage reference diode) is used in the reverse direction at the
point of breakdown.
Some of the diode specifications are: Maximum reverse voltage (V br), rated forward
current (If) , maximum forward voltage drop (V f) and package style. Table 3 gives
some of the most commonly used diodes with their specifications.
Circuit Interpretation
Device
Number
OA91
In 4148
In 4149
15 | P a g e
Material
used.
Ge
Si
Si
IF (mA)
VF(V)
50
100
100
2.1
1.0
1.0
VBR
(V)
115
75
75
IN 4007
Si
1000
1.6
1000
LEDs use to give a visual feedback from our circuit.
B. Transistor
Transistors are semiconductor devices used for applications like
amplification of voltages, current and are also used in oscillator
circuits and switches. Its a two junction and 3 terminal devices made
of three layers of n and p type materials.
A simple way is to look at the transistor as a switch controlled by an electrical

signal.
Datasheets from the companies can be referred to know the exact
specifications.
Code
VCE hFE
Structu Case IC
Ptot
max min
re
style max.
max.
.
.
BC107 NPN
BC108 NPN
BC108
NPN
C
BC109 NPN
16 | P a g e
Category
(typical use)
Possible
substitutes
100m
300m
45V 110
Audio, low power BC182 BC547
A
W
General
100m
300m
BC108C
TO18
20V 110
purpose,
low
A
W
BC183 BC548
power
General
100m
600m
TO18
20V 420
purpose,
low
A
W
power
200m
300m Audio
(low
TO18
20V 200
BC184 BC549
A
W
noise), low power
TO18
BC182 NPN
BC182
NPN
L
BC547
NPN
B
BC548
NPN
B
BC549
NPN
B
2N305
NPN
3
BFY51 NPN
BC639 NPN
TIP29A NPN
TIP31A NPN
TIP31C NPN
TIP41A NPN
2N305
NPN
5
BC177 PNP
BC178 PNP
17 | P a g e
General
TO92 100m
350m
BC107
50V 100
purpose,
low
C
A
W
BC182L
power
General
TO92 100m
350m
50V 100
purpose,
low BC107 BC182
A
A
W
power
TO92 100m
500m
45V 200
Audio, low power BC107B
C
A
W
General
TO92 100m
500m
30V 220
purpose,
low BC108B
C
A
W
power
TO92 100m
625m Audio
(low
30V 240
BC109
C
A
W
noise), low power
General
700m
500m
TO39
40V 50
purpose,
low BFY51
A
W
power
General
800m
TO39 1A
30V 40
purpose,
BC639
W
medium power
General
TO92
800m
1A
80V 40
purpose,
BFY51
A
W
medium power
General
TO220 1A
60V 40 30W purpose,
high
power
General
TO220 3A
60V 10 40W purpose,
high TIP31C TIP41A
power
General
100
TO220 3A
10 40W purpose,
high TIP31A TIP41A
V
power
General
TO220 6A
60V 15 65W purpose,
high
power
General
TO3 15A 60V 20 117W purpose,
high
power
100m
300m
TO18
45V 125
Audio, low power BC477
A
W
General
200m
600m
TO18
25V 120
purpose,
low BC478
A
W
power
BC179 PNP
BC477 PNP
BC478 PNP
TIP32A PNP
TIP32C PNP
Circuit Diagram
18 | P a g e
200m
600m Audio
(low
20V 180
A
W
noise), low power
150m
360m
TO18
80V 125
Audio, low power BC177
A
W
General
150m
360m
TO18
40V 125
purpose,
low BC178
A
W
power
General
TO220 3A
60V 25 40W purpose,
high TIP32C
power
General
100
TO220 3A
10 40W purpose,
high TIP32A
V
power
TO18
C. Integrated Circuit
An Integrated Circuit (IC) consists of many basic electronic components.

Its just an electronic circuit that has been shrunk to fit inside a chip.
19 | P a g e
Semi Conductor Symbols
Inductor
Inductrors best described as the
electrical momentum. It prevents
current from making any sudden
changes by producing large opposing
voltages. Magnetic coupling can be
used to transform voltages and
currents, but power must remain the
same. Coils and transformers can be
used to select frequencies.
Symbols and Markings
20 | P a g e
Its just a coil of wire and you can make one yourself by making some loops
out of a wire.
Self Check 7.1.3

I. Multiple Choice. Select the best answer.
1. A flow of electrons through a material:
a) Voltage
c) Current
b) Resistance
d) Conductance
2. The pressure that pushes electrons through a material:
a) Voltage
c) Conduction
b) Current
d) Resistance
3. A material that has very high resistance to electron flow:
a) Conductor
c) Resistor
b) Semiconductor
d) Insulator
4. A material that allows electrons to flow easily:
a) Conductor
c) Resistor
b) Semiconductor
d) Insulator
5. A material that produces electrical friction and restricts the flow of electrons:
21 | P a g e
a) Conductor
b) Semiconductor
c) Resistor
d) Insulator
II. Essay. (Situational)

1. If we Connect the LED (light emitting diode) to a 9 volt battery (not provided)
as shown in Figure . Why is the resistor necessary? If the LED does not light
up reverse the battery leads. Why the LED only light does when connected a
certain way?
III. Draw and label the symbols of a semiconductor.
Answer key Self check 7.1.3

Test I.
1. c
2. a
3. d
4. a
22 | P a g e
5. c
Test II.
1. Resistor is necessary to limit current and prevent LED from damage.
LEDs are diodes that only pass current in one direction.
Test III.
23 | P a g e
SCORING RUBRIC FOR QUIZZES

Level
of General Approach
Comprehension
Achievem
ent
Addresses the question.
Demonstrates an accurate and
Exemplary
States a relevant, justifiable answer.
complete understanding of the
(5 pts
Presents arguments in a logical order. question.
quizzes)
Uses acceptable style and grammar Backs conclusions with data and
(no errors).
warrants.
Uses 2 or more ideas, examples
and/or arguments that support
the answer.
Does not address the question Demonstrates accurate but only
Adequate
explicitly,
although
does
so adequate
understanding
of
(4 pts
tangentially.
question because does not back
quizzes)
States a relevant and justifiable conclusions with warrants and
answer.
data.
Presents arguments in a logical order. Uses only one idea to support
Uses acceptable style and grammar the answer.
(one error).
Less thorough than above.
Does not address the question.
Does not demonstrate accurate
Needs
understanding of the question.
Improvem States no relevant answers.
Indicates misconceptions.
Does not provide evidence to
ent
Is not clearly or logically organized.
support their answer to the
(3 pts
Fails to use acceptable style and question.
quizzes)
grammar (two or more errors).
No Answer
(0 pts)
Total Score _______________
24 | P a g e
JOB SHEET 7.1.3

Title: Interpreting and Making the Data Sheet of an Electronic Components
Performance Objective: The learner must be able to obtain and interpret data of
electronic components.
Supplies/Material/s: Capacitor, Resistor and IC, pen, paper
Equipment/s: Multi-meter
Steps/Procedure:
1. Determine the type of a capacitor.
2. Manufacturer's name
3. Product number
4. List of available package formats (with images) and ordering codes
5. Short functional description
6. Draw the Pin connection diagram
7. Absolute minimum and maximum ratings (supply voltage, power consumption,
input currents, temperatures for storage, operating, soldering)
8. Recommended operating conditions (as absolute minimum and maximum
ratings)
9. DC specifications
10.
Maximum power consumption over the whole operating temperature range
11.
AC specifications
12.
Input/output wave shape diagram
13.
timing diagram
25 | P a g e
14. Some characteristics are only given at a specific temperature, typically 25C
(77F)
15. Physical details showing minimum/typical/maximum dimensions, contact
locations and sizes
16.
Test circuit
17.
Ordering codes for differing packages and performance criteria.
18.
Make your own data sheet of a capacitor.
PERFORMANCE TASK GENERAL RUBRICS

RATING
Criteria:
UNDERSTANDING
10
Shows complete
understanding
of the required
Mathematical/scientific
knowledge.
The solution
completely
addresses all
mathematical/scientific
components presented
in the task.
26 | P a g e
8
Shows nearly
complete
understanding of
required
mathematical/
scientific knowledge.
The solution
addresses almost all of
the
mathematical/scientifi
c components
presented in the task.
6
Shows some
understanding
of the
required
mathematical/
scientific
knowledge
The solution
addresses
some, but not
all the
mathematical/
scientific
4
Show
unders
proble
re-cop
data.
The s
addres
mathe
c comp
to solv
There may be minor

errors.
PLANNING
EXECUTION
AND
Uses only the

important elements of
the task.
Uses most of the

important elements of
the task.
Uses an appropriate
and complete strategy
for solving the problem.
Uses an appropriate
but incomplete strategy
for solving the
problem.
Uses only relevant

information.
Uses clear and
effective diagrams,
tables, charts and
graphs.
COOMMUNICATIO
N
Appropriate but
incomplete use of
diagrams, tables,
charts and graphs.
There is a clear,
effective explanation of
the solution. All steps
are included so the
reader does not have to
infer how the task was
completed.
There is a clear
explanation.
Mathematical/scientifi
c representation is
actively used as a
means of
communicating ideas.
There is effective use

of mathematical/
scientific terminology
and notation.
There is precise and

appropriate
mathematical/scientific
terminology and
notation.
27 | P a g e
Uses most of the

relevant data.
There is appropriate
use of accurate
mathematical/scientifi
c representation.
components
presented in
the task.
Uses some
important
elements of
the task.
Uses an
inappropriate
strategy or
application of
strategy is
unclear.
Uses some
relevant data.
Limited use
or misuse of
diagrams,
tables, charts,
and graphs
There is an
incomplete
explanation; it
may not be
clearly
represented.
There is
some use of
appropriate
mathematical/
scientific
representation
.
There is
some use of
mathematical/
scientific
notation
appropriate to
the task
Uses
import
the tas
Work
with n
strateg
proble
Uses
Does
diagra
charts
Ther
explan
solutio
explan
unders
unrela
Ther
inappr
mathe
scienti
repres
Ther
mostly
use, of
scienti
and no
PERSISTENCE
Works hard on the

task and doesnt need
much help.
Student may extend
his thinking beyond the
problem and make new
connections or create
new problems.
Works hard on the

task and only gets help
after having tried many
strategies given
throughout.
Completes task,
working dutifully at
the harder parts also.
Can do
simple parts of
the problem
with little help.
Starts
working on the
harder parts,
but unless
there is help,
gives up.
Total Score: _______________________

Feedback:
_________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Testing criteria in electronics components
Interoperability testing involves testing whether a given software program or
technology is compatible with others and promotes cross-use functionality. This
kind of testing is now important as many different kinds of technology are being
built into architectures made up of many diverse parts, where seamless operation
is critical for developing a user base.
The goal of interoperability testing is to prove that end-to-end functionality
between two communicating systems is as required by the standard on which
those systems are based.
28 | P a g e
Need
the ver
Gives
often j
someo
answe
For example, interoperability testing is done between smartphone and tablet to

check data transfer via Bluetooth.
Interoperability testing is done to:
It ensures end-to-end service provision across two or more products from

different vendors
The software product should be able to communicate with other component

or device without any compatibility issues
Testing Strategy for Interoperability testing
Connect two or more devices from different vendors
Check connectivity between devices
Check if device can send/receives packets or frames from each other
Check if data is handled correctly in the network and facility layers
Check if implemented algorithms work correctly
Result ok: check next result
Result not ok: Use monitor tools to detect source of error
Report result in Test reporting tool.
It ensures that software product should be able to communicate with other

component or devices without any compatibility issues.
Bug detection
Fortunately, most radio frequency bugs are easily found. The signals that they
transmit are fairly common and can be spotted by a simple device tuned to the
frequency range that the offending bugs uses. Simply make sure all electronic
products are turned off in the space you are checking and slowly walk around the
room. If an offending radio frequency is operating in the room the device will pick
it up and notify you.
In simple terms with this process you can hear some of the strongest AM and FM
radio station. If the bug is transmitting in a complex modulation format or in
digital code you will probably not discover it.
29 | P a g e
A bug detector is essentially a radio receiver that is able to pick up electromagnetic

signals that are broadcasted from an electronic device or specifically, a bug. Rather
than converting these intercepted radio broadcasts into data or audio, the bug
detector simply lights up and sounds an alarm whenever it receives a strong
frequency. By moving a bug detector around to nearby objects, it is able to alert
the user to hidden bugs.
Operating parameters It is a characteristic, feature, or measurable factor that
can help in defining a particular system.
There are a number of standard parameters with abbreviations that are used to
define the performance of an electronic component.
It is a Detail and list of the basic transistor parameter specifications with
definitions of the different parameters used in transistor datasheets.
Reliability - deals with the process during which a conforming product turns into
a defective product. Electronic components performance and reliability are
evaluated using advanced analytical techniques and electronic measuring
techniques.
For example, there is the physical stress of the electronic device being dropped,
the thermal stress of temperature differences and the electrical stress applied
when the device is powered up. These types of external stress become factors that
may cause failure of electronic components during use of the product in which
they are embedded. To address this, we investigate the mechanisms of external
stress and failure occurrence in each type of electronic component from the design
stage and use the results as feedback for reliability design of electronic
components
Controls - A control is a procedure or policy that provides a reasonable assurance
that the information of electronic components used by an organization the data is
reliable.
Control is to guide or regulate the activities or operation of an apparatus, machine,
person, or system.
Controls of testing electronic component include:
Pro-forma worksheets should be designed to record the following
information:
(a) The time, date and duration of performing the test,
(b) The date and quantity of the samples received,
(c) Identification of the samples tested,
(d) Preparation done on the test samples,
(e) The test method,
(f) Equipment used and its setup (e.g. connection diagram),
30 | P a g e
(g) Conditions of measurement (e.g. the power supply details and the
load applied),
(h) The exact location where measurement was conducted,
(i) Observations during test,
(j) Readings of instruments (including relevant sections of recorder
charts),
(k) Identification of test operator,
(l) Detailed calculations and other factors affecting the test results,
and
(m) Supplementary information required for the analysis of the
recorded data.
Effectiveness- The evidence of the effectiveness in testing electronics is reducing
the warranty returns. Test operators shall conduct tests according to the correct
version of test standards. Testing of an electrical or electronic product involves a
large number of test standards which may have different versions and
amendments.
Efficiency of an entity (a device, component, or system) in electronics and
electrical engineering is defined as useful power output divided by the total
electrical power consumed (a fractional expression), typically denoted by the Greek
letter small Eta ( - ).
Efficiency should not be confused with effectiveness: a system that wastes most of
its input power but produces exactly what it is meant to is effective but not
efficient. The term "efficiency" makes sense only in reference to the wanted effect.
A light bulb, for example, might have 2% efficiency at emitting light yet still be 98%
efficient at heating a room (In practice it is nearly 100% efficient at heating a room
because the light energy will also be converted to heat eventually, apart from the
small fraction that leaves through the windows).
Functionality, including flow Performance of testing electronics components

-
The Components make electrical connection
resist current.
Components that may be made to either conduct (closed) or not (open).
electrical charge in an electrical field.
31 | P a g e
use magnetism.
use more than 1 type of Passive Component.
use piezoelectric effect.
control components with no moving parts.
conduct electricity in only one direction.
capable of amplification
computer electronic circuit incorporated into a chip or semiconductor; a

whole system rather than a single component
Self Check 7.1.4

I. Enumeration
1 7 Enumerate the Criteria in Testing Electronics Components
I1. Essay
1. Discuss Interoperability Testing
2. Differentiate between the efficiency and effectiveness.
32 | P a g e
33 | P a g e
Answer key 7.1.4

I.- Control
- bug detection
- Interoperability
- operating parameters
- efficiency
- effectiveness
- reliability
- functionality and flow
II. (20 pts. Each)
1. Interoperability testing is done because,
It ensures end-to-end service provision across two or more products from

different vendors
The software product should be able to communicate with other component

or device without any compatibility issues
2. Efficiency and effectiveness: a system that wastes most of its input power
but produces exactly what it is meant to is effective but not efficient. The
term "efficiency" makes sense only in reference to the wanted effect.
34 | P a g e
SCORING RUBRIC FOR ESSAY QUESTIONS

Level
of General Presentation
Achievement
Exemplary (10 pts) Provides a clear and
thorough introduction and
background
Addresses the question
Presents arguments in a
logical order
Uses acceptable style and
grammar (no errors)
Combination of above traits,
Quality (8 pts)
but less consistently
represented (1-2 errors)
Same as above but less
thorough, still accurate
Does not address the
Adequate (6 pts)
question explicitly, though
does so tangentially
States a somewhat relevant
argument
Presents some arguments in
a logical order
Uses adequate style and
grammar (more than 2
errors)
35 | P a g e
Reasoning, Argumentation
question
Uses several arguments and
backs arguments with
examples, data that support
the conclusion
Uses only one argument and

example that supports
conclusion
Demonstrates minimal
understanding of question, still
accurate
Uses a small subset of possible
ideas for support of the
argument.
Needs
improvement
(4 pts)
Does not address the

question
States no relevant arguments
Is not clearly or logically
organized
Fails to use acceptable style
and grammar
Does not demonstrate

understanding of the question,
inaccurate
support response to the
question
No Answer (0 pts)
Total Score:___________
Comments/Feedback:___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________
___________________________________
Teacher Signature
Reference:
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/semiconductor.asp#ixzz4Ezn34czq
Document and communicate testing criteria to relevant personnel
TESTING CRITERIA: (already defined with the previous topic)

Controls,
effectiveness,
efficiency,
bug
detection,
functionality,
interoperability, performance, reliability, operating parameters
DOCUMENTATION:
Documentation is the key to compliance and ensures traceability of all
development, manufacturing, and testing activities. Documentation provides the
route for auditors to assess the overall quality of operations within a company and
the final product.
DOCUMENTATION PROCEDURES:
I.
36 | P a g e
Front Matter - is the "envelope" of your document. The elements that

make up the front matter introduce the reader to the body of your
document.
Title, Table of contents, Acknowledgement
Body - consists of all material necessary for the document to fulfil

its explicit and implicit goals of informing or convincing the reader,
establishing trust, and documenting actions or procedures.
Introduction - describes the content and organization of the
documents.
II.
Purpose: A purpose statement is a declarative sentence

which summarizes the specific topic and goals of a
document. It is typically included in the introduction to
give the reader an accurate, concrete understanding what
the document will cover and what he/she can gain from
reading it. To be effective, a statement of purpose should
be:
Specific and precise - not general, broad or obscure
Concise - one or two sentences
Clear - not vague, ambiguous or confusing
Goal-oriented - stated in terms of desired outcomes
Background - Provide enough information in a technical

document to allow your reader to understand the specific
problem being addressed.
Results - describe all appropriate information produced by the
research procedures.
Discussion - Explain in the discussion section of your
document information presented in the results section,
commenting on significant data produced by the study.
Conclusion - Include a conclusion as the final part of
the body of your document. Because some readers of
documents, particularly managers, will sometimes not read the
entire document but, instead, focus on the conclusion, this part
of the document should summarize all essential information
necessary for your audience's purpose. In your conclusion:
37 | P a g e
Relate your findings to the general problem and any

specific objectives posed in your introduction.
Summarize clearly what the report does and does

not demonstrate.
Include specific recommendations for action or for

further research. Sometimes these
recommendations will constitute a
separate section of a document.
RELEVANT PERSONNEL: (already enumerated and defined with the previous

topic)
38 | P a g e
JOB SHEET 7.1.5

Instructions: In groups of 3, make documentation on the testing criteria of
electronic components being assigned, observing the Documentation Procedures.
You will be assessed with the following criteria.
Criteria
Complete and correct
inputs
10
Lacking 1 input
Lacking 2-3 inputs
Lacking 4-5 inputs
Lacking 6-7 inputs
No input at all
Sample table
Documentation Procedures:
Front Matter:
1.
2.
3.
Body:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
39 | P a g e
Score
Corresponding Information
SELF CHECK 7.1.5

Name: _______________________________ Date:____________ Score:__________
A. Instructions: Identify the following documentation procedures below. Write
your answers in the space provided before the number.
______________________1. It is consists of all material necessary for the document
to fulfil its explicit and implicit goals of informing or convincing the readers.
______________________2. It serves as an "envelope" of your document.
______________________3. Summarizes clearly what the report does and does not
demonstrate.
______________________4. Describes all appropriate information produced by the
______________________5. Provide enough information in a technical document to
allow your reader to understand the specific problem being addressed.
B. Instructions: Enumerate the following documentation procedures given below.
1. What are the elements found in Front Matter procedure?
2. Give the four statements to make an Introduction effective.
3. Give the three essential information necessary for Conclusion.
40 | P a g e
SELF CHECK 7.1.5

Answer Key
Name: _______________________________ Date:____________ Score:__________
A. Instructions: Identify the following documentation procedures below. Write
your answers in the space provided before the number.
_____Body____________1. It is consists of all material necessary for the document to
fulfil its explicit and implicit goals of informing or convincing the readers.
______Front Matter_____2. It serves as an "envelope" of your document.
_______Conclusion______3. Summarizes clearly what the report does and does not
demonstrate.
_______Results_________4. Describe all appropriate information produced by the
______Background______5. Provide enough information in a technical document to
allow your reader to understand the specific problem being addressed.
B. Instructions: Enumerate the following documentation procedures given below.
1. What are the elements found in Front Matter procedure?
Title, Table of contents, Acknowledgement
2. Give the four statements to make an Introduction effective.
i. Specific and precise - not general, broad or obscure
ii. Concise - one or two sentences
iii. Clear - not vague, ambiguous or confusing
iv. Goal-oriented - stated in terms of desired outcomes
41 | P a g e
3. Give the three essential information necessary for Conclusion.
Relate your findings to the general problem and any

specific objectives posed in your introduction.
Summarize clearly what the report does and does not

demonstrate.
Include specific recommendations for action or for further

research. Sometimes these recommendations will
constitute a separate section of a document.

PLAN AN APPROACH FOR COMPONENTS TESTING
Identify various testing methods based on types of electronic
components
Learning Objective: After reading this informations sheet, you must be able to
identify the various testing methods based on types of
An electronic component is any basic discrete device or physical entity in
an electronic system used to affect electrons or their associated fields.
An electronic circuit is a closed path or paths formed by the
interconnection of electronic components through which an electric current can
flow. Physically, an electronic circuit can be as small as a pin point or cove many
miles. They are constructed by connecting electronic components together with
conductors, which allow electricity to flow between the components.
Technical terms:
42 | P a g e
Passive testing
Active testing
Dynamic
testing
In-circuit
testing
Electric current
Conductors
Electricity
A software testing technique that observe the

system without interaction.
Involves interaction with the system.
A kind of software testing technique using
which the dynamic behavior of the code is
analyzed. For performing dynamic testing the
software should be compiled and executed and
parameters such as memory usage, CPU usage,
response time and overall performance of the
software are analyzed.
An example of white box testing where an
electrical probe test a populated printed circuit
board (PCB), checking of shorts, opens,
resistance, capacitance, and other basic
quantities which will show whether the
assembly was correctly fabricated.
A flow of electric charge. This charge is often
carried by moving electrons in a wire.
A substance in which electrical charge carries,
usually electrons, move easily form atom to
atom with the application of voltage
Is the presence and flow of electric charge. Its
best known form is the flow of electrons
through conductors such as copper wires. It is
a form of energy that comes in positive and
negative forms, that occur naturally (as
lightning), or is produced (as in a generator).
CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS

A. Passive Devices
Passive Device is one that contribute no power gain (amplification) to a
circuit or system. It has no control action and does not require any input
other than a signal to perform its function. In other words, A component
with no brains Examples of passive devices are Resistors, Capacitors and
Inductors.
Resistors
43 | P a g e
This is the most common

component in electronics. It is
used mainly to control current
and voltage within the circuit. You

can identify a simple resistor by
its simple cigar shape with a wire
lead coming out of each end. It
uses a system of color coded
bands to identify the value of the
component (measured in Ohms)
Capacitors
Capacitors, or "caps", vary in size

and shape - from a small surface
mount model up to a huge electric
motor cap the size of paint can.
Whatever the size or shape, the
purpose is the same. It stores
electrical energy in the form of
electrostatic charge.
Inductors
It is charged with a magnetic field

and when that field collapses it
produces current in the opposite
direction. Inductors are used in
Alternating Current circuits to
oppose changes in the existing
current.
B. Active devices
Active Devices are components that are capable of controlling
voltages or currents and can create a switching action in the circuit. In other
words, "Devices with smarts!" Examples are Diodes, Transistors and
Integrated circuits.
44 | P a g e
Diodes
Diodes are basically a one-way

valve for electrical current. They
let it flow in one direction (from
positive to negative) and not in the
other direction. Most diodes are
similar in appearance to a resistor
and will have a painted line on
one end showing the direction or
flow (white side is negative). If the
negative side is on the negative
end of the circuit, current will
flow. If the negative is on the
positive side of the circuit no
current will flow.
LEDs
LEDs are simply diodes that emit

light of one form or another. They
are used as indicator devices.
Example: LED lit equals machine
on. They come in several sizes
and colors. Some even emit
Infrared Light which cannot be
seen by the human eye.
Transistors
Performs two basic functions. 1) It

acts as a switch turning current
on and off. 2) It acts as an
amplifier. This makes an output
signal that is a magnified version
of the input signal.
Integrated circuits
Integrated Circuits, or ICs, are

complex circuits inside one simple
package. Silicon and metals are
used
to
simulate
resistors,
capacitors, transistors, etc. It is a
space saving miracle.
DIFFERENT TESTING METHODS FOR ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS

45 | P a g e
A. Automated
Automated testing means using an automation tool to execute your
test case suite.
Automated testing tools are capable of executing tets, reporting
outcomes and comparing results with earlier test runs. Test carries out with
these tools can be run repeatedly, at any time of day. The method or process
being used to implement automation is called a test automation framework.
B. Debugging
Debugging is the process of finding and resolving of defects that
prevent correct operation of computer software or a system. It is the process
of locating and fixing or bypassing bugs (errors) in computer program code
or the engineering of a hardware device.
C. Inspection
Inspection is an organized examination or formal evaluation excercise
which involves the measurements, tests and guages applied to certain
characteristics in regard to an object or activity. The results are usually
compared to specified requirements and standards for determining whether
the item or activity is inline with these targets.
D. Platform testing
Platform testing is a set of specifications defining test methods for
diverse components of computer and electronic system to be marketed as
complete product.
E. Prototyping
Prototyping is the activity of creating prototype of software
applications. Is a draft version of a product that allows you to explore your
ideas and show the intention behind a feature or the overall design concept
to users before investing time money into development.
46 | P a g e
Activity Sheet 7.2.1

Direction: Identify the schematic symbol of the given electronic component then
give the possible testing method to be used.
Electronic
component
47 | P a g e
Schematic Symbol
Possible testing
method to be used
Answer key
Direction: Identify the schematic symbol of the given electronic component then
give the possible testing method to be used.
Electronic
component
Schematic Symbol
Possible testing
method to be used
Automated
Debugging
Inspection
Platform testing
Prototyping
Automated
Debugging
Inspection
Platform testing
Prototyping
Automated
Debugging
Inspection
Platform testing
Prototyping
48 | P a g e
Automated
Debugging
Inspection
Platform testing
Prototyping
Automated
Debugging
Inspection
Platform testing
Prototyping
Automated
Debugging
Inspection
Platform testing
Prototyping
Scoring Rubrics
Criteria
All correct answer
10 11 correct answers
8 9 correct answers
6 7 correct answers
4 5 correct answers
2 3 correct answers
0 1 correct answers
49 | P a g e
Score
12
10
8
6
4
2
1
Test Sheet 7.2.1

Instructions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter that responds to the
correct answer in your paper.
50 | P a g e
1. It is a flow of electric charge, this charge is often carried by moving electrons in

a wire
A. Conductors
B. Electric current
C. Electronic circuit
2. The presence and flow of electric charge.
A. Conductors
B. Network
C. Electricity
3. Any basic discrete device or physical entity in an electronic system used to
affect electrons or their associated fields.
A. Electronic component
B. Electronic circuit
C. Electric current
4. A device that contribute no power gain to a circuit or system.
A. Electronic device
B. Active device
C. Passive device
5. A device that is used mainly to control current and voltage within the circuit.
A. Resistor
B. Capacitor
C. Inductor
6. It is the process of finding and resolving of defects that prevent correct
operation of computer software or a system.
A. Debugging
B. Inspection
C. Automated
7. Components that are capable of controlling voltages or currents and can create
a switching action in the circuit.
A. Electronic device
B. Active device
C. Passive device
51 | P a g e
8. It means using an automated tool to execute your test case suite.

A. Automated
B. Platform testing
C. Debugging
9. They are complex circuits inside one simple package.
A. Transistors
B. Diodes
C. Integrated circuit
10. A set of specifications defining test methods for diverse components of
computer and electronic system to be marketed as complete product.
A. Platform testing
B. Prototyping
C. inspection
52 | P a g e
Answer Key
Test Sheet 7.2.1
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. A
9. C
10. A
53 | P a g e

Characteristics of Electronic Components Testing Methods
Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, you must be able to
determine characteristics and appropriateness of testing methods to
be used during development and on completion.
Electronic components being the basic discrete device or physical entity in
an electronic system, requires constant monitoring and maintenance for its
functionality. The following are the characteristics of the different methods of
testing electric components:
1. Automated Testing Method
The objective of automated testing is to simplify as much of the

testing effort as possible. If unit testing consumes a large percentage of a
quality assurance (QA) team's resources, for example, then this process
might be a good candidate for automation. Automated testing tools are
capable of executing tests, reporting outcomes and comparing results
with earlier test runs. Tests carried out with these tools can be run
repeatedly, at any time of day. Automation drastically reduces the margin
of error and time in the testing scenario by going through pre-recorded
instructions.
2. Debugging Method
To debug a program or hardware device is to start with a
problem, isolate the source of the problem, and then fix it. A user of a
54 | P a g e
program that does not know how to fix the problem may learn enough
about the problem to be able to avoid it until it is permanently fixed.
When someone says they've debugged a program or "worked the bugs
out" of a program, they imply that they fixed it so that the bugs no longer
exist. This method reduces the effect of further damaging other
components since it isolates the defective part/component after its
identification.
3. Inspection Method
Inspection is a common method of quality control, data

acquisition, and data analysis. This is used in the maintenance of
facilities, mean inspection of equipment and structures using either or all
of raw human senses such as vision, hearing, touch and smell and/or
any non-specialized inspection equipment. With this method, external
component defects are identified using specified requirements or
standards.
4. Platform Testing Method
Platform is the underlying hardware or software for a system. A

platform might be an Intel 80486 processor running DOS Version 6.0
and could also be UNIX machines on an Ethernet network. The term
cross-platform refers to applications, formats, or devices that work on
different platforms. Using this method, components of diverse platforms
can be tested on a different platform to check its functionality. However
this does not necessarily imply that the device is defective for
incompatibility issues may cause its failure.
5. Prototyping Method
Prototyping is a draft version of a product that allows you to
explore your ideas and show the intention behind a feature or the overall
design concept to users before investing time money into development.
With prototyping, users get to experience and react to the prototype
though usually isnt complete and many of the details are not built within
it.
55 | P a g e
56 | P a g e

Direction:
described.
Identify what method of testing electronic components is being
Testing Methods
Characteristics
Testing can be repeatedly done anytime
reduced margin of error and time in the

testing scenario
reduces the effect of further damaging other

components
test is done human senses such as vision,

hearing, touch and smell
external component defects are identified

using specified requirements or standards.
components of diverse platforms are tested on

a different platform
not functional component may not necessarily

be defective due to incompatibility issues.
a draft version of a product
saves time and money
users get to experience and react to the

prototype
57 | P a g e
usually isnt complete
Answer Key
Testing Methods
Characteristics
Automated Testing
Method
Testing can be repeatedly done anytime
reduced margin of error and time in the

testing scenario
Debugging Method
reduces the effect of further damaging other

components
Inspection Method
test is done human senses such as vision,

hearing, touch and smell
external component defects are identified

using specified requirements or standards.
components of diverse platforms are tested on

a different platform
not functional component may not necessarily

be defective due to incompatibility issues.
Platform Testing Method
Prototyping Method
a draft version of a product
saves time and money
users get to experience and react to the

prototype
58 | P a g e
usually isnt complete
Criteria
Score
5 correct answers
10
4 correct answers
3 correct answers
2 correct answers
1 correct answer
Job Sheet 7.2.2

Group Activity:
Evaluate the following case situations and identify the
appropriate testing method applicable. Be able to describe to the class how
the testing is done.
1. Check the continuity of a transistor.
2. LED indicator for the power button is not lit.
3. Non-functional RAM.
4. Transistor leg not properly inserted in the PCB.
5. Power up the PSU without connecting the power connectors to the
motherboard.
59 | P a g e
Answer Key
Job Sheet 7.2.2
1. Automated
2. Inspection and Automated
3. Platform testing
4. Inspection
5. Prototyping
Category
Contributions
Quality of
Work
4
3
2
Provides useful
Usually
Sometimes
ideas when
provides ideas provides ideas
doing group
in group
in group
work. A real
work. A
work. A
leader who
strong
satisfactory
contributes a lot member who
group
of effort.
tries hard.
member who
does what is
required
Provides
Provides high Provides work
excellent quality quality work
that needs to
of work
be
rechecked..
Time
management
Uses time well

and has things
completed on
time.
Attitude
Never is publicly
critical of
anyones ideas,
opinions or
work. Always
has a positive
attitude about
the task
60 | P a g e
Uses time
well but may
have
procrastinate
d on an item
but deadlines
were still met
Rarely is
publicly
critical and
usually has a
positive
attitude.
Tends to
procrastinate
but still
meets
deadlines
Occasionally
is publicly
critical and
usually has a
positive
attitude
1
Rarely provides
ideas to the
group. May
even refuse to
participate
Provides work
that usually
needs to be
redone by
others
Rarely gets
things done by
deadlines.
Often is critical
publicly and
often has a
negative
attitude toward
the task
Focus to
task
Continuously
stays focused to
the task. Very
self-motivated.
Focuses to
the task most
of the time.
Can be
depended on
to complete a
task
Focuses to
the task
sometime.
Others need
to encourage,
and remind
this person to
stay on task
Rarely focuses
on the task.
Lets others do
the work

Consider/select testing methods in relation to appropriate
testing strategy
Learning Objectives:
After reading the INFORMATION SHEET, students must be able to select the best
testing methods in relation to the correct and appropriate testing strategy.
How to Develop a Successful Test Strategy
These are key points of how to develop a successful test strategy or test
automation strategy, write a test strategy document and template and improve
performance of the process.
The development of a test strategy / process or testing strategy for an
electronics product is just as important as the development of the product itself. It
is an unfortunate fact of life that not all products will work once they have been
manufactured and it is necessary to test the product before it is shipped to ensure
that it is operational.
The test strategy or testing process will need to be developed around the
product, and the available equipment. When creating a testing strategy it is
necessary to take account of many other aspects of the product including its
design, the complexity of the boards and many other factors. It may be necessary
to ensure that elements of the design are changed to enable testing to be
accommodated more easily and in a more cost effective manner. As a result it is
necessary to develop the test strategy from the earliest stages on the development
of the product.
Elements of Developing a Test Strategy
In order to create a test strategy, it is necessary to start at the beginning of a
project and then carry the development and implementation forward throughout
the whole of the development and production lifecycle. In order to ensure that the
testing strategy is carried forward, it is wise to create a test strategy document,
and update this as the development and production elements of the project move
forward.
61 | P a g e
The main elements of the test strategy lifecycle may include the following:
Analyze the product. One of the first tasks to undertake is to completely review
the proposed product. It will be possible to gain a good idea of the construction of
it, and form a view of the anticipated components and technologies it should be
possible to estimate the anticipated failure rates.
Review available test equipment. While many would like to tailor the test
equipment to the product and buy new test equipment, this is not normally
possible. It is normally necessary to re-use existing test equipment and to design
the product so that it is optimized for the test equipment that already exists. With
a knowledge of the technologies used in the proposed product it will be possible to
assess the existing test equipment to ensure it will be suitable for testing the new
product.
Review test opportunities. It will be necessary to review the areas in which

assemblies can be tested, both during the pilot production runs when more
failures would be expected as well as later in its life when the processes will have
matured and the line settled down.
Create test strategy document. In order to define what needs to be achieved it is
necessary to create a test strategy document. This will set down the aims of the
test strategy in a form that can be reviewed and then implemented. It is vital that
all parties agree to this so that any design for test strategies can be implemented
during the early design stages for the product.
Implement test strategy. It is necessary to implement the test strategy from the
earliest stages of the design of the product. Elements of design for test will need to
be implemented from the concept stages of the product through to the time when
printed circuit boards and ASICs are committed. By ensuring that any design for
test measures are introduced, the testing of the product can be greatly simplified
and the test coverage increased to a level where few failures are missed.
Collect metrics. One key element of any test strategy is to collect metrics. In this
way commonly occurring problems can be seen and rectified. In this way the
production process can be improved and costs reduced. Only by collecting metrics
and analyzing them quickly can process improvements be achieved.
Review and change test strategy and testing. One of the key elements in any
test strategy is to incorporate regular reviews of the product and be prepared to
change even after the product has been in production for some while. This costs
additional money and once a product has completed its development, this is rarely
available and as a result costs may be higher than necessary because the testing
62 | P a g e
is not continuing to be optimized. It is normally advisable to make changes to the

test strategy once a product has been in production. It may be possible to omit
some tests which rarely produce results or it may be necessary to introduce others
to reduce fault find time. These improvements to the test strategy can only be
implemented if funding is available.
Automated
Testing Methods for Electronic Components
Automated testing means using an automation tool to execute your

test case suite.
Automated testing tools are capable of executing tets, reporting
outcomes and comparing results with earlier test runs. Test carrie out with
these tools can be run repeatedly, at any time of day. The method or process
being used to implement automation is called a testt automation framework.
Debugging
Debugging is the process of finding and resolving of defects that
prevent correct operation of computer software or a system.
Inspection
Inspection is an organized examination or formal evaluation excercise
which involves the measurements, tests and guages applied to certain
characteristics in regard to an object or activity. The results are usually
compared to specified requirements and standards for determining whether
the item or activity is inline with these targets.
Platform testing
Platform testing is a set of specifications defining test methods for
diverse components of computer and electronic system to be marketed as
complete product.
Prototyping
Prototyping is the activity of creating prototype of software
applications. Is a draft version of a product that allows you to explore your
ideas and show the intention behind a feature or the overall design concept
to users before investing time money into development.
Testing Strategies for Electronic Components

Passive and Active Testing
Passive testing is a software testing technique that observes the system
without interaction. On the other hand, active testing involves interaction with the
system.
63 | P a g e
Dynamic Testing
Dynamic Testing is a kind of software testing technique using which the
dynamic behavior of the code is analyzed. For Performing dynamic, testing the
software should be compiled and executed and parameters such as memory
usage, CPU usage, response time and overall performance of the software are
analyzed.
Dynamic testing involves testing the software for the input values and output
values are analyzed. Dynamic testing is the Validation part of Verification and
Validation.
Dynamic Testing Techniques
The Dynamic Testing Techniques are broadly classified into two categories. They
are:
Functional Testing
Non-Functional Testing
In-Circuit Testing
In-circuit testing is an example of white box testing where an electrical probe
tests a populated printed circuit board (PCB), checking for shorts, opens,
resistance, capacitance, and other basic quantities which will show whether the
assembly was correctly fabricated.
ACTIVITY SHEET 7.2.3

Instruction:
Group students into 5.
Every group is given one manila paper.
Group will select a leader, documenter and a presenter.
Group will be given 20 minutes to complete the task.
Let groups perform a yell before presenting their outputs.
Supply answers in bullet form under characteristics column.

Testing Strategies
64 | P a g e
Characteristics
Testing Methods
Passive Testing
Active Testing
Dynamic Testing
In-Circuit Testing
Scoring Rubrics:
Criteria
Score
All correct and complete answers
10
TASK SHEET 7.2.3
6 7 correct and complete answers
8
4 5Title:
correct andTESTING
completeMETHODS
answers AND STRATEGY ON ELECTRONIC
6
4
COMPONENTS
2
Performance Objective:
Given Information Sheet 7.2.3, you should
be able to consider and select appropriate
methods and strategies in testing electronic
equipment and apply OHS policies and
procedures.
Tools and Equipment :
- Resistors
- Capacitors
- Inductors
- Diodes
- LEDs
- Transistors
- Integrated Circuits (ICs)
- Multi-tester
Steps/Procedure:
1. Group yourselves into six members.
2.
Conduct a simulation on TESTING METHODS AND STRATEGY

ON ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS.
3.
The performance will be rated based on the checklist (refer to

Performance Checklist 7.2.3).
Assessment Method:
Hands-on
65 | P a g e
Oral Questioning
Practical Demonstration
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 7.2.3

CRITERIA
Did you.
1. Identify the correct electronic equipment?
2. Use the tools/equipment properly?
3. Consider the appropriate methods and strategy in
testing electronic equipment?
4. Select the correct method and strategy in testing
electronic equipment?
5. Apply safety precautions in testing the electronic
equipment?
YES
NO
Sources:
http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/t_and_m/ate/developing-testingautomation-strategy.php
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/software_testing_dictionary/passive_testing.
htm
66 | P a g e
Information Sheet 7.2.4

Develop plan for testing components at specified points during development
and on completion
1. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Installed in the back corner of the PC case, next to
the motherboard. It converts 120vac (standard house power) into DC voltages that
are used by other components in the PC.
2. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board- The main circuit board of a

computer. It contains all the circuits and components that run the computer.
67 | P a g e
1. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Also known as hard drive, is a magnetic storage
device that is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is used as
permanent storage for data. In a Windows computer, the hard drive is usually
configured as the C: drive and contains the operating system and applications.
4. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The processor is the main brain or heart of
a computer system. It performs all of the instructions and calculations that are
needed and manages the flow of information through a computer.
5. Memory
a. ROM (Read Only Memory) ROM is non-volatile, meaning it holds data even
when the power is ON or OFF.
68 | P a g e
b. RAM (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it holds data only
when the power is on. When the power is off, RAM's contents are lost.
6. Computer Monitor- It displays information in visual form, using text and

graphics. The portion of the monitor that displays the information is called the
screen or video display terminal.
TASK SHEET 7.2.4

COMPONENTS TESTING PLAN
Hardware Component
Condition
Working properly
Not working properly
1. Power Supply
2. Computer Monitor
69 | P a g e
3.
4.
5.
6.
Motherboard
Hard disk drive
Processor
Memory
70 | P a g e

Preparing measuring instrument and tools
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Identify the necessary instrument and tools when assembling and
troubleshooting computer system.
A key to a successful assembly and troubleshooting is proper preparation. In
order to accomplish this, you must start by identifying necessary instrument and
tools and how to prepare it. Below are the necessary instrument and tools to
prepare.
Hardware Tools
For every job there is the right tool. Make sure that you are familiar with the
correct use of each tool and that the correct tool is used for the current task.
Skilled use of tools and software makes the job less difficult and ensures that
tasks are performed properly and safely.
A toolkit should contain all the tools necessary to complete hardware repairs. As
you gain experience, you learn which tools to have available for different types of
jobs. Hardware tools are grouped into four categories:
ESD tools
Hand tools
Cleaning tools
Diagnostic tools
Figure 2-2 shows some common tools used in computer repair.
71 | P a g e
Figure 2-2.Computer Tools
ESD Tools
There are two ESD tools: the antistatic wrist strap and the antistatic mat. The
antistatic wrist strap protects computer equipment when grounded to a computer
chassis. The antistatic mat protects computer equipment by preventing static
electricity from accumulating on the hardware or on the technician.
Hand Tools
Most tools used in the computer assembly process are small hand tools. They are
available individually or as part of a computer repair toolkit. Toolkits range widely
in size, quality, and price. Some common hand tools and their uses are:
Flat-head screwdriver: Used to tighten or loosen slotted screws.
Phillips-head screwdriver: Used to tighten or loosen cross-headed screws.
Torx screwdriver: Used to tighten or loosen screws that have a star-like

depression on the top, a feature that is mainly found on laptops.
Hex driver: Used to tighten or loosen nuts in the same way that a
screwdriver tightens or loosens screws (sometimes called a nut driver).
Needle-nose pliers: Used to hold small parts.
Wire cutters: Used to strip and cut wires.
Tweezers: Used to manipulate small parts.
72 | P a g e
Part retriever: Used to retrieve parts from locations that are too small for
your hand to fit.
Flashlight: Used to light up areas that you cannot see well.
Wire stripper: A wire stripper is used to remove the insulation from wire so
that it can be twisted to other wires or crimped to connectors to make a
cable.
Crimper: Used to attach connectors to wires.
Punch-down tool: Used to terminate wire into termination blocks. Some

cable connectors must be connected to cables using a punch down tool.
Cleaning Tools
Having the appropriate cleaning tools is essential when maintaining and repairing
computers. Using the appropriate cleaning tools helps ensure that computer
components are not damaged during cleaning. Cleaning tools include the
following:
Soft cloth: Used to clean different computer components without scratching

or leaving debris
Compressed air: Used to blow away dust and debris from different
computer parts without touching the components
Cable ties: Used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a computer
Parts organizer: Used to hold screws, jumpers, fasteners, and other small
parts and prevents them from getting mixed together
Diagnostic Tools
Diagnostic tools are used to test and diagnose equipment. Diagnostic tools include
the following:
A digital multimeter, as shown in Figure 2-3, is a device that can take many
types of measurements. It tests the integrity of circuits and the quality of
73 | P a g e
electricity in computer components. A digital multimeter displays the

information on an LCD or LED.
Figure 2-3.Multimeter
A loopback adapter, also called a loopback plug, tests the basic functionality
of computer ports. The adapter is specific to the port that you want to test.
The toner probe, as shown in Figure 2-4, is a two-part tool. The toner part is
connected to a cable at one end using specific adapters, such as an RJ-45,
coaxial, or metal clips. The toner generates a tone that travels the length of
the cable. The probe part traces the cable. When the probe is in near
proximity to the cable to which the toner is attached, the tone can be heard
through a speaker in the probe.
74 | P a g e
Figure 2-4.Toner Probe

Although an external hard drive enclosure is not a diagnostic tool, it is often used
when diagnosing and repairing computers. The customer hard drive is placed into
the external enclosure for inspection, diagnosis, and repair using a known-working
computer. Backups can also be recorded to a drive in an external enclosure to
prevent data corruption during a computer repair.
75 | P a g e
Task Sheet 7.2.5

Preparing measuring instrument and tools
Identify tools and equipment found in your laboratory if it belongs to ESD,
Hand, Cleaning and Diagnostic Tools.
ESD Tools
Hands Tools
Scoring Rubrics
Points
10
Students
9
Students
8
Students
7
Students
6
Students
5
Students
76 | P a g e
write
write
write
write
write
write
at
at
at
at
at
at
least
least
least
least
least
least
Cleaning Tools
Diagnostics
Description
two tools in four categories.
three tools in three categories.
two tools in three categories.
three tools in two categories.
two tools in two categories.
one tool in two categories.
Information Sheet 7.2.5-1

Checking measuring instrument and tools
1. Check the necessary instrument and tools when assembling and
troubleshooting computer system.
Every computer technician needs a number of tools and equipment to
complete any PC build or repair with the efficiency and precision of a surgeon.
Checking the necessary measuring instrument and tools will make your job easier
and ensure success.
There is a need to check to detect faulty tools or equipment in order to
ensure success in task assigned and avoid possible accidents.
The purpose of checking is to identify whether work equipment and tools
can be operated, adjusted and maintained safely with any deterioration detected
and remedied before it results in a health and safety risk. Not all work equipment
needs formal checking to ensure safety and, in many cases, a quick visual check
before use will be sufficient. However, checking is necessary for any equipment
where significant risks to health and safety may arise from incorrect installation,
reinstallation, deterioration or any other circumstances.
What should you do before using equipment and tools?
1. Ensure that you have been properly trained to use the tool safely. Read the
operator's manual before using the tool and operate the tool according to the
manufacturer's instructions. Use only tested and approved tools.
2. Check tools or equipment for any damage prior to each use.
3. Check the handle and body casing of the tool or equipment for cracks or other
damage.
4. Check cords for defects: check the power cord for cracking, fraying, and other
signs of wear or faults in the cord insulation.
5. Check for damaged switches and ones with faulty trigger locks.
6. Check the plug for cracks and for missing, loose or faulty prongs.
77 | P a g e
7. Make sure that all necessary equipment and tools are complete before working
to avoid delay of work.
What should you do if you find a tools or equipment defective?
1. If a tool is defective, remove it from service, and tag it clearly "Out of service for
repair".
2. Replace damaged equipment immediately - do not use defective tools
"temporarily".
3. Have tools repaired by a qualified person - do not attempt to repairs if you dont
have any skills.
4. Create a report of the defective tools or equipment then submit it to the person
in-charge. The report should be kept at least until the next inspection of that
equipment.
TASK SHEET 2.5-1

Title:
Checking measuring instrument and tools
Performance Objective: Given complete set of tools and equipment,

check the necessary instrument and tools when
assembling
and
troubleshooting
computer
system.
Supplies/Materials
: Notepad and Pencil
Equipment
: Hardware tools
Steps/Procedure:
1.
Visual check.
2.
Check tools or equipment for any damage prior to each use.
3.
Check the handle and body casing of the tool or equipment for
cracks or other damage.
4.
Check cords for defects.
5.
Check for damaged switches and ones with faulty trigger locks.
6.
Check the plug for cracks and for missing, loose or faulty
prongs.
7.
Make sure that all necessary equipment and tools are complete
and functional before working to avoid delay of work.
8.
If tools or equipment are defective, then tag it.
Assessment Method:
Portfolio assessment using the performance criteria checklist
78 | P a g e
Performance Criteria Checklist 7.2.5-1
CRITERIA
Visual check.
Check tools or equipment for any damage prior to each use.
Check the handle and body casing of the tool or equipment for
cracks or other damage.
Check cords for defects.
Check for damaged switches and ones with faulty trigger locks.
Check the plug for cracks and for missing, loose or faulty prongs.
Make sure that all necessary equipment and tools are complete
and functional before working to avoid delay of work.
If tools or equipment are defective, then tag it.
79 | P a g e
Yes
No

How to Establish Records Systems
1. Establish records system to document testing results, including problems
and faults.
Records managers must be involved in the development and design of
metadata structures to ensure that digital records are captured, maintained,
retained, preserved, or destroyed in accordance with their organizations
recordkeeping requirements.
As the volume of information born or stored digitally increases, concern also
increases over the ability to ensure that records will continue to be accessible
throughout their life cycle. To accomplish this end, information about the content,
context, and structure of records must be recorded and managed. Many experts
believe metadata is the key to meeting this challenge.
How to Establish a Records Storage System
Establishing a records storage system requires a thorough review of your
current company practices and a workable plan. Whether you are setting up a
paperless, electronic system or creating a system using paper records, you use the
same process. This involves applying logical organizing principles. Proper
divisions, or categories, are the key to an efficient, effective system.
Create a Records Storage System
Step 1: Review the records your company wants to store and your current records
collections and storage practices. Form a small committee to work with you in
outlining the materials you plan to organize. Create the categories you need to
encompass all your records.
Step 2: Organize documents into recognizable categories that make sense to your
personnel. The primary criterion for a category is that it not overlap any other
category. If a major category is customers, then each customer, or compatible
group of customers, should serve as a sub-category. Product or vendor records
80 | P a g e
must be in different categories. Within each category and sub-category, individual

records can be arranged alphabetically by title, by date initiated or completed,
department or any other method that makes retrieval convenient, consistent and
efficient.
Step 3: Prepare training materials that explain the system to employees. Conduct
a training program to explain the procedures and benefits of record storage and
retrieval. Give special attention to any record handlers, whose job is to collect, file
and distribute records; and unit supervisors, who are likely to receive questions
after the system is in place. Use the development team members to assist you in
monitoring the system for changes that will correct problems or make it easier and
more efficient to use.
Step 4: A filing system without a back-up system is not complete or secure.
Companies suffered large financial losses or went out of business when they lost
their data. For critical records, it may pay to make duplicate records and file them
in secure, fireproof off-site locations. Another alternative is to scan critical data
electronically and transmit the files to off-site, online storage. If privacy of data is
an issue, you can back the files up to your own drives, which you keep in a secure,
off-site location.
Ways in Documenting Data
Metadata
Metadata Defined ISO15489-1 Information and Documentation - Records
Management, the first international records management standard, defines
metadata as data describing context, content, and structure of records and their
management through time. In the contemporary information management field,
however, metadata must also be defined and understood in terms of the function it
performs, so one appreciates not only what it is, but how it operates.
Metadata is the documentation that accompanies and assists users in the
interpretation of microdata, aggregate data and geographic files. The information
usually includes the definition of variables and description of their classification
schemes, the description of the methodology used in collecting, processing and
analysing the data, and information on the accuracy of the data. Metadata can be
in a form of:
Categorization is the process of associating a document with one or more
subject categories. Cataloging and classification, two terms that come from the
library field, tend to be used interchangeably with categorization. Records
managers sometimes refer to a records classification scheme as a file plan or
record plan. Metadata associating information to categories helps provide context.
81 | P a g e
Indexing involves analyzing the document to determine terms that can be

used to describe the document. Indexing terms are then used as pointers to a
possible solution to a search. The more specific the index term, such as a unique
identification number, the better the chances are of locating and retrieving the
document quickly and easily. For paper-based records, indexing is a manual
process. However, the volume of electronic records demands an automatic process.
Different types of metadata
Metadata can consist of many different documents including those found in
Statistics Canada's Definitions, Data Sources and Methods (formerly known as the
Integrated Metadata Base or IMDB): survey questionnaires, instructions to
interviewers, codebook, user's guide, record layout, data dictionary, frequency file,
cv tables, etc. Please note that codebooks, record layouts, user guides and data
dictionaries have overlapping properties.
Statistics Canada Definitions, data sources and methods: If it is not

already, this should be one of your bookmarked sites. The Definitions, data
sources and methods section of the Statistics Canada site includes quick
descriptions of information pertinent to the survey as well as each survey's
status, frequency, questionnaire and reporting guide, description, data
sources, methodology, data accuracy, target population, instrument design,
sampling, error detection, imputation, estimation, quality evaluation, and
disclosure control.
Questionnaire: This tool is helpful to assess the questions posed to the

respondent and how the questions were formulated. It is very important to
researchers who may have to go to the RDC - if a question is asked in the
questionnaire, and not reported on the PUMF, access to the variable is only
available through the RDC program. Or in some cases, there is the
possibility of asking for a custom tabulations. Keep in mind that for the
PUMFs, responses for some questions may not be used directly but may be
used for the creation of the derived variables appearing in the PUMF. It also
gives context to the question "Was the question posed the way I thought it
was?" Note: interviewer instructions are commonly included in the
questionnaire.
Interviewer instructions: Interviewer instructions give an indication of how

the data was collected and also provides an indication of skip patterns in
the questionnaire (which helps explain why the population for certain
variables may be lower than the total population). Other instructions can
facilitate the interpretation of the data as well.
User's guide: The user's guide contains information to help the user
interpret the survey data. It has overlapping properties with the data
dictionary, record layout and codebook as it often contains all the
82 | P a g e
documentation pertaining to a survey (such as the sampling methodology,

population sampled, variable descriptions, position, labels, etc.).
Codebook: A codebook is a generic term often used to describe the user's

guide, record layout and data dictionary or combinations of these
documents. In its earliest usage, the codebook contained the rules for
assigning numeric codes to the responses for questionnaire items. However,
as applied by Statistics Canada recently (in that the data dictionary
normally is assigned a "_cbk" extension), it typically provides variablespecific metadata - question text, response values, missing value
declarations, variable universe, etc.
Record layout: The record layout provides variable names, column positions
in the data file, and number of decimals. It is often distributed in .xls format
- and hence, can be exported to ASCII and used to create SPSS/SAS/Stata
command files. Similar to the codebook, it can provide variable breakdowns
and the codes for the responses.
Data dictionary: The data dictionary is an excellent source to find general

information about the variables in a survey, the codes for variables, missing
value assignments, and frequency counts. This document has overlapping
properties with the codebook, user's guide and record layout.
Frequency file: The frequency file contains a list of the frequencies for the
responses in the dataset, that is, the number of respondents who responded
to each of the possible answers for a question. Some variables are
continuous and are not included in the frequency file (e.g., the weight
variable). This file may also include weighted and unweighted frequencies.
CV tables: In order to assess the quality of data, many surveys provide the
CV tables, which are the coefficients of variation. These can be simple
tables, but some surveys offer bootstrap weights to calculate these in a
different way. CV tables are also referred to as variability tables.
How to develop a Metadata

Schemas are usually built for a specific purpose, e.g. discovery, records
management preservation, etc. Check for missing elements. There may be several
discovery-focused elements (subject, description, title), but are there enough
elements for records management, (business function, agent, storage format,
ownership, disposal actions and triggers)?
Include useful elements from other well-maintained schemas, e.g. for geospatial
coordinates include elements from geospatial metadata schemas. This is called
cross walking.
When combining elements and refinements (sub-elements) from a variety of
schemas, make sure they do not overlap. Determine which element set is better at
83 | P a g e
describing formats, which is better at description of content, etc. and select the
appropriate elements. Check whether the way you want to use any element or subelement is consistent both with the source schema and with your purposes. For
example a simple Date element would not comply with the records management
requirement that specific types of dates must be linked to events such as disposal
actions
Link to existing encoding schemes that are well maintained by trusted agencies.
Look also for more specific/local schemas/application profiles based on this
important standard
Also look for any existing lists relevant to your country or sector, for example: o
For your country there may be a list of security classifications, e.g. In confidence,
Restricted, Secret, Top Secret etc o For the education sector there might already be
a list of education functions and activities
Avoid creating new elements. Create refinements (sub-elements) instead. This is
fundamental for interoperability. Even if systems don't recognise the refinement,
they will recognise the parent element. For example, in an education sector
metadata schema, under a Subject element there could be a refinement of
Education Curriculum.
Make sure that any use of external encoding schemes is consistent.
Strategies for metadata development

Steps in creating metadata
1. Assemble information before you begin:
o Inventory your data
Spatial data sets have an ability to multiply and consume all available
disk space. What's worse, they tend to spread beyond the initial
source of creation. Never-the-less, when considering the resources
invested in database development, the time spent maintaining an
inventory is certainly justified.
o Know your data...
As GIS tools become easier to use, data developers have less contact
with rigors of geographic representation. Metadata provides an
opportunity to recapture much of the knowledge lost to map and data
automation.
84 | P a g e
Identify what your data means

Provide information regarding the data's intended use and
purpose.
Identify the time your data is valid
Identify the resources used to create the data

Providing lineage makes getting answers easier.
Identify what your data represents

Knowledge about elements that compose the map,
(i.e. themes, features, attributes, queries, resolution, etc.) makes
metadata easy to complete.
Identify how your data is represented

Knowledge of cartographic elements such
as projection, datum, Scale Factor, ordinate resolution,
and coordinate system.
2. Review other metadata examples

o Examine other metadata records
Metadata can be collected in a variety of forms and varying levels of
detail. Examining how other agencies document their data holdings
may provide insight into the most appropriate strategy for your agency.
3. Know the Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM)
The CSDGM can be very daunting to the un-initiated. By using available
resources, compliant metadata does not have to require a lot of time.
o Graphical CSDGM
This tool provides a very "user friendly" interface to the standard.
o Download the Metadata Workbook version 2.0
4. Use the resources available to you
The metadata standard can be quite large. By utilizing the resources like
the Graphical CSDGM, you can cut down on the time it takes to enter values by
entering only those fields that apply to your data:
o SOFTWARE: CorpsMet95
The US Army Corps of Engineers developed Corpsmet95 as a free, easy
to use, metadata production tool. Corpsmet95 offers an integrated
CSDGM "wizard" like feature that informs users when a value
is required or required if applicable. This feature makes CorpsMet95
appealing to novice and general use metadata creators.
85 | P a g e
Enter
only
what
is
required
The CSDGM fields may seem daunting at first, but if you enter
only that information which is required, you will save
time. CorpsMet95 identifies only those fields which form
compliant metadata.
5. Syntax & structure of metadata

o Parse the record
Parsing refers to a process in which the values and structure of
metadata record are reviewed. By checking the syntax of the
metadata record against the FGDC Content Standard for Digital
Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM). An output file (a text report) is
generated which indicates any and all errors in the metadata.
Using the report, all necessary modifications to the

arrangement and values in the record are made as they are
needed. Repeating the process until the syntactical structure is
correct is required.
Microsoft Word Document Metadata Capture and Use
86 | P a g e
87 | P a g e
Figure 3: Example of Metadata
TASK SHEET 7.2.6

Title:
How to Create a Metadata
Performance Objective: Given a sample records with context or

description, students will create a metadata.
Supplies/Materials
: Paper and ballpen
Equipment
: LCD projector
Steps/Procedure:
1.
Read the following reports
Problems
Motherboard
Bloated Capacitor
Memory
Blue
Screen
88 | P a g e
Symptoms
Defective motherboard due
to Bloated capacitators
A blue screen with white
text
flashes
before
restarting
Operating System When you restart your
(OS) Error Loading computer after the file-copy
Operating System
portion of Windows XP
Setup, you may receive the
following error message:
Error loading operating
system
Power Supply LED The Power Supply LED is
not available on all the
desktop computer models.
Microsoft
Office There is no MS office
Not Installed
installed
Monitor No Signal
NO SIGNAL error message
displayed on the Monitor
2. Create a metadata name of the above reports.
Date
6/8/2016
7/1/2016
6/20/2016
6/15/2106
6/5/2016
5/26/2016
Scoring Rubrics
Points
Description
10
Create a metadata name which appropriate to the given reports.
8
Create a metadata name which closely related to the given
reports.
5
Create a metadata name to the given reports.
Self-Check 7.2.6
Enumerate the following items below:
1. Create a Records Storage System
2. Different types of metadata
89 | P a g e
Answer Key 7.2.6

1. Create a Records Storage System
1. Review the records your company wants to store and your current records
collections and storage practices.
2. Organize documents into recognizable categories that make sense to your
personnel.
3. Prepare training materials that explain the system to employees.
4. A filing system without a back-up system is not complete or secure.
2. Different types of metadata

1. Statistics Canada Definitions, data sources and methods
2. Questionnaire
3. Interviewer instructions
4. User's guide
5. Codebook
6. Record layout
7. Data dictionary
8. Frequency file
90 | P a g e
9. CV tables

Apply appropriate testing methods to electronic component in accordance
to technical specifications.
- to run or operate by using machines, computers, etc instead
Automated
of people to do the work
Debugging
to remove the mistakes or errors in a computer program
Inspection
the act of looking at something closely in order to learn

more about it to find problems etc.
Platform Testing
is a set of specifications defining test methods for diverse

components of computer and electronic systems to be
marketed as complete products.
91 | P a g e
Prototyping
- an original or first model of something from which the forms

are copied or developed.
Activity Sheet 3.1

Groupings:
The class will be divided into 5 groups and will perform the following testing
methods:
a.) automated
b.) debugging
c.) inspection
d.) platform testing
e.) prototyping
92 | P a g e
Scoring Rubric:
Description
Score
100% completed
75% completed
50% completed
10
8
5
Job Sheet 7.3.1
93 | P a g e
Check what appropriate testing method will be used in the given problem or
situation.
TESTING METHOD
SITUATION
1 Unplug
power cord
2 virus,
Trojans,
worms
3 Software
application
s
4 Software
installation
5 Motherboar
d tracer
94 | P a g e
AUTOMATED
DEBUGGING
INSPECTION
PLATFOR
M
TESTING
PROTOTYPIN
G

Detecting and recording problems and faults by testing.
Common Trouble for Computer Units
1. Double check the power connections.
2. Voltage Regulator and power supply could cause power failure in the computer
unit.
3. Check the power cords and cable connectors in your computer unit.
4. Unseated card. Loose cards could cause it to malfunction.
S. Do you have ink or toners in your printer? Check the ink toners/ cartridges in
your printers.
6. Check the boot sequence configuration in the advance BIOS (Basic
Input/Output Unit) setup.
Troubleshooting Plan for Personal Computers
When you find a faulty component in your computer, check
Trial and error
it with the other computers so that you can make sure
whether the fault is in the component or not.
In case of any device failure, check all the cables of your
Check cables
computers such as data cables, power cables, internal
circuitry cables and make sure that all these are plugged
in and working fine.
Check the hardware settings in the CMOS and in the
Hardware
device manager of the system and make all the device
settings
drivers are up to date and all the cards are plugged in
properly.
When you notice a software or hardware error in your
Notice Changes
computer, determine what was changed before the problem
occurred.
In the event viewer, you will find the error or warning
Event viewer
messages associated with any faulty hardware or software.
Troubleshooting is a big learning option and we can learn a
Make notes
lot when we face any kind of troubleshooting in our
computer. Make notes including the error messages and
their solutions, so that you have a record on how a certain
problem occurred and how did you solve it.
95 | P a g e
Tools for Testing Computer System

Tools and equipment play a vital role in troubleshooting, it helps the user to
determine the errors found in your computer hardware and network.
1. Screw drivers is used to install and remove screws in your computer unit.
2. Pliers and tweezers is used for picking small parts in your computer unit.
3. Soldering iron is primarily used for connecting terminals in your power
supply and circuit board with the use of a soldering lead.
4. Anti-static wrist strap, mat and spray are used to eliminate electrostatic
discharge in your work area.
5. Lens cleaner is used for cleaning optical media, such as DVD-ROMs and
CD writers.
6. Thermal paste is a paste used for heat dissipation for your processor.
Network Troubleshooting Tools
1. LAN Tester is a device used to test the network connection.
2. Crimping tool is a device used to crimp the RJ45 connector to the UTP
cable.
96 | P a g e
Activity Sheets 7.3.2

Hands-on Activity (GROUP ACTIVITY)
Direction: Each group will detect and record the problems encountered in their
assign System Unit.
GROUP
STEPS IN DETECTING PROBLEMS
DETECTED PROBLEMS
Sample Answers
Check the power supply
Fan is not working
1
Open and check the system unit
Be sure that the CPU fan is
properly inserted the CPU fan
chord to the CPU fan slot
Check first the power chord of
Unable to Print
2
the printer if it is properly plug
Be sure that the printer cable is
inserted to the printer port
Check the drivers, if it is
properly installed
First, check the power chord of
System unit is not booting
3
up
the system unit if it is damaged
97 | P a g e
Used the multi-tester to test if

the power chord is still
functional
Power chord is properly plug to
the motherboard power slot
Check first the power chord if it
is damaged or not
Check the monitor cable if it
properly attached
Check the RAM if it is loosely
inserted
No display of monitor
CRITERIA:
Evaluation:
1.
2.
3.
4.
CRITERIA
Sequence of steps in detecting is
followed.
Observance of safety
precautions.
Appropriate tools are used in
detecting problems.
Creating a documentation plan
for troubleshooting.
RATING
20%
20%
30%
30%
100%
Task Sheets 3.2

Name: ___________________________________
School: __________________________________
Date: ______________
Score: _____________
Sample Checklist
Direction: Just simply put a CHECK MARK to the YES column if the following
items are accomplished in the testing process and NO column if not.
98 | P a g e
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Procedures
Double check the power connections.
Observance of safety precautions.
Appropriate tools are used in detecting problems.
Creating a documentation plan for troubleshooting.
Check the power cords and cable connectors
Can able to identify the problem
Develop team work during the activity
Tools are properly place after using

Documentation of the remedial steps.
99 | P a g e
YES
NO
Documented Information
Problems
No display of
monitor
Procedures/Solutions
-check the power supply
-clean the RAM
Unable to Print
-check the printer cable if it is properly plug

or not
-install drivers
Unable to
produce sound
-check the audio/video cable if it works

properly
-check the drivers if it is properly installed
-turn on the speakers
System unit not -properly plug the power supply circuits to

booting up
the motherboard
-check the wire
Fan is not
working
100 | P a g e
-Check the power supply

-Open and check the system unit
-Be sure that the CPU fan is properly
Components
inserted the CPU fan chord to the CPU fan

slot
ACTIVITY SHEETS 7.3.3

Sample Documentation Table
Direction: Each group will list down all possible components to be checked
based on the problems.
Symptoms:
Good
Defective
Remedy
No Monitor Display
AC outlet
AVR
Monitor Power Cable
Monitor Switch
Power Supply
CRITERIA:
Evaluation:
1.
2.
3.
4.
CRITERIA
Sequence of steps in detecting is
followed.
Observance of safety
precautions.
Appropriate tools are used in
detecting problems.
Creating a documentation plan
for troubleshooting.
RATING
20%
20%
30%
30%
100%
101 | P a g e
Job Sheets 7.3.3

Name: ___________________________________
School: __________________________________
Date: ______________
Score: _____________
Sample Checklist
Direction: Just simply put a CHECK MARK to the YES column if the following
items are accomplished in the testing process and NO column if not.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Procedures
Double check the power connections.
Observance of safety precautions.
Appropriate tools are used in detecting problems.
Creating a documentation plan for troubleshooting.
Check the power cords and cable connectors
Can able to identify the problem
Develop team work during the activity
Tools are properly place after using
102 | P a g e
YES
NO

Resolve detected problems and faults during testing in accordance with
agreed project or industry practice
Computer Parts Replacement
Replacing computer parts and peripherals you need to consider the following
factors:
1. Compatibility of the component or part
2. Consider the component specification
3. Components form factor
Compatibility of the Component
When replacing computer parts you should check if it is compatible with your unit.
Double check on your computer manual if the component you are replacing is
compatible or not with the unit because this may lead to system crash.
Component Specification
103 | P a g e
This focuses on the specification of the component. Check if the voltage rating,
current rating, memory size and frequency matches your computer unit.
Form factor
The components manufacturer should be considered. Check if the unit you are
trying to repair or upgrade is generic or branded units. Branded units have their
own set of components compatible only to their units, while genetic types can be
used only to generic type of units.
List of Components Commonly Replaced in a Computer System
Memory- is technically any form of electronic storage; it is used most often to
identify fast, temporary forms of storage. It is commonly called RAM (Random
Access Memory).
Video Cards- is also referred to as a graphics accelerator, is an item of personal
computer hardware whose function is to generate and output images to a display.
Network Interface Card is also known as LAN card. A PC interface to network

cabling. It is a piece of computer hardware designed to allow computers to
communicate over a computer network
104 | P a g e
Hard disk drive is a fixed computer storage medium
Motherboard is also known as the mainboard. It contains circuits that perform

various functions.
Processor is also known as CPU or the Central Processing unit

105 | P a g e
Electrical safety
Electric current from power, telephone, and communication cables can be
hazardous. To avoid personal injury or equipment damage, disconnect the
attached power cords, telecommunications systems, networks and modems before
you open the server/workstation covers, unless instructed otherwise in the
installation and configuration procedure.
106 | P a g e
PERFORMANCE TASK/ ACTIVITY SHEETS 7.3.4

Hands-on Activity
(OHS Should be followed)
General Safety Tips and Reminders
Observe good housekeeping in the area of the machines during and after
maintenance.
Place removed covers and other parts in a safe place, away from all
personnel, while you are servicing the machine.
Dress for the Job
Keep your tool case away from walk areas so that other people will not trip
over it.
Do not wear loose clothing that can be trapped in the moving parts of a
machine. Ensure that your sleeves are fastened or rolled up above your
elbows. If your hair is long, use hair net or hair cap.
Insert the ends of your necktie or scarf inside clothing or fasten it with a
nonconductive clip, approximately 3 inches from the end.
Do not wear jewelry, chains, metal-frame eyeglasses, or metal fasteners for
your clothing.
After service, reinstall all safety shields, guards, labels, and ground wires.
Replace any safety device that is worn out or defective.
Finally, reinstall all covers correctly before returning the unit to the
customers.
Precautions
Disconnect all power before:
Performing a mechanical inspection
Working near power supplies
Removing or installing main units
Before starting work on the machine, unplug the power cord.
Never assume that power has been disconnected from a circuit. First, check
that it has been powered-off.
Always look carefully for possible hazards in your work
Moist floors
107 | P a g e
If an
Non-grounded power extension cables

Power surges.
electrical accident occurs:
Use caution
Switch off power
Send another person to get medical aid
Safety Inspection Guide

1. These steps will help you to identify potentially unsafe conditions on these
products:
Check exterior covers for damage (loose, broken, or sharp edges)
Power-off computer. Disconnect the power cord.
The power cord should be the appropriate type.
Insulation on the power cord must not be frayed or worn out.
Remove the cover.
Check for any obvious alteration. Use good judgment as to the safety
of any alterations.
Check for worn out, frayed or pinched cables.
Check that the power-supply cover fasteners (screws or rivets) have
not been removed or tampered with.
108 | P a g e
Evaluation Sheet 7.3.4

Place your answer on your notebook
1 . Give the functions of each component.
1. Memory- is technically any form of electronic storage; it is used most often to
identify fast, temporary forms of storage. It is commonly called RAM (Random
Access Memory).
2. Video Cards- is also referred to as a graphics accelerator, is an item of
personal computer hardware whose function is to generate and output images
to a display.
3. Network Interface Card is also known as LAN card. A PC interface to
network cabling. It is a piece of computer hardware designed to allow
computers to communicate over a computer network
4. Hard disk drive is a fixed computer storage medium
5. Motherboard is also known as the mainboard. It contains circuits that
perform various functions.
6. Processor is also known as CPU or the Central Processing unit
2. Factors to consider when replacing a component.
109 | P a g e
4.
5.
6.
Compatibility of the component or part

Consider the component specification
Components form factor

Evaluate final product against the determined criteria
Simple Idea(s)
Evaluate
OHS
Methods in testing
Tools
Evaluation Report
EVALUATION CRITERIA
110 | P a g e
Judge the value or condition of someone or

something in a careful and thoughtful way.
Occupational Health and Safety
automated, debugging, inspection, platform
testing, prototyping
Hand tools, ESD tools, Diagnostic tools
Tells the final result of the evaluation done
1. Observation of OHS were they able to follow the OHS in testing and
resolving the detected problems on the specific electronic component and
followed the 5s.
a. Seiri / Sort
- In the sort stage, necessary items in the workplace
are separated from unnecessary items.
b. Seiton / Set in Order - designated places are identified for all
necessary items and workflow is organised for efficiency
c. Seiso / Sweep or Shine - cleaning and tidying of the workplace,
materials and tools.
d. Seiketsu / Standardize - standards for optimal conditions can be
implemented
e. Shitsuke / Sustain - to sustain, manage and maintain performance
2. Method being used appropriate and effective method in testing the
electronic component.
3. Proper Use of Tools correct tools that are required to finish or accomplish
a certain task.

111 | P a g e
Scenario: A student is trying to solve a problem in computer where the CPU fan is
not working. The student get the necessary tools and prepared the work
environment before opening the System Unit using the right tool. Once open, he
then make sure everything is unplugged and safe , put on the anti-static wrist
strap and check what could be the possible reason of the problem. The student
found out that the CPU fan chord is not connected to CPU Fan Power Slot. The
student put-on a hand gloves and inserted CPU fan chord to the CPU Fan Power
Slot. The student turn on the system unit and saw that the CPU fan is now
working.
1. Observation of
OHS
2. Method being
used in testing
the component
3. Proper use of
tools
(Did they follow OHS and what are

5s implemented?)
(What is the method being used?)
(What are the tools being used?

Are they used appropriately?)
4. Create Evaluation Report (tells whether the final product is ready or

not)
Scoring Rubric
Content of Table
Complete
Some
Few
Empty
112 | P a g e
10pts
8pts
4pts
1pt
TASK SHEET 7.3.5

Scenario: The student is troubleshooting a system unit not booting up. He prepare
the workplace and the tools needed in troubleshooting. Before opening the system
unit, he make sure that the power is unplugged. After opening the case of the
system unit the student used Inspection Method in testing. First the student
check if the power chord of the system unit is not damaged, second the student
make use of a multi-tester in checking if the power chord is still functional and
working. He found out that the power chord is no longer functional. The student
just replace the power chord to a working one, test the new power chord and its
already working. The student was able to boot up his system unit now. After seeing
that its now working, the student clean the tools used and return it to the proper
storage.
Legend:
Yes
No
Just simply put a CHECK MARK to the YES column if the following items are
accomplished in the testing process and put CHECK MARK to the NO column if
not.
1. Followed OHS
a. Seiri/Sort
b. Seiton/Set and order
c. Seiso / sweep or shine
d. Seiketsu/Standardize
e. Shitsuke/Sustain
2. Most Appropriate Method being used
3. Used correct tools
4. Checked if the final product is ready
113 | P a g e

Submit to relevant personnel the documented and summarized evaluation
report of the testing process
Relevant Personnel- relating to a subject in an appropriate way/person

Immediate supervisor-direct head, team leader
Manager-someone who is in charge of a business departments etc
SAMPLE EVALUATION REPORT FORM
NAME:
SUB-Learning Outcomes
Apply appropriate
testing methods to
electronic component
in accordance to
technical
specifications.
Detect and record

problems and faults by
testing
Documents remedial
steps
Resolve detected
testing in accordance
with agreed project or
industry practice
Evaluate final
products against the
114 | P a g e
Complied
Not
Complied
Remarks
determined criteria
Name of Evaluators:-________________________

Instruction: Fill in the evaluation form found below.
SAMPLE EVALUATION REPORT FORM

NAME:
SUB-Learning Outcomes
Apply appropriate
testing methods to
electronic component
in accordance to
technical
specifications.
Detect and record

testing
Documents remedial
steps
Resolve detected
testing in accordance
with agreed project or
115 | P a g e
Complied
Not
Complied
Remarks
industry practice
Evaluate final
products against the
determined criteria
Name of Evaluators:-________________________
JOB SHEET 7.3.6

Students will be form into 5 groups. Each group will role play the steps in
submitting Evaluation Report.
CRITERIA
MASTERY OF THE CONTENT
MODULATION
CLARITY
TOTAL
116 | P a g e
POINTS
20
10
20
50
Info Sheet 7.4.1

Identify testing methods that were successful based on industry standards.
Testing methods- are often scrutinized for their validity,applicability and
accuracy.it is very important that the scope of the test methods be clearly defined
and any aspect included in the scope is shon to be accurate and repeatable
through validation.
Automated
Debugging
117 | P a g e
- to run or operate by using machines, computers, etc

instead of people to do the work
to remove the mistakes or errors in a computer
program
Inspection
Platform Testing
the act of looking at something closely in order to learn

more about it to find problems etc.
is a set of specifications defining test methods for
diverse components of computer and electronic systems
to
be
marketed
as
complete
products.
Prototyping - an original or first model of something from
which the forms are copied or developed.

Given the following scenario identify the appropriate testing methods being used.
1. No power supply
2. Replacing CPU
3. Loss contact of components
118 | P a g e
JOB SHEET 7.4.1

119 | P a g e
Essay: Based on the given situation what do you think testing methods is
successful based on industry standard. Why?
120 | P a g e
SCORING RUBRIC FOR ESSAY QUESTIONS

Level of
Achievement
General Presentation
Provides a clear and thorough

introduction and background
Presents arguments in a
logical order
Uses acceptable style and
grammar (no errors)
Combination of above traits,
Quality (8 pts)
but less consistently
represented (1-2 errors)
Same as above but less
thorough, still accurate
Does not address the question
Adequate (6 pts)
explicitly, though does so
tangentially
States a somewhat relevant
argument
Presents some arguments in a
logical order
Uses adequate style and
grammar (more than 2 errors)
Needs improvement Does not address the question
States no relevant arguments
(4 pts)
Is not clearly or logically
organized
Fails to use acceptable style
and grammar
No Answer (0 pts)
Exemplary (10 pts)
Reasoning, Argumentation
question
Uses several arguments and
backs arguments with examples,
data that support the conclusion
Uses only one argument and

example that supports
conclusion
Demonstrates minimal
understanding of question, still
accurate
Uses a small subset of possible
ideas for support of the
argument.
Does not demonstrate

understanding of the question,
inaccurate
support response to the question
Total Score:___________
Comments/Feedback:___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
Teacher Signature
121 | P a g e

Evaluate testing process and records system based on standard procedure
Proper evaluation and recording of its testing processes will help you in
tracing the progress and status of the electronic component.
While testing electronic components, perform evaluation and recording the

testing process and consider the ff. procedures:
1. Know the standard testing procedures of electronic components.
2. Prepare record book and a pen.
3. Categorize the data on testing processes into: Date, Electronic
components name, specification & remarks.
4. Evaluate every testing process in each electronic components in
accordance of its manufacturers specification.
5. Record every testing process of each electronic components.
6. Keep the record book in a safe location.
122 | P a g e
TASK SHEET 7.4.2

Title:
Evaluate testing process and records system based on
standard procedure
Given one Learning Outcome of the qualification assigned to
you, you should be able to Evaluate testing process and records system
based on standard procedure
Supplies/Materials
:
Record Book & Pen
Equipment
:
None
Steps/Procedure:
4. Identify the process of testing.
5.
Choose one testing process/record system to evaluate.
6.
Present your work to your teacher.
Assessment Method:
Observation of skills demonstration using the Performance Criteria
Checklist
123 | P a g e

Information Sheet
CRITERIA
testing procedures
Know the standard

of electronic
components.
Prepare record book and a pen.
Categorize the data on testing processes into: Date, Electronic
Evaluate every testing process in each electronic components
in accordance of its manufacturers specification.
Record every testing process of each electronic components.
Record re-test results of the defective electronic components if
any.
Keep the record book in a safe location.
124 | P a g e
Yes
NO
JOB SHEET 7.4.2

Evaluate testing process and records system based on standard
Title:
procedure
students should be able to Evaluate testing process and records system
based on standard procedure
Supplies/Materials
:
Record Book & Pen
Equipment
:
None
Steps/Procedures :
In reference to the Training Plan, you must identify the following per
task or activity
1. Know the standard testing procedures of electronic components.
3. Categorize the data on testing processes into: Date, Electronic
4. Evaluate every testing process in each electronic components in
5. Record every testing process of each electronic components.
6. Keep the record book in a safe location
Assessment Method:
Observation on Skills Demonstration
125 | P a g e
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST

JOB SHEET 7.4.2
MONITORING WORK-BASED TRAINING
Trainees Name: ___________________________
Date : _____________________
CRITERIA
1. Identified the standard testing procedures of
YES
NO
2. Prepared record book and a pen.

3. Categorized the data on testing processes into:
Date, Electronic components name, specification
& remarks.
4. Evaluated every testing process in each
electronic components in accordance of its
manufacturers specification.
5. Recorded every testing process of each electronic
components.
6. Kept the record book in a safe location
Comments/Suggestions:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Trainers Signature: ________________________ Date : _____________________

126 | P a g e

Document test results/finding for subsequent testing
Documenting test results will validate the usability & functionality of the
STEPS IN DOCUMENTING TEST RESULTS:

2. Categorize the data results into: Date, Electronic components name,
specification, remarks and recommendations.
3. Record every test results of each electronic components.
4. Evaluate every test results of each electronic components in accordance of
its manufacturers specification.
5. Classify good condition and defective electronic components through its test
results.
6. Record re-test results of the defective electronic components if any.
127 | P a g e
TASK SHEET 7.4.3

Title:
Document test results/finding for subsequent testing.
students should be able to document test
results/finding for subsequent testing.
Supplies/Materials
Equipment
:
:
Record Book & Pen

None
Steps/Procedure:
7. Identify the contents of your Learning Competency.
8.
Choose one content to develop into an Information Sheet.
9.
Present your work to your trainer.
Assessment Method:
Observation of skills demonstration using the Performance Criteria
Checklist
128 | P a g e

Information Sheet
CRITERIA
Yes
Prepare record book and a pen.
Categorize the data results into: Date, Electronic components
129 | P a g e
NO
name, specification, remarks and recommendations.

Record every test results of each electronic components.
Evaluate every test results of each electronic components in
Classify good condition and defective electronic components
through its test results.
Record re-test results of the defective electronic components if
any.
Keep the record book in a safe location.
JOB SHEET 7.4.3
Title:
Document test results/finding for subsequent testing.
students should be able to document test
results/finding for subsequent testing.
Supplies/Materials
:
Record Book & Pen
Equipment
:
None
Steps/Procedures :
In reference to the Training Plan, you must identify the following per
task or activity
2. Categorize the data results into: Date, Electronic components name,
specification, remarks and recommendations.
3. Record every test results of each electronic components.
4. Evaluate every test results of each electronic components in
5. Classify good condition and defective electronic components through
its test results.
6. Record re-test results of the defective electronic components if any.
Assessment Method:
Observation on Skills Demonstration
130 | P a g e
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST

JOB SHEET 7.4.3
MONITORING WORK-BASED TRAINING

Trainees Name: ___________________________
Date: _____________________
CRITERIA
1. Prepared record book and a pen.
2. Categorized the data results into: Date, Electronic
components name, specification, remarks and
recommendations.
3. Recorded every test results of each electronic
components.
4. Evaluated every test results of each electronic
components in accordance of its manufacturers
specification.
5. Classified good condition and defective electronic
components through its test results.
6. Recorded re-test results of the defective electronic
components if any.
7. Kept the record book in a safe location.
131 | P a g e
YES
NO
Comments/Suggestions:
___________________________________________________________________________
Trainers Signature: ________________________ Date: _____________________
132 | P a g e

Instructional Materials Fouth Quarter

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Instructional Materials Fouth Quarter

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

INFORMATION SHEET 7.

Job Description a written statement of a specific job, based on the findings of a

3. Accessible can be located quickly (within a seconds) and easily

Self- Check 7.1-1

________________ 10. these are the detailed information of the equipment to be

INFORMATION SHEET 7.1-2

What is a consulting methodology?

Phase 2: Establishing the Relationship

Phase 4: Solution Finding

SELF CHECK 7.1-2

Enumeration: Enumerate the following:

TASK SHEET 7.1-2

Computer Equipment maintenance

Make and complete the process of

PC, printer with ink

Performance Criteria Checklist

INFORMATION SHEET 7.1.3

Product number and name

List of available package formats (with images) and ordering codes

Notable device properties

Short functional description

Pin connection diagram

Absolute minimum and maximum ratings (supply voltage, power

Recommended operating conditions (as absolute minimum and maximum

DC specifications (various temperatures, supply voltages, input currents,

Maximum power consumption over the whole operating temperature range

AC specifications (various temperatures, supply voltages, frequencies, etc.)

Input/output wave shape diagram

Some characteristics are only given at a specific temperature, typically 25C

Physical details showing minimum/typical/maximum dimensions, contact

Ordering codes for differing packages and performance criteria

Liability disclaimer regarding device use in certain environments such as

Application recommendations, such as required filter capacitors, circuit

a document that gives more specific details on using a component in a

Useful for giving guidance on more unusual uses of a particular component,

May either be appended to a datasheet, or presented as a separate

The Most Common Electronic Components

Use to control the voltages and the currents in your circuit.

The resistor is an electronic component that has electrical friction.

Capacitor values and markings

A. Light Emitting Diode (LED) Integrated Circuits are usually drawn as

LEDs use to give a visual feedback from our circuit.

A simple way is to look at the transistor as a switch controlled by an electrical

An Integrated Circuit (IC) consists of many basic electronic components.

Semi Conductor Symbols

Symbols and Markings

Self Check 7.1.3

II. Essay. (Situational)

III. Draw and label the symbols of a semiconductor.

Answer key Self check 7.1.3

SCORING RUBRIC FOR QUIZZES

JOB SHEET 7.1.3

Maximum power consumption over the whole operating temperature range

Input/output wave shape diagram

Ordering codes for differing packages and performance criteria.

Make your own data sheet of a capacitor.

PERFORMANCE TASK GENERAL RUBRICS

There may be minor

Uses only the

Uses most of the

Uses only relevant

There is effective use

There is precise and