Manakula Vinayagar Institute of Technology

(Affiliated to Pondicherry University)

Kalitheerthalkuppam, Mannadipet Commune, Pondicherry 605107.

EC T32 - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Unit-I (Transformers)
Principle of operation Single Phase transformer Equivalent circuit Regulation Losses and
Efficiency Introduction to 3 phase transformers Autotransformers.
PART- A QUESTIONS
1. What is a transformer?
2. Can you apply D.C. supply to a single-phase transformer?
3. What are the main parts of a transformer?
4. How we can identify Primary & Secondary windings?
5. Give the emf equation of a transformer and define each term.
6. Does the transformer draw any current when secondary is open? Why?
7. Why transformers are rated in KVA?
8. What are the applications of step-up and step-down transformers?
9. How transformers are classified?
10. Compare between core and shell type transformer.
13. Define voltage regulation of a transformer.
14. An 1100/400 V, 50 Hz single phase transformer has 100 turns on the secondary winding.
Calculate the number of turns on its primary.
15. What is the function of laminated core?
16. Why the core is laminated?
17. What will be the Primary- secondary turns & EMFs in case of step-down transformers?
18. What are the losses in Transformers?
19. How to eliminate hysteresis & eddy current losses?
20. What is the principle of operation of a transformer?
21. Define efficiency of a transformer?
22. List some applications of some transformer?
23. What are the advantages of 3 transformer over 1 transformer?
24. What are the 3 transformer connections?
29. What are the types of three phase transformer according to construction?
30. Define auto transformer and what principle it works?
31. What is the condition for maximum efficiency in a transformer?
32. Difference between auto transformer & two winding transformer?
33. What is meant by Voltage transformation ratio?
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34. What is meant by ideal transformer and what its properties?

35. What are the advantages of autotransformer?
36. What are the applications of autotransformer?
37. What are the limitations of autotransformer?
38. Draw the equivalent circuit of transformer.
39. Draw the approximate equivalent circuit of transformer.
40. Write the expression for copper saving in step up and step down autotransformer?
PART-B QUESTIONS
1. Describe in detail the construction, principle of operation and EMF equation of a
transformer.
2. State the various losses in a transformer. Define efficiency of a transformer and deduce the
condition for maximum efficiency.
3. Explain the principle of operation of auto transformer in detail and also derive how much Cu
is saved in auto-transformer.
4. Draw and explain about the equivalent circuit of a 1phase transformer and also derive it for
with reference to the primary and secondary.
5. Derive the approximate equivalent circuit of a 1phase transformer and also derive it for with
reference to the primary and secondary.
6. Explain the construction and principle of operation of three phase transformer.
7. A 20 KVA, 2500/500 V, single phase transformer has the following parameters:
H.V.Winding
L.V.Winding
R1=8 & X1=17
R2=0.3 & X2=0.7
Find the voltage regulation and the secondary terminal voltage at full load for a p.f. of
(a) 0.8 lagging (b) 0.8 leading

Unit-II (D.C. MACHINES)

Construction, Principles of operation of DC Generators types -EMF equation No load and Load
characteristics of series and shunt generators DC motor Torque Speed Torque characteristics of
series and shunt motors Speed control methods and application

PART- A QUESTIONS
1. Define a pole pitch.
2. What is the principle of DC motor?
3. What is the principle of DC generator?
4. What are the constructional parts of DC machine?
5. What is the function of brushes in DC machine?
6. Which type of material is used in brushes?
7. What is armature reaction? What are its effects?
8. How to reduce armature reaction?
9. What are the types of armature windings in a DC machine?
10. How can we find out the direction of a DC motor & define Flemings left hand rule?
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11. How can we find out the direction of induced EMF in DC generators? Define Flemings
right hand rule?
12. Define excitation?
13. What are the types of excitations?
14. What is the difference between self and separately excited DC generators?
15. Why O.C.C curve of a DC shunt generator not starts from Zero (or) Origin?
16. What are the types of DC motors?
17. What are the types of DC generators?
18. What are the losses in DC machine?
19. What is the EMF equation of DC generator?
20. List the applications of DC motor?
21. List the applications of DC shunt generator?
22. What is the expression for speed in a DC motor?
23. What is the expression for Torque in a DC motor?
24. What is the use of Swinburnes test?
25. How the direction of the DC motor reversed?
26. List some applications of DC series generator?
27. Define residual e.m.f?
28. What are the conditions for building up of e.m.f in DC shunt generator?
30. What is back e.m.f in D.C motors?
31. Write the voltage equation of a D.C. motor?
32. What is the commutator and what its function?
33. What are the important characteristics of dc motors?
34. What are the necessary conditions for the generator to be self-excited?
PART-B QUESTIONS
1. Explain the construction, principle of operation of D.C. generator.
2. Explain E.M.F. equation of D.C. generators and also explain the load characteristics of series
and shunt generators.
3. Explain the operation of D.C. generator and also derive its EMF equation.
4. Explain the working operation of D.C. motor and also derive its torque equation.
5. Explain the torque-speed characteristics of DC shunt and DC series motor with derivation
and justify their shape.
6. What are the factors that affect the speed of a DC motor and hence suggest various methods
of speed control of dc shunt motor and compare their merits and demerits?
7. Explain the speed control methods of D.C. motor.

Unit-III (A.C. MACHINES)

Principle of operation of 3-phase Induction Motor Torque, slips characteristics- Speed control
methods Single-phase Induction motor starting methods Principle of operation of Alternators.

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PART- A QUESTIONS
1. What is a three phase induction motor?
2. How does 3 phase induction motor differ from the DC machine?
3. What are different parts of a 3 phase induction motor?
4. What is the principle of an Induction motor?
5. List out the types of induction motors according to rotor construction?
6. Why it is called as Induction motor?
7. List the main parts of an Induction Motor?
8. What is slip & Percentage Slip?
9. List the applications of Squirrel cage Induction Motor?
10. List the applications of Slip Ring Induction Motor?
11. List the types of Single Phase Induction Motors?
12. List the applications of Single Phase Induction Motors?
13. Induction Motor can be treated as a Rotating Transformer. Why?
14. What is pole pitch?
15. How we can make a Single Phase Induction Motor as a Self starting Motor?
16. What is the condition for Maximum Starting Torque?
17. What are the windings in single Phase Induction Motor?
18. What is the principle of operation of three Phase Induction Motor?
19. What are End rings?
20. What is meant by Synchronous Speed?
21. What is RMF?
22. What is the formula Frequency of Rotor Current?
23. List the types of 3Phase Induction Motor Starters?
24. What are the Speed controls Methods of 3phase Induction Motor?
25. Why the Stator Core is laminated in 3Phase Induction Motor & specifies its thickness?
26. What are the limitations of shaded pole single phase induction motor?
27. Why the Rotors of Induction Motor are skewed?
28. Where the coppers bars & double layer windings are placed in an Induction Motors?
29. List the differences between Squirrel Cage & Slip Ring Induction Motors?
30. What is the use of Centrifugal switch in 1phase Induction Motors?
31. What is the use of shading coil in the shaded pole motor?
32. Why capacitor start induction motors advantageous?
33. List out 4 applications of shaded pole induction motor?
34. Is single phase induction motor self-starting? Why?
35. How to start squirrel cage motor?
36. Define voltage regulation of alternator.
37. What are the two types of rotors used in alternator?
38. What are the applications of alternator?

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PART-B QUESTIONS
1. Explain the principle of operation of a 3 phase induction motor and give the advantages of
the same.
2. Explain about torque-slip characteristics of induction machine and also derive its torque
equation.
3. Explain in detail with necessary diagrams the three methods used for starting three phase
squirrel cage induction motor.
4. Discuss in detail the various methods by which speed control of induction motor is achieved.
5. Explain the different starting methods of single phase induction motor with suitable
diagrams.
6. Explain in briefly about single phase shaded pole induction motor.
7. Explain the principle of operation of single phase induction motor.

Unit-IV (SPECIAL MACHINES)

Servo motor DC and AC servomotors; stepper motors variable reluctance and
permanent magnet stepper motors; single phase synchronous motor reluctance motor and
hysteresis motor universal motor Repulsion motor synchronous motor.
PART- A QUESTIONS
1. What is servomotor?
2. What are the types of servo motor?
3. Give some applications of Servo motor.
4. How universal motor different from dc series motor?
5. Define stepper motor.
6. Define step angle.
7. State the applications of stepper motor.
8. What are the types of stepper motor?
9. What are the advantages of variable reluctance stepper motor?
10. Define holding torque.
11. Compare variable reluctance and permanent magnet stepper motor.
12. What is universal motor and what are its features?
13. Give the application of universal motor.
14. State the advantage of universal motors.
15. State the disadvantage of universal motor.
16. Give the types of universal motor.
17. Write the applications of synchronous motor?
18. List four applications of reluctance motors.
19. What is hybrid stepper motor?
20. What are the advantages of hybrid stepper motor?
21. What are the disadvantages of hybrid stepper motor?

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22. What are the different modes of excitation in a stepper motor?

23. What is meant by full step operation?
24. What is meant by half step operation?
25. What are the advantages of reluctance motor?
26. Write some advantages of hysteresis motor over induction motor?
27. Write some applications of hysteresis motor?
28. State the limitations of the reluctance motor.
PART-B QUESTIONS
1. Explain about the different types of stepper motor.
2. Explain about synchronous motor and its V curve & inverted V curve.
3. Explain repulsion motor principle and also explain the types of repulsion motor.
4. Discuss about the reluctance motor and hysteresis motor.
5. Explain briefly about the construction of AC and DC servo motors.
6. Write short notes on
(a) Universal motor
(b) Linear induction motor

Unit-V (UTILISATION)
Domestic wiring principle of electrical heating The laws of illumination Electric lamps
Photometers Electroplating Electric Traction Air conditioning Earthing.
PART- A QUESTIONS
1. What is meant by air conditioning?
2. What are the types of air conditioning system?
3. What are the processes involved in air conditioning?
4. Define plane angle.
5. What is radian?
6. What is solid angle?
7. Define Mean horizontal candle power [MHCP].
8. Define LUX.
9. Define Lumen.
10. Define illumination.
11. Define Mean Spherical candle power. [MSCP]
12. Define Mean Hemispherical candle power. [MHSCP]
13. What are the two laws of illumination?
14. State Inverse square law.
15. State Lamberts cosine law.
16. Define Luminous Intensity.
17. What are the various types of arc lamps?
18. What are the advantages of dielectric heating?
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19. Mention any two advantages of electrical heating

20. What is meant by electric traction?
21. What are the types of electric traction?
22. State any two advantages of electric traction.
23. Define electro plating
24. What are the uses of electro plating?
25. What is meant by photometer?
26. How light sources are classified?
27. What is meant by earthing? What are its types?
PART-B QUESTIONS
1. (a) Explain domestic wiring in detail.
(b) Explain the principle of electrical heating.
2. Explain electroplating and electric traction.
3. Explain the laws of illumination and explain the different lightings that are implemented.
4. Explain the principle of operation of air condition and explain the different types of air
conditioning.
5. Explain in detail about different types of earthing.
6. Explain the working principle of photo-meter.
7. Write short notes on:
(a) Stair case wiring
(b) Fluorescent tube wiring
8. Define the following terms.
(a) Lamp efficiency
(b) Space height ratio
(c) Reflection factor
(d) Absorption factor
(e) Coefficient of utilization and
(f) Illumination

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