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List of Figures
Fig. No.
2.1
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
Title of Figure
The Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram
(A) Coarse pearlite and (B) Fine pearlite. The darker portions of the
diagram are cementite, the lighter portions are ferrite
TTT Curve for a eutectoid steel
Martensite formed and austempered at 500 F for 2 hours
(A) Lower bainite, with a needle like appearance. (B) Upper bainite
TTT curve for 4340 steel showing the bainite shelf
Quench-and-temper process on a TTT curve
Austempering heat treatment cycle
a) Bainite obtained by isothermal transformation at 290 C b) Bainite
obtained by isothermal transformation at 180 C
Hypothetical TTT diagram
Atomic comparison of displacive and reconstructive transformation
Upper and Lower Bainite
High resolution atomic-force microscope plot
a) Microstructure of AISI52100 steel under as received condition, b)
Microstructure of AISI52100 steel austempered at 250C for 30 min, c)
Microstructure of AISI52100 steel austempered at 275C for 30 min, d)
Microstructure of AISI52100 steel austempered at 300C for 30 min. (B:
Bainite,: Martensite and : Retained austenite).
Variation of the impact toughness with austempering temperatures.
Variation of the hardness with austempering temperatures
Variation of the impact toughness with austempering times
Variation of the hardness with austempering times
Relationship between hardness and impact toughness in austempered steels
TTT diagram of EN47 steel
TTT diagram of EN24 steel
Chemical composition of EN 24 steel
Mechanical properties of EN 24 steel
Chemical composition of EN 47 steel
2.25
27
2.26
28
4.1
30
4.2
30
4.3
32
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
Page No.
4
5
5
6
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
15
16
22
23
23
24
24
25
25
26
26
27
27
4.4
33
5.1
35
5.2
35
5.3
36
5.4
Microstructure of steel EN-24 first air quenched and tempered at 350 C for
1 hour at 100X
36
5.5
37
5.6
37
5.7
38
5.8
38
5.9
39
5.10
39
5.11
40
5.12
40
5.13
41
5.15
5.16
43
44
5.17
46
5.18
47
5.19
A scatter plot showing the relation between hardness and toughness values
obtained for various processes for EN-24 steel
49
5.20
A scatter plot showing the relation between hardness and toughness values
50