A policy is a deliberate system of principles to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes.

A
policy is a statement of intent, and is implemented as a procedure or protocol. Policies are generally
adopted by the Board of or senior governance body within an organization whereas procedures or
protocols would be developed and adopted by senior executive officers. Policies can assist in
both subjective and objective deciSodium /sodim/[4] is a chemical element with symbol Na (from
Greek ) and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silver-white, highly reactive metal. In the Periodic
table it is in column 1 (alkali metals), and like the other six elements in that column, it has a single
electron in its outer shell that it readily donates, creating a positively charged atoma cation. Its only
stableisotope is 23Na. The free metal does not occur in nature, but must be prepared from
compounds. Sodium is the sixth most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and exists in
numerous minerals such as feldspars, sodalite and rock salt (NaCl). Many salts of sodium are highly
water-soluble: sodium ions have been leached by the action of water from the Earth's minerals over
eons; sodium and chlorine are the most common dissolved elements by weight in the oceans.
Sodium was first isolated by Humphry Davy in 1807 by the electrolysis of sodium hydroxide. Among
many other useful sodium compounds, sodium hydroxide (lye) is used in soap manufacture,
and sodium chloride (edible salt) is a de-icing agent and a nutrient for humans and cattle.
Sodium is an essential element for all animals and some plants. Sodium ions are the major cation in
the extracellular fluid(ECF) and as such are the major contributor to the ECF osmotic pressure and
ECF compartment volume. Loss of water from the ECF compartment increases the sodium
concentration, a condition called hypernatremia. Isotonic loss of water and sodium from the ECF
compartment decreases the size of that compartment in a condition called ECF hypovolemia.
sion making. Policies to assist in subjective decision making would usually assist senior
management with decisions that must consider the relative merits of a number of factors before
making decisions and as a result are often hard to objectively test e.g. work-life balance policy. In
contrast policies to assist in objective decision making are usually operational in nature and can be
objectively tested e.g. password policy.[1]
The term may apply to government, private sector organizations and groups, as well as
individuals. Presidential executive orders,corporate privacy policies, and parliamentary rules of
order are all examples of policy. Policy differs from rules or law. While law can compel or prohibit
behaviors (e.g. a law requiring the payment of taxes on income), policy merely guides actions toward
those that are most likely to achieve a desired outcome.[citation needed]
Policy or policy study may also refer to the process of making important organizational decisions,
including the identification of different alternatives such as programs or spending priorities, and
choosing among them on the basis of the impact they will have. Policies can be understood as
political, managerial, financial, and administrative mechanisms arranged to reach explicit goals. In
public corporate finance, a critical accounting policy is a policy for a firm/company or an in