DUW1012

Occupational Safety
& Health
Case Study 1 (June 2015)
Mr Khor Seow Loon
N
o.
1

2
3
4
5

Name

Reg . No

Madhu Soothanan
Nair s/o
Parameswaran
Aminin B Nasaruddin
Sea Jin Chuan
Darvin s/o Nagarajan
Mugilan s/o Ganesan

06DEM15F1062

06DEM15F1072
06DEM15F1074
06DEM15F1020
06DEM15F1004

Introduction
CPR is part of the emergency cardiac care system
designed to save lives. Many deaths can be prevented
by prompt recognition of cardiopulmonary arrest and
notification of the emergency medical system (EMS),
followed by early CPR, defibrillation (which delivers a
brief electric shock to the heart in attempt to get the
heart to beat normally), and advanced cardiac life
support measures. When performed by a layperson,
CPR is designed to support and maintain breathing and
circulation until emergency medical personnel arrive
and take over. When performed by healthcare
personnel, it is used in conjunction with other basic and
advanced life support measures.
CPR must be performed within four to six minutes after
cessation of breathing to prevent brain damage or
death. CPR consists of rescue breathing, which delivers
oxygen to the victim's lungs, and external chest
compressions, which help circulate blood through the
heart to vital organs.
First aid is the assistance given to any person suffering
a sudden illness or injury , with care provided to
preserve life , prevent the condition from worsening, or
promote recovery . It includes initial intervention in a
serious condition prior to professional medical help
being available , such as performing CPR whilst
awaiting an ambulance, as well as the complete
treatment of minor conditions , such as applying a
plaster to a cut it can be performed by a first aider
during an emergency with minimal equipment until

appropriate medical personnel arrive. This is carried out

to ensure the life of the victim or the injured one is safe
or in other words kept alive. It is east to be carried out
because it does not require many equipment and can
be performed anywhere. One of the first aid method is
CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation). CPR is a method
used if someone is not breathing properly or if their
heart has stopped in a sudden.

Explanation
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a first aid
technique that can be used if someone is not breathing
properly or if their heart had stopped. Cheast
compressions and rescue breaths keep blood and
oxygen circulating in the body and Cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) is a procedure to support and
maintain breathing and circulation for an infant, child,
or adolescent who has stopped breathing (respiratory
arrest ) and /or whose heart has stopped (cardiac
arrest).

TYPE OF ILLNESS
CPR is performed to restore and maintain breathing and
circulation and to provide oxygen and blood flow to the
heart, brain, and other vital organs. CPR can be
performed by trained laypeople or healthcare
professionals on infants, children, adolescents, and
adults. CPR should be performed if an infant, child, or
adolescent is unconscious and not breathing.
Respiratory and cardiac arrest can be caused by allergic
reactions, an ineffective heartbeat, asphyxiation,
breathing passages that are blocked, choking ,
drowning, drug reactions or overdoses, electric shock,
exposure to cold, severe shock, or trauma. In newborns,
the most common cause of cardiopulmonary arrest is
respiratory failure caused by sudden infant death
syndrome (SIDS), airway obstruction (usually from
inhalation
of
a
foreign
body),
sepsis, neurologic disease, or drowning. Cardiac arrest
in children over one year of age is most commonly
caused by shock and/or respiratory failure resulting
from an accident or injury.

IDENTIFYING THE ILLNESS/INJURY :

SIGNS/SYMPTONS
To carry out this this method there are few steps that
has to be followed to ensure the safety of victim or the
injured one is safe because doing this method
improperly can risk victims safety or even worse death.
First of all when he/she faints all a sudden immediately
check for response by trying to waking him/she up.
Using your ears put it near her nose, hear if the victim
is breathing or not. Next if we find out the victim is not
breathing, make a airway path to ensure when the cpr
is carried out the air flows smoothly. This is done by
supporting the jaws and tilt their head. Next check for
breathing , see if the victim is breathing or is there is
any movement. Listen for any air escaping trough the

victims nose or mouth. If there is no sign of breathing

then one should perform two rescue breaths.
If there is still no sign of breathing, then one should
give thirty compression on the centre of the victims
chest and perform two rescue breath. Repeat this for
two minutes on the victim. By doing so the victims
heart can be pumped by the external force and the
heart can be triggered to pump on own enabling the
victim able to breath again. Then if the victim show
sign of breathing, place the victim on the other side
then continue and make sure the victim is safe until
help is arrived.

HOW TO TREAT/MANAGE (FIRST

AID) THE ILLNESS/INJURY

Step of cpr

C
hest compression

Check nerve/pulse

steps for child cpr

REFERENCES
"Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation." American Heart Association , 2004. Available
online at http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4479 (accessed
October 29, 2004).
"CPR and Emergency Cardiovascular Care." American Heart Association , 2004.
Available online at http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=3011764
(accessed October 29, 2004).
"Infant First Aid for Choking and CPR: An Illustrated Guide." BabyCenter , 2004.
Available online at http://www.babycenter.com/general/9298.html (accessed October
29, 2004).