16

20
25

2.2
2.8
3.5

1.9
2.3
1.8

2.9

4.4

1.8
2.0
2.5
2.9
3.5
4.2
4.8

2.3
2.9
3.6
4.3
5.1
6.3
7.1

3.7
4.6
5.8
6.8
8.2
10.0
11.4

5.5
6.9
8.6
10.3
12.3
15.1
17.1

32

2
3

40
50
63
75
90
110
125

1.8
1.9
2.2
2.7
3.1

1.8
2.0
2.3
2.8
3.4
3.9

140

3.5

4.3

5.4

8.0

12.7

19.2

12

160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400

4.0
4.4
4.9
5.5
6.2
6.9
7.7
8.7
9.8

4.9
5.5
6.2
6.9
7.7
8.6
9.7
10.9
12.3

6.2
6.9
7.7
8.6
9.6
10.7
12.1
13.6
15.3

9.1
10.2
11.4
12.8
14.2
15.9
17.9
20.1
22.7

14.6
16.4
18.2
20.5
22.7
25.4
28.6
32.2
36.3

21.9
24.6
27.4
30.8
34.2
38.3
43.1
48.5
54.7

13

450

11.0

13.8

17.2

25.5

40.9

61.5

22

500
560
630
710
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1400
1600
Dn [mm]

12.3
13.7
15.4
17.4
19.6
22.0
24.5
26.9
29.4
34.4
39.2
2 1/2

15.3
19.1
28.4
45.4
17.2
21.4
31.7
50.8
19.3
24.1
35.7
57.2
21.8
27.2
40.2
64.5
24.5
30.6
45.3
27.6
34.4
51.0
30.6
38.2
56.7
33.7
42.0
62.4
36.7
45.9
68.0
42.9
53.5
49.0
61.2
3.2
4
6
10
Presiones nominales PN [bar]
HDPE PE80 DIN 8074 / ISO 4427
Espesor [mm]

68.3

23

6
7
8
9
10
11

14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33

16

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

120

140

160

STD

XS

XXS

2.77

3.73

7.47

2
3

Pipe Thickness [mm], according ASME B36.10M

ASME B36.10M SCHEDULE / IDENTIFICATION

5
6

Size

dext

10

20

30

40

60

80

2.11

2.77

100

1/ 2

21.3

1.65

2.41

3.73

4.78

3/ 4

1
1 1/ 2
2
3

26.7
33.4
48.3
60.3
88.9

1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
2.11

2.11
2.77
2.77
2.77
3.05

2.41
2.9
3.18
3.18
4.78

2.87
3.38
3.68
3.91
5.49

3.91
4.55
5.08
5.54
7.62

0
0
0
0
0

5.56
6.35
7.14
8.74
11.13

2.87
3.38
3.68
3.91
5.49

3.91 7.82
4.55 9.09
5.08 10.15
5.54 11.07
7.62 15.24

13.49 6.02

8.56 17.12

10
11
12
13

114.3

2.11

3.05

4.78

6.02

8.56

11.13

14

5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46

141.3
168.3
219.1
273
323.8
355.6
406.4
457
508
559
610
660
711
762
813
864
914
965
1016
1067
1118
1168

2.77
2.77
2.77
3.4
3.96
3.96
4.19
4.19
4.78
4.78
5.54
6.35
-

3.4
3.4
3.76
4.19
4.57
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
7.92
-

6.35
6.35
6.35
7.92
7.92
7.92
9.53
9.53
9.53
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
-

7.04
7.8
8.38
9.53
9.53
11.13
12.7
12.7
14.27
15.88
15.88
15.88
15.88
15.88
-

6.55
7.11
8.18
9.27
10.31
11.13
12.7
14.27
15.09
17.48
17.48
17.48
19.05
-

10.31
12.7
14.27
15.09
16.66
19.05
20.62
22.23
24.61
-

9.53
10.97
12.7
15.09
17.48
19.05
21.44
23.83
26.19
28.58
30.96
-

15.09
18.26
21.44
23.83
26.19
29.36
32.54
34.93
38.89
-

12.7
14.27
18.26
21.44
25.4
27.79
30.96
34.93
38.1
41.28
46.02
-

20.62
25.4
28.58
31.75
36.53
39.67
44.45
47.63
52.37
-

15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

15.88
18.26
23.01
28.58
33.32
35.71
40.49
45.24
50.01
53.98
59.54
-

6.55 9.53 19.05

7.11 10.97 21.95
8.18 12.7 22.23
9.27 12.7 25.4
9.53 12.7 25.4
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
9.53 12.7
-

36

48

1219

9.53

12.7

5.1 Example of dimensioning compressed air installations

Result is valid for relative air humidity RH 2 = 0 % (instead of 60%) , t2 = 35 C (instead of 30 C)

and ambient local pressure Pi = 0.74 bar (instead of 1 bar)

A result of 225 l/s (FAD) comes from a pressure P = 100 kPa and a temperature of t = 30
For a pressure P = 74 kPa, a temperature of t = 35 C and a relative humidity of RH = 0 %

This equation does not agree with the derived equation nor with the in the w
other equations, the constant 0.25 is
replaced for a pressure. In this case, the value 0.25 should be replaced by
inlet pressure P = 1 bar.

This equation does not agree with the derived equation nor with the in the w
other equations, the constant 0.25 is
replaced for a pressure. In this case, the value 0.25 should be replaced by
inlet pressure P = 1 bar.
So the result would be 6.972 * ( 1/0.25) = 27.89m. See sheet Receiver.

according Atlas Copco, 5.1 kW

[1]

= 35 C (instead of 30 C)

Q=

309

l/s(FAD)

a and a temperature of t = 30 C.
a relative humidity of RH = 0 %, the flow rate is 308.9 l/s (FAD)

on nor with the in the web proposed equations. In all

should be replaced by the value of the compressor's

on nor with the in the web proposed equations. In all

should be replaced by the value of the compressor's
See sheet Receiver.

Compressor system design

[1]

1.- Ambient data

2.- Compressor
3.- After cooler
4.- Air receiver volume
5.- Dryer
6.- Condensed water vapor
7.- Pressure drop

1.- Ambient data

This example is based en Atlas Copco publication [1]
(See Note 1)
Height above sea level
Normal ambient temperature
Maximum ambient temperature
Relative humidity

H=
t=
tmax =
=

2573
20
30
60

m.a.s.l.
C
C
%

Local atmospheric pressure above sea level

p=
101,325* (1 -2,25577E-5 * H)^5,25588
H=
2573
m
p=
74.00
kPa
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/air-altitude-pressure-d_462.html

Pamb =

Ambient pressure

0.74

bar(a)

Note 1. This example could not consider exactly the publication [1], since different equipments do not use allways th

2.- Compressor
Compressed Air Requirement
Consumer
1
2
3

Air flow
12
67
95

Nm3/min
l/s (FAD)
l/s (DAD)

Pressure
6
7
4
Pmax_req =

VN =

12

Nm/min

VN =

720

Nm/h

FAD volume flowrate

V2 =
V1 * (P1 - RH1 * Psat.water_1) / (P2 - RH2 * Psat.water_2)
V1 =

720

P1 =

101,325

bar(g)
bar(a)
bar(g)
6

* (T2 / T1)

Nm3/h
Pa

State 1: Normal air conditions

Dew Point
5
C
5
C
5
C
bar(g)

RH1 =

t1=

Psat.water_1 =

609.6

Pa

P2=

74,000

Pa

RH2 =

State 2: Local ambient air conditions

and also compressor intake conditions

Free air delivery (FAD) is the volume of

0.6

t2=

30

temperature and pressure existing at

Psat.water_2 =

4247.3

Pa

the compressor's intake (state 2).

T2 =

303

T1 =

273

V2 =

1133.16

m3/h (FAD)

V2 =

315

l/s (FAD)

Pressure required
Pmax_req =
6
Patm_Loc =
0.74
Pmax_req =

6.74

air delivered under the conditions of

bar(g)
bar
bar

Pressure losses (sheet DP)

Ploss =
#VALUE! bar
Required compressor pressure
Pc_req =
Pmax_req +DPloss
Pmax_req =

6.74

bar

Ploss =
Pc_req =

#VALUE!

bar

#VALUE!

bar

Pc_req =

#VALUE!

bar(g)

7.5

bar(g)

Let
Pc =

Selected compresor
Qc =
550.0
Pc =
7.5
Qc =

1980.0

l/s FAD
bar(g)
m/h FAD

Compressors discharge temperature

Data
Air specific heat ratio

Discharge temperature
Tdisch =
Tin * ( 1 + ( ((Pdesc/Pin)^((k-1)/k) -1) /

k=

1.4

Compressors efficiency
c =
80
%
Local atmospheric pressure
Patm =
74.00
kPa
Local atmospheric temperature
tatm =
30
C
Compressor manometric discharge pressure
Pout(g) =
7.50
bar (g)

Tin =

303.15

Pin =

74.0

kPa

Pout =
k=
c =

824.0
1.4

kPa
-

0.8

Tdisch =

679

tdisch =

405.5

Help variables
Kelvin units constant
Kelv =
273.15
Tin =
tin + Kelv

tin =

30

Tin =

303.15
Patm

Pin =
Patm =
Pin =
Pout =

74.0000498 kPa
74.0000498 kPa
Pout(g) + Patm

Pout(g) =

750.0

kPa

Patm =

74.00

kPa

Pout =

824.00

kPa

Compressor power
Mass flow rate
Q=

1,258

Nm3/h

With Safety Factor

FS =

1.1

Ambient conditions
Patm =
74.00
tatm =
RH =

30
60

kPa
C
%

Air isentropic exponent

1.4
=
Compressor
Pout(g) =

7.5

bar (g)

Pout(g) =

750

kPa(g)

0.8

Eficiency
c =

Normal density
n=
p / ( R * T)
p=

101,325

R=
T=
n=

286.9
273
1.29

Mass flowrate
m=
Q=
n=
m=
m=

Q*
1,258
1.29
1628
0.4521

Inlet temperature
t1 =
30
T1 =
303.15

Specifice heat
Cp =
AirSpecificHeat_t
Cp =
#VALUE!
Compressor outlet pressure
Pout=
Patm + Pout(g)
Patm =

70.4

Pout(g) =

750

Pout=

820.4

Compressor
Compressor inlet conditions
Height above sea level
Normal ambient temperature
Maximum ambient temperature
Relative humidity

Design FAD flow rate with a

Design normal flow rate
Safety factor on flow rate

H=

2573

m.a.s.l.

t=
tmax =
=

20

30
60

C
%

Pamb =

0.74

bar(a)

Qc =
Qc =
SF =

550.0
1,258
1.1

l/s FAD

c =
Wc =
Wm =

0.8
#VALUE!
185

Nm3/h

Compressor
Compressor eficiency
Compressor power
Compressor motor

3.- After cooler

Approach temperature
Most aftercoolers are sized to cool the air to an
approach temperature of 2.7C to 11C of ambient air temperature,
or water available temperature

2.7 C < tApproach < 11 C

Pressure drop

kW
kW

For the best results, size the aftercooler for a 1 to 2 psi pressure drop.
PAC =
2
psi
PAC =

13.8

kPa

7 kPa < PAfterCooler < 14 kPa

Compressor discharge temperature

tdisch =
405.5
C

After cooler in and out conditions

tAC_air_in =
PAC_air_in =

405.5
Pc_out

Pc_out =

7.5

bar(g)

mAC =

mC

7.5
tw +10

bar(g)

mC =

0.4521

PAC_air_in =
tAC_air_out =

After cooler cooling requirements

Air
QAC =
mAC * hAC

tw : available water temperature

tw =

25

tAC_air_out =

35

For the best results, size the aftercooler

for a 1 to 2 psi pressure drop.
PAC_air =
2
psi
PAC_air =
PAC_air_out =

13.8

kPa

PAC_air_in - PAC_air

PAC_air_in =

7.5

PAC_air =

0.138

bar

PAC_air_out =

7.36

bar(g)

Proceso isobrico a-b

hab =
hb - h a
Proceso isotrmico b-a
hbc =
hc - h b
hbc =

hbc =
hac =

hAC_in =

bar(g)

f(t,P)

Aftercooler outlet
tAC_air_out =
35.0
PAC_air_out =
7.36
hAC_air_in =

C
bar(g)

f(t,P)

bar(g)
This is an isobaric process

Average air specific heat

cp_AC_ave = (cp_AC_in + cp_AC_out) / 2
cp_AC_in =

#VALUE!

kJ/(kg*K)

cp_AC_out =

#VALUE!

kJ/(kg*K)

cp_AC_ave =

#VALUE!

kJ/(kg*K)

Proceso abc
hac =
hab + hbc
hab =

Aftercooler inlet
tAC_air_in =
405.5
PAC_air_in =
7.5

kg/s

hb - h a
0
hb - h a

Air specific enthalpy change

hAC_air = h_AC_in - h_AC-out
hAC_air =

cp_AC_ave * (t_AC_in -t_AC-out)

cp_AC_ave =

#VALUE!

tAC_in =

405.5

tAC_out =

35.0

hAC_air =

#VALUE!

kJ/(kg*K)

KJ/kg

Specific heat at atmospheric pressure

(at sea level)
tAC_in =
cp_AC_in =

405.5
#VALUE!

tAC_out =

35.0

cp_AC_out =

#VALUE!

Air heat flow rate

Hair =
mair *hair
mair =

0.4521

kJ/(kg*K)

Hair =

#VALUE!

KJ/kg

Hair =

#VALUE!

KW

kg/s

kJ/(kg*K)

Aftercooler
After cooler inlet conditions

Air side
Air inlet pressure

PAC_in =

7.5

Air outlet temperature

tAC_in =

405.5

bar(g)
C
Air mass flow rate
Air heat flow rate
Air pressure drop
Water mass flow rate
Water heat flow rate
Water pressure drop

4.- Air receiver volume

Air receiver volume

Air receiver volume (Note 1)

tamb =

30

Pamb =

0.74

bar

f=

cycle/30 s

30

s/cycle

P T
V VN N rcv _ ave
Pop T N

0.5

bar

Qdesign =

DP =
QC =

550.0

l/s FAD

Pin_C =

0.740

bar

tin_C =

30

Tin_C =

303.15

tin_rcv =

tout_AC

tout_AC =

35.0

Tin_rcv =

308.15

1,258
0.349

Application
V=
=
Vn =

* V n * P N/ (
30
0.349

Pn =

1.01325

Pop =

0.5

ATlas Copco formula (See note 1)

Vrec =
0.25 * ( Q / ( fmax * PL_U ) ) * ( Tin_receiver / Tin_comp )
Vrec =
Q=

PL_U =

0.25 * ( Q * / PL_U ) * ( Tin_receiver / Tin_comp )

550

l/s (FAD)

30

s/cycle

0.5

bar

8,386

8.39

273.15

V=

24.0

Isothermic process
trcv_out =
trcv_in

Compresors maximum intake temperature

Tin_Comp =
303.15
K
Vrec =

308.15

Tn =

Reference: normal state

Maximum temperature at the air receiver inlet

Tin_receiver =
308.15
K

Vrec =

Trcv =

trcv_in =

35.0

trcv_out =

35.0

Note(1). This equation correspond to the case

discharge flow when the compressor is fiiling

(Atlas Copco)

For a general case, see:

www.piping-tools.net
Air receivers volume calculation

Note 1

This equation does not agree with the derived equation nor with the in the web proposed eq
constant 0.25 is
replaced by a pressure. In this case, the value 0.25 should be replaced by the value of the
0.74 bar.

Air receiver volume

Air receiver inlet conditions
Air inlet pressure

Prcv_in =

7.362

bar(g)

Air intlet temperature

trcv_in =

35.0

C
Air mass flow rate
Air pressure drop

5.- Dryer
Ambient conditions
tin_C =
35

2.- FAD flow rate (state 2) to Normal flow rate (state 1)

in_C =

60

H=
Pin_C =

1730

m.s.n.m.

0.74

bar

FAD conditions (State 2))

V2 =
1620.00
P2 =

74,000

RH2 =

0.6

t2=

35
f(T2)

tdb =

35

Psat.water_2 =

f=

60

Psat.water_2 =

5629.3

T2 =

308

H=

1730

x=

#VALUE!

Q=

450

l/s FAD

Q=
mdryer =

1620

Nm FAD

0.4521

m.s.n.m.

Normal air conditions (State 1)

P1 =
101,325

kg_w/kg_da

kg/s

The required Dew Point temperature is

tDP =
5
C

RH1 =

t1=

T1 =
Psat.water_1 =

273
f(T1)

Psat.water_1 =

609.6

V1 =

1,001

Normal density
n=
p / ( R * T)
p=
101,325
R=
286.9
T=
273
n=
1.29
m=
V1 =
n=
m=

Water content per kilogram humid air at ambient conditions

kg_w/kg_da

1 kg_da

(1 + x)
Water in (1+x) kilograms of humid air
xha =
x=

x / (1 + x)
#VALUE!

kg_w / kg_ha
kg_w / kg_da

kg_ha

V 1 * N
1,001
1.29
1295

xha =

#VALUE!

kg_w / kg_ha

Water content per kilogram humid air

xha =
#VALUE! kg_w / kg_ha
mw =

xha [kg_w/kg_ha] * m [kg_ha/h]

xha =

#VALUE!

m=
mw =

1295
#VALUE!

kg/h

mw =

#VALUE!

g/s

kg_w / kg_ha
kg_ha / h

Dryer
Dryer inlet conditions

Air side
Air inlet pressure

Pdryer_in =

#VALUE!

Air outlet temperature

tdryer_in =

35.0

bar(g)
C
Air mass flow rate
Air pressure drop
Th amount of water condensates is
Thermal power to be removed

6.- Condensed water vapor

If the afterccoler is a stand alone aftercooler, the water will not be contaminated.

Compressor manufacturers may include aftercoolers within the compressor package.

In general these compressors are referred to as integral aftercoolers. In these case, the water w

The water comming out of the refrigerant dryer wil be contaminated, since this water has been c

7.- Pressure drop

Aftercooler

Pressure drop in th system

[1]

Pressure drops on compresor`s equ

Afterccoler
Air receiver
Oil filter
Refrig.dryer
Dust filter

Total pressure drop in equipmen

Pequip =

Pressure drop in pipes between

compressor exit and consumptio
points (Assumed)
Ppipes =

Total pressure drop

Ploss =
Pequip =
Ppipes =
Ploss =

uipments do not use allways the outputs from previous equipment.

Consumer
1
2
3

Compressor flow rate

Q1 =
315

Air flow
315
67
95

l/s FAD

Q2 =

67

l/s FAD

Q3 =

95

l/s FAD

l/s (FAD)
l/s (FAD)
l/s (DAD)

Pressure
6
7
4

bar(g)
bar(a)
bar(g)

Dew Point
5
5
5

Qreq =

477

l/s FAD

Considerng a safety margin of

SM =

10

The Safety Factor is

SF =

1.1

The compressor flow rate is

SF * Qreq
Qc =
SF =
Qreq =

1.1
477

Qc =

524.4

l/s FAD

Qc =

550.0

l/s FAD

Let,

FAD conditions (State 2))

V2 =
1980.00

m3/h (FAD)

P2 =

74,000

Pa

RH2 =

0.6

t2=

Psat.water_2 =

30
f(T2)

Psat.water_2 =

4247.3

Pa

T2 =

303

Normal air conditions (State 1)

P1 =
101,325 Pa
RH1 =

t1=

T1 =

273
f(T1)

Psat.water_1 =
Psat.water_1 =

609.6

Pa

V1 =

1,258

Nm3/h

esc/Pin)^((k-1)/k) -1) / c ) )

Pa
J/(kg*K)
K
kg/Nm3

Compression ratio
Pout / Pin
r=
Pout=
820.4
Pin=
r=

74.00
11.09

kPa
kPa

Compressor's power
W =m * Cp * T1 / c * ( r^( (-1) / () ) - 1 )

Nm3/h
kg/Nm3
kg/h
kg/s

C
K

m=
Cp =
T1 =
c =
r=
=

0.4521
#VALUE!
303.15
0.8
11.09
1.4

kg/s
kJ/kg
K
-

W=

#VALUE!

kW

From sheet "Motors", selected motor:

W=

185

kW

rSpecificHeat_t
kJ/kg

Note. Selection based on [1]

tlet pressure
kPa
kPa(g)
kPa

Compressor outlet conditions

Design pressure

PC_out =

7.5

Outlet temperature

tC_out =

405.5

bar(g)
C

Compressed air quality from an oil lubricated compressor is regarded as sufficient.

If the after cooler is part of the compressor, the cooling water will be a contaminated
water.
If the cooling occur in an heat exchanger, after the compresion, the cooling water
will be a clean water.

for ideal gases

h
0
P t
T-s diagram

a
s

hw_out =

Water heat flow rate

Hw =
mw *hw
with
hw =

hw_out - hw_in

H2O_Enthalpy_t_p

tw_out =

55

Pw_out =

1.5

hw_out =

230.4

tw_in =

25

Pw_in =

bar

hw =

hw_out - hw_in

hw_in =

105.0

KJ/kg

hw_out =

230.4

hw_in =

105.0

hw =

125.3

Water out temperature

tw_out =
tair_out + App
tair_out =

35

Water heat flow rate

Hw =
mw *hw

20

55

Heat balance
Hair =

Approach
App =
tw_out =

Hw

Water pressure drop

Pw_out =
Pw_in - Pw_AC

Hair =

mw *hw

Hair /hw =

mw
Hair / hw

Pw_in =

bar

mw =

Pw_AC =

0.5

bar

Hair =

#VALUE!

bar

hw =

125.3

mw =

#VALUE!

Pw_out =

1.5

After cooler outlet conditions

Air side
PAC_out =

7.362

bar(g)

Air outlet temperature

tAC_out =

35.0

mair =

0.4521

kg/s

Hair =

#VALUE!

KW

PAC =

13.8

kPa

mw =

#VALUE!

kg/s

This is clean water, because in the heat exchanger there is not

Hw =

#VALUE!

KW

a point were water and air with oil could come in contact

Pw_AC =

0.5

bar

ume (Note 1)

Air outlet pressure

PN Trcv _ ave

Pop T N
Nm /h
3

Nm /s
3

Air receiver pressure drop.

To estimate de pressure drop in
an air reciever, one asssumes
Krcv =
Kin + Kout
Kin =

Kout =

0.5

Karcv =

1.5

Assuming an air velocity

v=

10

m/s

10

For an air temperature

* Vn * PN/ ( Pop) * (Trcv/Tn)
s/cycle
Nm/s
bar
bar

t=
the density is
=
=

AirDensity_t
#VALUE!

The kinematic pressure is

kg/m

PK =

(/2) * v^2

#VALUE!

v=
PK =

20

Krcv =

1.5

PK =

#VALUE!

Prcv =

#VALUE!

Pa

Prcv =

#VALUE!

bar

#VALUE!
The pressure drop is
Krcv * PK
Prcv =

kg/m
m/s
Pa

Receiver outlet pressure

Prcv_out =
Prcv_in - Prcv

quation correspond to the case of zero

when the compressor is fiiling the receiver.

lume calculation

Prcv_in =

7.362

Prcv =

#VALUE!

bar

Prcv_out =

#VALUE!

bar(g)

bar (g)

in the web proposed equations. In all other equations, the

aced by the value of the compressor's inlet pressure P =

er volume
Air receiver outlet conditions
Air outlet pressure

Prcv_out =

#VALUE!

Air outlet temperature

trcv_out =

35.0

mair =

0.4521

kg/s

PAC =

#VALUE!

kPa

tate 2) to Normal flow rate (state 1)

5.- Dryer pressure drop

m3/h (FAD)

Pa

Pdryer =

0.09

bar

bar(g)
C

Assumed value [1]

Pa

Pdryer_out =

Pdryer_in - Pdryer

Pdryer_in =

#VALUE!

ditions (State 1)

Pdryer =

0.09

Pdryer_out =

#VALUE!

bar(g)
bar
bar(g)

Pa
-

Isothermic process
tdryer_out =
tdryer_in

C
K

tdryer_in =

35.0

tdryer_out =

35.0

Pa
Nm3/h

Pa
J/(kg*K)
K
kg/Nm3

Nm3/h

kg/Nm3
kg/h

Water content per kilogram humid air, affter drying

mcond =

mw - mAD

mw =

#VALUE!

mAD =

#VALUE!

mcond =

#VALUE!

mcond =

#VALUE!

%
m.s.n.m.

Vcond =

#VALUE!

The required Dew Point temperature is

tDP =
5
C
The air conditions are
tdb =

f=
100
H=
1730
Absolute humidity
x=
x=
Dew point
tDP =
tDP =

Psychro_AbsoluteHumidity_tdb_HumRel_H

#VALUE!

kg_w/kg_da

Psychro_DewPoint_tdb_HumRel_H
#VALUE!

Th amount of water condensates is

An oill separator for a water flow rate

Vcond =
#VALUE!
has to be considered.

Water cooled dryer

C
The dryer shall condense (# 5.4.1)

Water content per kilogran humis air

xha =
x / (1 + x)
kg_w / kg_ha
x=
xha =

#VALUE!

kg_w / kg_da

#VALUE!

kg_w / kg_ha

m=

The water vapor temperature is

t=
35
From Steamdat
hfg = H2O_VapourisationHeat_t

The amount of water still in air after the

hfg =

drying process is
m_AD =
xha [kg_w/kg_ha] * m [kg_ha/h]
xha =

#VALUE!

m=
m_AD =

1295

m_AD =

#VALUE!
#VALUE!

#VALUE!

2,406

The heat to be removed is

Qremoved =
m * hfg

kg_w / kg_ha

m=

#VALUE!

kg_ha / h

hfg =

2,406

kg/h

Qremoved =

#VALUE!

g/s

Qremoved =

#VALUE!

Dryer outlet conditions

Air side
Air outlet pressure

tdryer_out=

35.00

Air outlet temperature

Pdryer_out=

#VALUE!

mair =

0.4521

kg/s

PAC =

0.09

kPa

#VALUE!

kg/h

ater condensates is
mcond =
to be removed
Qremoved =

bar(g)
C

This is contaminated water

Note.
Atlas Copco modify the design flow rate, afecting

#VALUE!

kW

this value by three coefficientes.

As a result, it comes out with a smallest value.
This correction have not been used, since there is
no available references. (See sheet dryer)

ssor package.
n these case, the water will be contaminated

nce this water has been carried out by an oil contaminated air

essure drops on compresor`s equipment

0.14
#VALUE!
0.08
0.09
0.08

bar
bar
bar
bar
bar

otal pressure drop in equipmentes

#VALUE!

bar

Aftercooler pressure drop [3]

7 [kPa] < PAC < 14 [kPa]

Air receiver pressure drop.

To estimate de pressure drop in
an air reciever, one asssumes
Karcv =
Kin + Kout
Kin =

Kout =

0.5

Karcv =

1.5

ressure drop in pipes between

ompressor exit and consumption
oints (Assumed)
1.1
bar

otal pressure drop

Pequip + Ppipes
#VALUE!

bar

1.1

bar

#VALUE!

bar

Assuming an air velocity

v=
10
For an air temperature
t=
10
the density is
AirDensity_t
=
=

#VALUE!

m/s

kg/m

The kinematic pressure is

PK =
(/2) * v^2
=
v=
PK =

#VALUE!
20
#VALUE!

kg/m
m/s
Pa

The pressure drop is

Karcv * PK
Parcv =
Karcv =

1.5

PK =

#VALUE!

Parcv =

#VALUE!

Pa

Parcv =

#VALUE!

bar

Rev. 30.01.2014

C
C
C

Return

d as sufficient.
a contaminated

cooling water

O_Enthalpy_t_p
C
bar
KJ/kg

KJ/kg
KJ/kg
KJ/kg

KW
KJ/kg
kg/s

Return

Return

ter condensates is

g/s
g/s
g/s
kg/h
l/h

for a water flow rate

l/h

ondense (# 5.4.1)

kg/h

temperature is
C

urisationHeat_t
kJ/kg

kg/h
kJ/kg
kJ/h
kW

Return

he design flow rate, afecting

out with a smallest value.

not been used, since there is

es. (See sheet dryer)

Return

Return

Item
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

Power (HP)
1
1.5
2
3
4
5
5.5
7.5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
75
100
125
150
175
200
250
300
350
400
450
500

Minimum nominal efficiency standard at 100% of nominal full load

(Energy Efficient - least stringent level)
Corresponds to Table 2 in the CAN/CSA C390-1
Energy Efficiency Standard (Percentage)
Power (kW)
Open
Enclos
2 Pole
4 Pole
6 Pole
8 Pole
2 Pole
0.75
75.5
82.5
80
74
75.5
1.1
82.5
84
84
75.5
82.5
1.5
84
84
85.5
85.5
84
2.2
84
86.5
86.5
86.5
85.5
3
84
86.5
86.5
86.5
85.5
3.7
85.5
87.5
87.5
87.5
87.5
4
85.5
87.5
87.5
87.5
87.5
5.5
87.5
88.5
88.5
88.5
88.5
7.5
88.5
89.5
90.2
89.5
89.5
11
89.5
91
90.2
89.5
90.2
15
90.2
91
91
90.2
90.2
19
91
91.7
91.7
90.2
91
22
91
92.4
92.4
91
91
30
91.7
93
93
91
91.7
37
92.4
93
93
91.7
92.4
45
93
93.6
93.6
92.4
93
55
93
94.1
93.6
93.6
93
75
93
94.1
94.1
93.6
93.6
90
93.6
94.5
94.1
93.6
94.5
110
93.6
95
94.5
93.6
94.5
132
94.5
95
94.5
93.6
95
150
94.5
95
94.5
93.6
95
185
94.5
95.4
95.4
94.5
95.4
225
95
95.4
95.4 95.4
260
95
95.4
95.4 95.4
300
95.4
95.4 95.4
335
95.8
95.8 95.4
375
95.8
95.8 95.4

file:///E:/Motores/Electric%20Motors%20%281%20to%20500%20HP_0.746%20to%20375%20kW%29%20_%20Office%20of%

nal full load

-1
ndard (Percentage)
Enclosed
4 Pole
6 Pole
82.5
80
84
85.5
84
86.5
87.5
87.5
87.5
87.5
87.5
87.5
87.5
87.5
89.5
89.5
89.5
89.5
91
90.2
91
90.2
92.4
91.7
92.4
91.7
93
93
93
93
93.6
93.6
94.1
93.6
94.5
94.1
94.5
94.1
95
95
95
95
95
95
95
95
95.4
95
95.4
95
95.4 95.4 95.8 -

8 Pole
74
77
82.5
84
84
85.5
85.5
85.5
88.5
88.5
89.5
89.5
91
91
91.7
91.7
93
93
93.6
93.6
94.1
94.1
94.5
-

%29%20_%20Office%20of%20Energy%20Efficiency.htm

[1]

http://www.atlascopco.dk/Images/CAM_05_CALCULATION_tcm48-705084.pdf

[1a]

Compressed_Air_Manual_tcm46-1249312

[1b]

http://pdf.directindustry.fr/pdf/atlas-copco-compresseurs/manuel-air-comprime-atlas-copco/8358-185247

[2]
Compressed Air Receivers

Calculating receivers in compressed air systems

http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/compressed-air-receivers-d_846.html

[3]

http://www.ecompressedair.com/library-pages/aftercoolers.aspx

tlas-copco/8358-185247-_60.html

Eq. [1] to [6]

Eq. [7] to [10]

Eq. [11] to [13]