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Yk

trS w f p Of - 14

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trS w f p Of - 14

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qvdkif;eaAGeD;

trS w f p Of - 14

M
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trS w f p Of - 14

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carmif;awmpaom aus;&Gmrsm;&Sd bke;f BuD;ausmif;rsm;odYk
Ak't
cgawmfaeYrsm;wGif qGr;f [if;rsm;udk ud,
k w
f ikd o
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vSL'gef;cJMh uNyD;? tcsdKUaomcsif;vlBuD; olrrsm;rSm Oykof
oDvrsm; oGm;a&mufaqmufwnfcMhJ uonf/ xdu
k mvwGif
odik ;f usyf&mG teD;&Sd trf;om;&GmESihf &Gma[mif;aus;&Gm&Sd
&Gmol&mG om;rsm;vnf; xdek nf;wlpmG yifjzpfonf/
odYk odik ;f usyfaus;&GmESihf trf;om;aus;&GmrS
csif;wdik ;f &if;om;wdo
Yk nf &cdik w
f ikd ;f &if;om;wdYk aus;&Gm&Sd
bke;f awmfBu;D ausmif;rsm;odYk qGr;f [if;rsm;uyfvLS &if; Oykof
oDv aqmufwnfMuaom umvonf aumZmou&mZf
1270-ckEpS f (c&pfEpS -f 1908)cefo
Y Ykd a&mufvmaomtcg
wGif trf;om;aus;&GmESihf odkif;usyfaus;&GmMum;rS
awmifEiS ahf jrmuf oG,w
f ef;aeaom tv,fawmifzsm;
ydik ;f trf;om;&GmteD;&Sd awmifuek ;f av;ay:wGif ausmif;
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f &mawmf OD;,
udk yifNh yD;ud;k uG,Ef ikd Mf uav\/

trS w f p Of - 14

33

OD;,
/
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,/
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MuNy;D rdrw
d Ykd vSLEkid af om tvSLypn;f rsm;udk apwemo'g
xufoefpmG vSLwef;Muav\/ odYk odik ;f usyfe,f\
yxr Ak'o
moemjyKaom &cdik q
f &mawmfonf jrefrm
ou&mZf 1288-ckESpf (c&pfESpf-1926)cefYwGif ysHvGef
awmfrlav\/ xdktcg csif;&GmoHk;&GmwdkY yl;aygif;NyD;
bke;f BuD;ysHyu
JG kd trf;&GmteD; v,fuiG ;f jyifwiG f pnfpnf
um;um; usif;ycJMh uav\/ q&mawmf\ td;k td;k udk
ausmif;\ ajrmufbuf axmifw
h iG f *loiG ;f xm;ay;Muonf/
q&mawmfBuD;ysHveG af wmfrNl yD;aemuf trf;om;
aus;&GmESihf &Gma[mif;aus;&Gmvnf; uyfa&m*g wdaYk Mumifh
NyKd uGcJ Jh&av\/ usefaom tdraf jcpktrsm;pkrmS odik ;f usyf
aus;&GmbufodkY ajymif;a&GUvmMuonf/ aemufqHk;
odik ;f usyef ,f&dS csi;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;\/ omoema&;onf
10 ESpfcefYaysmufuG,fcJh&NyD; jrefrmou&mZf 1298
(c&pfESpf-1936) ckESpfodkY a&mufaomtcg odkif;usyf
e,fwiG f omoemjyK&ef &[ef;wpfyg; a&mufvmonf/
xd&k [ef;awmf\ bGUJ awmfrmS OD;okrejzpfNyD; trsm;u
ya';q&m[k ac:Muonf/
OD;okre(c)ya';q&m/
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,aeY od r f a wmf & muk e f ; wG i f od k i f ; usyf & G m om;ES i f h
awmif&Snfjyif&Gmom;wdkYu opf0g;rsm;udk pkaqmif;
awmausmif;i,f wpfaqmif aqmufay;xm;Muonf/
xd&k [ef;awmfonf odik ;f usyfaus;&GmESihf awmif&n
S jf yif
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awmif&n
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jzpfMuaom qvdik ;f ivSatmif? qvdik ;f eDvaS tmif?
qvdik ;f ZeDatmif wdjYk zpfMuonf/
ya';q&m &[ef;awmfonf odik ;f usyfe,fwiG f
jrefrmou&mZf 1298-ckEpS rf S 1305-ckEpS f (c&pfEpS f 1936
csif ; a&mif j cnf A k ' " r r * Z if ;

rS 1943) txd 7 ESpfcefY omoemjyKNyD;aemuf

&efwikd "f gwfawmif&dS bke;f BuD;ausmif;wGif ausmif;xdik &f ef
jyef<uawmfral omtcg xdak usmif;wGif ysHveG af wmfro
l mG ;
onftxd oDwif;oH;k awmfrcl o
hJ nf/ xd&k [ef;awmf\
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&[ef;BuD;onf &efwikd af us;&GmodYk jyefomG ;NyD; aemuf
3-ESpcf eft
Y Mum jrefrmou&mZf 1309-ckEpS f (c&pfEpS -f
1947) wGif odik ;f usyaf us;&GmteD;&Sd &cdik w
f ikd ;f &if;om;rsm;
aexdik Mf uom NydKif;awmaus;&GmrS &cdik Of ;D yi;f pEm0&
trnf&dS OD;yi;f wpfyg; a&mufvm\/ xdOk ;D yi;f onf
odik ;f usyef ,fwiG f omoemjyKvdak Mumif; &Gmol&mG om;rsm;
ud k wd k i f y if a omtcg od k i f ; usyf a us;&G m ES i f h
awmif&Snfjyifaus;&Gmr SvlMuD;olrrsm;jzpfMuaom
qvdik ;f armifq;kd ESihf qvdik ;f ieD;? qvdik ;f xGe;f vSatmifwYkd
wdkifyif awmif&Snfjyif aus;&GmteD;&Sd rdausmif;&D
awmifuek ;f wGif wnfaqmufMuonf/ ausmif;aqmif
aqmuf&eftwGuf opf0g;rsm;udk csif;&GmESp&f mG &Sd &Gmol&mG
om;rsm;uukov
kd t
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u
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k &d Ny;D ausmif;aqmifNy;D
aomtcg OD;yi;f pEm0&onf xdak usmif;wGif pwif
ausmif;xkid f avonf/
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D rsm;rSm qvdik ;f pdeBf uD;? qvdik ;f pdeaf cs? qvdik ;f
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"g;jy0ifwu
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zdtm;ay;rIuckd aH e&aomtcsdef jzpfonf/

trS w f p Of - 14

34

csif;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;&ifxJwGif Ak'omoem
rndK;EGr;f apvdak om &nf&,
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ausmif;rSm &GmESit
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0&twGuf pdeaf c:rIwpf&yfw;kd vmav\/ awmifuek ;f
ay:wGif ausmif;xdik pf Of "g;jywdu
k cf &H aom OD;yi;f pEm
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Ykd if;Ny;D awmifn
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qvdkif;pdefBuD;ESifh qvdkif;pdefacswdkY nDtpfudkESpfOD;u
aumif;pGm&dyrf ad vonf/aemufq;kH xdo
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rodcif ausmif;rSxu
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f w
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S pjyKvmaom
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odik ;f usyfe,frS Ak'o
moemonf wPSmwnf[
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om,mrIav; wpfcw
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odkYaomf odkif;usyfol? odkif;usyfom;wdkY&ifxJwGif
Ak'u
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rdr&d yf&mG teD;wGif bke;f awmfBuD;ausmif; r&Sad omfjim;vnf;
a&S;bd;k bGm;rsm;vrf;pOfuykd if vdu
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a&mufvmaomaMumifh a&S;bd;k bGm;rsm;uJo
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&cdik w
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f v
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ckE S p f ? wef a qmif r k e f ; vjynf h 3-11-1979 wG i f
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csif ; a&mif j cnf A k ' " r r * Z if ;

ausmufwef;&Gm? xdrk S trf;zsm;aus;&Gmudk jzwfNy;D odik ;f usyf

aus;&GmodYk <uvmaom csi;f wdik ;f &if;om; vvfapmrsKd ;EG,f
ud,
k &f ifBuD; t&Sief Ed,
onf odik ;f usyaf us;&GmodYk a&muf
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f iG f a&mufaeNy;D jzpfonf/ xdk
tcg odik ;f usyaf us;&Gm&Sd qvdik ;f xGe;f atmifausmu
f ud&k ifBuD;
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aomtcg udk&ifBuD;vnf; xdq
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'umBuD;qvdik ;f xGe;f atmifausmf tdrw
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udk?naetcsdefwGif &yf&Gm&Sd&Gmol&Gmom;rsm;uvm
\
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w&m;awmfudkem,lMuNyD;aemuf udkf&ifBuD;ESifh pum;
vufqakH jymaeMupOf ud&k ifBuD;onf rif;jym;NrdKUteD;&Sd
vvfapmcsi;f rsKd ;EG,pf w
k Ykd aexdik af om olaX;uke;f aus;&Gm
ZmwdjzpfaMumif;odvu
kd Mf u&\/
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rsm;onf pum;pyfrdMuaomtcg &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;u
ud&k ifBuD;taMumif;udk od&ouJo
h Ykd ud&k ifBuD;uvnf;
odik ;f usyfaus;&Gm\ Ak'o
moemtaMumif;udk odvu
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onf okid ;f usyaf us;&GmwGif omoemjyK
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ud&k ifBuD; e Ed,
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qvdik ;f aomMumjzL? qvdik ;f armifoed ;f wdYk jzpfonf/ odYk
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topfux
kd akd e&m&Sd uHah umfyifBuD; ESpyf ifMum;wGiw
f nf
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kd nf;uHah umfNrKd if
onf
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odik ;f usyfuahH umfNrdKif ausmif;wGi (f 2) ESpo
f w
D if;oH;k

trS w f p Of - 14

35

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odYk odik ;f usyf&mG ol? &Gmom;rsm;u oabm
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ESihf &if;ES;D aom&cdik q

f &mawmfO;D okE& onfvnf; ptif;&Gm wlaomaMumihf q&mawmf OD;okE& uvnf; wdik ;f &if;
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odkif;usyfq&mawmf OD;okE&ESifh NydKif;awmfq&mawmf
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&kef;uefMudK;pm;rI tcuftcJwkdUukd od&Sdawmfrlojzifh
]ighaMumihf ighukdtrSDjyK ow0gwdkU ryifyef;oifh} [k
ESvHk;oGif;cJhonf/ oem;u&kPm&SdcJhonf/rdrdxlaxmif
fcJhaom ausmif;wkduf MuD;\ t&SnfwnfwHha&;udk
vnf; obm0ususoHk;oyfvsuf Mo0g'ay;cJhonf/
]bkef;MuD;ao &Gmausrjzpfygap ESifh} [k twdtvif;
jywfjywfom;om;xdxdrdrda&;om;xkwfjyefawmfrlcJh\/
rdrd\vuf&if;wynfh oHCmawmfrsm;? 'um?'umr
rsm;ukdomru tjcm;aom ausmif;wkduf rsm;udkyg
udprrsm; 'kuryGm;ap&ef owday;cJhonf/
owday;csufrsm;ukdzwf&I&avav? q7m
awmfbk&m;MuD;\ u&kPmw&m;ESifh tajrmftjrifwkdU
udk MunfndKrqHk; jzpf&avyifwnf;/
0Jy sHq&mawmf ysHvGe fa wmfr rlr D 5ESp ft csde fu
a&;om; awmfr lcJha om owda y;pmwrf;awmf
1/
**Fg,rkemeH
orm*rXmaebd-[laom
t|uxmESifhtnD t&mXme[lorQ wpfom;wnf;
nDnGwfMuukef&monf/

udk,fhpdwfudk csrf;omatmifrxm;wwf
ao;&if bGJUxl;*kPfxl;awG
b,favmufyJ&&? bmynmrS
r&dSao;bl;vdkUyJ rSwfvdkufyg/
t&Si fZeumbd0 Ho

2/
trIudpt00ukdjyKvkyfMu&m wpfrd0rf;wGi;f
nDtpfukd&if;odkh csdKompGmwkdifyif jyKvkyMf ujyD;
omoemhtusdK;ukd onfykd;Muyg/
3/
bke f;MuD;aoonfht cg
pmcspmwuf
rysufa p&ef?
wD;rIwf{,OfusL;?
yGJvrf; rsm;
rjyKvky fMubJ 3&uft wG i f; urXmef; &IMujyD;
zkwfMuOf; oj*FdKvf vkd ufMuyg/ t&dk;jymus atmif
rD; &IdUyg/ igwkdh q&m tpOft qufu twkdif;
aqmif&Gufy gonf/
bk e f;MuD;ao
&Gmaus
rjzpfy gapESi fh/
4/
ausmif;wkdufonfwpfvufxufompnf;vHk;
pnfum;jyD; ESpfvufxuf oHk;vufxufusawmh
ysufjyKef;uGJjym;ukefyga&m[kolwmumwkdU ajymprSwf
rjzpfatmif txl;owdxm; aexkdifMuygukef/
5/
pmukdausmif;wkdufoHCmESifh'g,umwkUd tm;
zwfMum;jyygav/
6/
bkef;MuD;ysHtwGuf ausmif;awGudk yifv
h Qif
ulaiGonf;cHyg[k xnfha7;&ef/
7/
bkef;MuD;u olUtwGufajymwm/ igwkUd
MudKufovdk vkyfMupkdU[k rjzpfygapESifh/
ok'E
usrf;udk;
1/
armfvjrdKif 'kdif;0efuGif;? vrf;opf&yfae tbkd;OD;
jymzl;\ ajymjycsufrsm;/
2/
tHhausmfa&;om;jyKpkaom &wembHkjrihfausmif;
wkduf?ESpfwpf&mc&D;ESifharmfvjrdKifjrdKU,Ofaus;rIorkdif;ed'gef;
yxrtMudrf?'DZifbm? 1986ckESpf? tkyf a& 3000/

54

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-

55

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(
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()

()

()

--

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56

Living Color

( )

-
-

57

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()

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58

M
vlrsKd;pkrsm; raysmufu G,fa &;
a&TBwd*H armif pH
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd; 100ausmf&Sdonf/jrefrmwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;wpfpkcsif;pD
wGif udk,fydkif&dk;&m "avhxHk;pHrsm;? pum;ESifh
pmay*Dwrsm;?,Ofaus;rIrsm;&SdMuygonf/wdkif;&if;
om;vlrsKd;toD;oD;\&dk;&m,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHESifh
pum;rsm;?pmay*Dwrsm;onfif;wkdif;&if;om;rsm;
udkudk,fpm;jyKaomoauFwrsm;?trSwfonmrsm;?
wHqdyfrsm;?yHk&dyfrsm;jzpfMuygonf/ vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;\
oauFw? trSwfwHqdyfESifh yHk&dyfrsm;onf
xdkvlrsKd;wdkY\ &SifoefrIESifh BuD;us,fjrifhjrwfrI
edrdwfvuPmrsm;jzpfonf/ urmay:wGif
,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHrsm;?oauFwrsm;?trSwfwHqd
yfrsm;ESifhedrdvuPmyHk&dyfrsm;aysmufqHk;oGm;ojzifh
uG,fjrKyfaysmufqHk;oGm;aom vlrsKd;rsm; rsm;pGm
&Sdaeygonf/ xdkYtwl jrefrmEkdifiHwGifvnf;
vlenf;pkom&Sdaom wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;onf
aysmufuG,foGm;rnfhtajctaeodkYa&muf&SdaeygjyD/
vlrsKd;pkwpfpkaysmufuG,fjcif;ESifh aysmuf
uG,frnfhtajctaeodkYa&mufaejcif;onf
1/
rdrdwdkY\,Ofaus;rI?pum;?pmayESifh*Dwrsm;?
&dk;&m"avhxHk;pHrsm;udkjrwfEdk;cifwG,frI?wefzdk;xm;rI
r&Sdjcif;?
2/
rdrdwdkY\,Ofaus;rI?pum;? pmayESifh*Dw
rsm;?&dk;&m"avhxHk;pHrsm;onf acwftajctaeESifh
udkufnDrIr&Sdawmhjcif;?

3/vlrsKd;pkrsm;\tcuftcJrsm;udk ulnDajz
&Sif;ay;NyD;? vlrsKd;pkrsm; a&&Snf&yfwnfEdkif&ef yHhydk;
ay;Edkifaomtpdk;&ESifh tzGJUtpnf;rsm; r&Sdjcif;wdkY
aMumifh[k a,bk,stm;jzifh oHk;oyfrdygonf/
xdkif;EdkifiH? csif;rdkifNrdKUe,fwGif awmifwef;
rsm;ay:aexdkifaom rkef;vlrsKd;rsm;&SdMuonf/if;
vlrsKd;rsm;onf acwfumv tajctae t&yf&yf
aMumifh&yfwnf&ef cufcJvmcJhMuonf/aemufqHk;
wGif vlrsKd;aysmufrnfh tajctaeodkYyif a&muf&Sd
vmcJhonf/xdktajctaeudktpdk;&odatmifBudK;pm;
cJhonf/,cktcg xdkif;tpdk;&u OD;aqmifum rkef;
vlrsKd;rsm;&Sifoef&yfwnfa&;ESifhrkef;vlrsKd;rsm;zGHUNzdK;
wdk;wufa&;rsm;udk pepfwuspDrHaqmif&GufcJhMu
onf/,cktcg rkef;vlrsKd;wdkY\ awmifay:&Gmav;
onf urmvSnfhc&D;oGm;rsm;\ tyef;ajz&mXme
wpfckjzpfvmNyD;? aeYpOf urmvSnfhc&D;oGm;rsm;jzifh
pnfum;aeaom ae&mwpfckjzpfonf/ rkef;vlrsKd;
rsm;\
,Ofaus;rIrsm;?
"avhxHk;pHrsm;vnf;
zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufvmcJhNyD;? vlrsKd;wpfpk\ vufrItEk
ynmvuf&mrsm;jzifh urmvSnfhc&D;oGm;rsm;udk qGJ
aqmifxm;EdkifcJhonf/ rkef;vlrsKd;wdkY\ ,Ofaus;rI
"avhxHk;pHrsm; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufvmonfESifh trQ
rkef;vlrsKd;wdkY\ aexdkif&yfwnfrIonf "avhxHk;pHr
ysuf tqifajyacsmarGUvmcJh\/ udk,fydkifpmoif
ausmif;rsm;? udk,fydkiftEkynmrsm;? udk,fydkif,Of
aus;rIrsm;? udk,fydkifvufrIynmrsm;jzifh rkef;vlrsKd;
wdkYonf urmhtv,fwGif xnf0gpGm&SifoefaeEdkif
cJhNyDjzpfonf/
csif;rdkifNrdKUrS rkef;vlrsKd;rsm;\&Gm pma&;ol
twGuf tjrifopfrsm;?tawG;opfrsm;?rsm;pGm&cJhyg
onf/rkef;vlrsKd;rsm;onf
1/,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHrsm;udk xdef;odrf;
wwfap&ef? cspfcifjrwfEdk;wwfap&ef tpdk;&tzGJU
tpnf;rsm;\ tultnDrsm;udk &&Sdjcif;?

59

2/acwftajctaeESifhrudkufnDawmhonfh
,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHESifhpmayrsm;udkjyefvnfqef;
opfwDxGifay;Edkifjcif;?
3/tpdk;&tqufqufwdkY\ tav;xm;
ulnDaxmufyHhrIudk?&&SdcJhjcif;wdkYaMumifh rkef;vlrsKd;wkdY
udk,fydkif,Ofaus;rI?
udk,fydkif"avhxHk;pHrsm;jzifh
,aeYwdkif &Sifoef&yfwnfaeEdkifjcif; jzpfaMumif;
udkvnf;avhvmoHk;oyfrdcJhonf/
pma&;olonf Armzcif?csif;rdcifwdkYrSarG;zGm;vm
olwpfOD;jzpfonf/pma&;oludk tarhZmwd csif;vl
rsKd;rsm;aexdkif&m csif;&Gmav;wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf/
pma&;olwdkY&Gmonf csif;vlrsKd;rsm;\ &dk;&m"avh
xHk;pHrsm;xGef;um;aom&Gmav;jzpfonf/csif;vlrsKd;
wdkY\"avhxHk;pHrsm;xJwGifewfylaZmfjcif;t,ltq?
vdyfjymwufjcif;t,ltqrsm;udkrl?,aeYwdkiftpOf
tvmjyKvkyfavh&SdMuonf/ pma&;olwdkY&GmrS csif;
vlrsKd;rsm;onf rd&dk;zvm&dk;&m,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pH
rsm;udktpOftvmtwdkif;usifhoHk;vkyfaqmifaeMu
aomfvnf;?,HkMunfudk;uG,f&mtjzpf?Ak'bmomudk
om ,HkMunfudk;uG,fMuonf/ csif;vlrsKd;rsm;onf
&dk;om;yGifhvif;NyD;? wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;? qufqHMu&m
wGif rdom;pknDtpfudkarmifESrrsm;yrmcspfcif&if;ESD;
pGmqufqHwwfMuonf/csif;vlrsKd;rsm;onf0dkif;0ef;
vkyfaqmifwwfaom tavhtxudkjrwfEdk;Mu\/
tdrfwpftdrfwGif v,f&dwfjcif;paomvkyfief;rsm;&Sd
ygu tdrfeD;em;csif;tdrfrsm;u 0dkif;0ef;umulnD
vkyfudkifay;Muonf/ulnDvkyfudkifay;Muolrsm;udk
tdrf&Sifrsm;u? tpm;taomufrsm;jzifh {nfhcHauR;
arG;Mu&onf/ Munfh&onfrSm? tvSLwpfckudkvkyf
aeouJhodkYyif? wlvSygonf/ csif;vlrsKd;wdkYwGif
tqifhtwef; cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;r&Sday/ xdkYaMumifh
xrif;pm;Mu&m? a'gif;vef; wpfck wnf;wGif
xrif;[if;rsm;yHkxnfhum vuf&nfwjyifwnf;
pm;aomufMuaom cspfp&m"avhwpfckvnf; csif;
vlrsKd;wdkYwGif&Sdonf/,cktcgpma&;olwdkY&GmwGifcsif;

&dk;&m"avhxHk;pHrsm;wpfpwpfpaysmufqHk;vm
onfudk awGUjrifae&onf/
,aeYacwfcsif;vlrsKd;tcsdKhonf?csif;pum;
udkrajymMuawmhay/csif;pum;ajym&rnfudk &Sufp
&mwpfck[kxifrSwfvmMuavNyD/ xdkuJhodkY jzpfvm
&jcif;\t"dutaMumif;rSm csif;vlrsKd;rsm; tod
PfrzGHUNzdK;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ todPfedrfhus
aom vlrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pH
rsm;udk wefzdk;xm;jrwfEdkf;&aumif;rSef; rodEdkifay/
acwfpepfESifhtnD rdrdwdkY\,Ofaus;rI "avhxHk;pH
rsm;udk ajymif;vJoifhonfrsm; ajymif;vJ&ef rod
EdkifMuay/ rdrdwdkY\ ,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHrsm;udk
acwfaemufusonf[kom raumif;jrifavh&SdMu
onf/ ynm&nfedrfhusaom vlrsKd;pkrsm;onf
ywf0ef;usif\&dkufcwfrI'Pfudk cHEdkif&nfr&SdMuay/
ywf0ef;usif&dkufcwfrI'Pfrsm;xJwGif
1/ vlrsKd;BuD;0g'\ zdESdyfcs,fvS,fcH&jcif;?
2/bmomt,l0g'ESifhzdESdyfum ,Ofaus;rI
"avhxHk;pHrsm;udk csKyfcs,fcH&jcif;wdkYonf t"du
ta&;ygaom taMumif; &if;rsm;jzpfonf/
1/vlrsKd;BuD;0g'\ zdESdyfcs,fvS,fcH&jcif;/
pma&;olwdkY&Gmonf NrdKUESifh oHk;zmvHkom
omcefYoma0;uGmonf/tcsKdUaomNrdKUay:rSvlrsm;
onfpma&;olwdkY &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;udk cspfcifjzpf
ap? paemufvdkjzpfap ]]csif;ykyf}}ac:a0:jcif;?
]]acG;om;pm;aomcsif;ykyfawG}}[kESdrfhcsajymqdkjcif;
rsm;jyKvkyfMuonf/ xdkuJhodkY paemufcHMu&aom
csif;vlrsKd;tcsKdUwdkYonf tifrwef&SufwwfMuyg
onf/cPceBuHKawGUvm&aomtcg rdrdudk,f rdrd
csif;vlrsKd;[kajym&rnfudkyif?&SufaMumufcJhzl;onf/
pmoifcef;rSpum Oykofausmif;tqHk; csif;vlrsKd;
rsm;udk ESdrfhcsqufqHjcif;rsm;&Sdaeygonf/ tjcm;vl

60

rsKd;BuD;rsm;\csifvlrsKd;rsm;tay:,if;uJhodkYjyKrlquf
qHjcif;rsm;aMumifh
csif;vlrsKd;wdkYonf
rdrd
csif;vlrsKd;jzpf&onfudk rausreyfjzpfcJhMu&onf/
xdkuJhodkYaom pdwfcHpm;csufrsm;aMumifhyif rdrdwdkY\
,Ofaus;rI "avhxHk;pHrsm;udk wefzdk;xm;&aumif;
rSef;rodatmifyif pdwfemcJhMuavonf/
2/bmomt,l0g'ESifh zdESdyfum?,Ofaus;rI
"avhxHk;pHrsm;udkcsKyfcs,fcH&jcif;/
,aeYacwf jrefrmvlrsKd; trsm;pkonf
bmomw&m;ESifh &dk;&m,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHrsm;udk
twlwl[k,lqaeonfursm;onf/bmomw&m;
ESifh&dk;&m,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHrsm;
rwljcm;em;
onfudkuGJuGJjym;jym;odem;vnfxm;&efvdktyfvSyg
onf/odrftwGif;odkYtrsKd;orD;rsm;r0if&jcif;?bk&m;
tcsKdU trsKd;orD;rsm;tm;0ifcGifhray;jcif;rsm;onf
bmomw&m;t&r[kwfay/ ,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pH
rsm;omjzpfonf/ ,ckacwfwGif &[ef;tcsdKh
udk,fwdkif bmomw&m;ESifh,Ofaus;rI "avhxHk;pH
rsm;udk a&maxG;um twlwl[k,lqa[majymae
jcif;rsm;onf tifrwef0rf;enf;zG,f aumif;vSyg
onf/ tcsKdUaom ausmif;xdkifbkef;awmfBuD;rsm;?
omoemjyK&[ef;awmfrsm;ESifhw&m;a[m"ruxd
ursm;onfvnf;?bmomw&m;ESifh,Ofaus;rI"avh
xHk;pHrsm;udk twlwl[k,lqum a[majymaeMu
onf/xdkYaMumifhyif bmomw&m;ESifh roufqdkif
aom ,Ofaus;rI"avhxHkpHrsm;udk ykwfcwfum
a[mMum;jcif;? ESdrfhcsuJh&Jhumajymqdkjcif;rsm;jyKvkyf
aeMuygonf/ausmif;xdkifbkef;BuD;rsm;?omoemjyK
&[ef;awmfrsm;ESifh w&m;a[m "ruxdursm;
taejzifh bmomw&m;ESifh ,Ofaus;rI"avh xHk;pH
rsm;udktwlwlr[kwfaMumif;?uJGjym;jcm;em;pGm em;
vnfxm;oifhonf/bmomw&m;udktaMumif;jyK
tcsKdUaom ,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHrsm;onf&yfwnf
EdkifpGrf;r&SdawmhbJ uG,faysmufukefMuonf/ t
csKdUaom bmoma&;orm;rsm;onf bmoma&;udk
ckwHk;vkyf vlrsKd;pkrsm;\,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHrsm;

udk ykwfcwfapmfum;avh&SdMuonf/ wkdif;&if;om;

vlrsKd;rsm;\ &dk;&m,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHrsm; uG,f
aysmufoGm;vQif if;wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;vnf;
uG,faysmufoGm;EdkifonfhtwGuf ausmif;xdkifbkef;
awmfBuD;rsm;? omoemjyK&[ef;awmfrsm;? w&m;
a[m"ruxdursm;ESifh?bmoma&;toif;tzGJUrsm;
taejzifh?bmoma&;aMumifhwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;
\ &dk;&m,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHrsm;udk ykwfcwfapmf
um;jcif;rjyKrdatmif?txl;owdxm;oifhvSyg\/
bmomt,l0g'ESifhzdESdyfum ,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pH
rsm;udk csKyfcs,fcH&jcif;onfvnf; vlrsKd;pkrsm;
twGuf tE&m,fwpfckjzpfonf/
vlrsKd;pkrsm;\ ,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHrsm;
aysmufuG,fjcif;\tE&m,fwpfckrSm]]vlrsKd;pkrsm;\
,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHrsm;rSmacwfpepfESifhrudkufnD
awmhjcif;}}jzpfonf/tcsKdUaomvlrsKd;rsm;onf tpGJ
MuD;Muonf/acwfpepfrnfrQyifajymif;vJaeapum
rl?rdrdwdkY&dk;&m,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHrsm;udkacwfpepf
ESifhtnDajymif;vJ&ef rvdkvm;Muay/ tpGJBuD;jcif;
onfvnf;?vlrsKd;pkrsm;\,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHrsm;
aysmufuG,f&eftE&m,fwpfckjzpfonf/vlom;rsm;
onf tjcm;aomow0grsm;xuf oufwrf;
&SnfMumpGm&yfwnfaeEdkifjcif;onf obm0ywf
0ef;usifrsm;? acwfpepfrsm;ESifhtnD vdkufavsmnD
axG ajymif;vJaexdkifwwfaomaMumifh jzpfonf/
xdkif0rfuRef;wGif? tom;pm;MuL;aom vl
rsKd;pkwpfpkudk r[m,meAk'bmombkef;awmfBuD;
wpfyg;u Ak'bmomtwGif;odkYoGwfoGif;csD;a`rmuf
cJhonf/tom;pm;MuL;aom vlrsKd;pkrsm;onf Ak'
bmomodkY0ifa&mufvmaomfvnf; tom;ig;udk
owfpm;vdkpdwfrsm;rajymufEdkifMuay/xdkif0rf;uRef;
&Sd r[m,meAk'bmom0ifwdkYonfum; ouf
owfvGwfompm;avh&SdMuonf/ xdkYaMumifh om;
pm;MuL;olwdkYtwGuf tcuftcJBuD;rm;vSygonf/

61

if;tcuftcJudk Ak'bmomacgif;aqmifBuD;u
acwfpepfESifhtnD tom;wkudkwDxGifum ajz&Sif;
ay;cJhonf/tom;wkMuufaumifrsm;? tom;wk
0ufaumifvHk;rsm;udkyifwDxGifay;cJhonf/ wDxGif
xm;aomtom;rsm;onfvnf;tom;ppfESifhrjcm;
atmif aumif;rGefvSonf/om;pm;MuL;aomvlrsKd;
pkrsm;onf tom;wkrsm;udkpm;aomufjyD;?Ak'bm
omtwGif; [efrysufaeEdkifcJhMuaMumif;?om"u
wpfckudk?pma&;ol\q&m ajymjycsuft&Mum;em
rSwfom; cJh&zl;onf/
pma&;olwdkY&GmwGif
tom;owfum
ewfpm;jcif;"avh?vdyfjymwufjcif;"avhrsm;jyKvkyf
avh&SdMuonf/xdkodkYjyKvkyfaeMujcif;rSmcsif;vlrsKd;
wdkY\&dk;&m,Ofaus;rI"avhtpOftvmrsm;t&om
vkyfMujcif;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf bmoma&;t,l
onf;olrsm;u?xdkodkYewfylaZmfjcif;rsm;udk Ak'bm
omESifh qefYusifonf[k qdkumwdkufcdkufykwfcwf
Muonf/ pma&;oltjriftm;jzifh vlrsKd;wpfpk\
&dk;&m,Ofaus;rI "avhxHk;pHrsm;udk bmomw&m;
twGif;odkYxnfhoGif;um
raumif;r,lqoifh?
bmomw&m;ESifh EdIif;,SOfum a0befykwfcwfjcif;
rsm;rjyKvkyfoifh[k ,lqonf/ xdkodkYjyKvkyfrnfh
tpm;?bmomw&m;ESifhtH0ifcGifusjzpfatmif ulnD
aqmif&Gufay;oifhayonf/ xdkif0rfuRef;rS om;
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13-06-2016(wevFmaeY)

62

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63

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64