You are on page 1of 24

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

CONTENTS
BIL

ITEMS

1.0

INTRODUCTION

2.0

CATEGORIES OF LABOUR

Skilled Labour

Unskilled Labour

TYPES OF SKILLED LABOUR ACCORDING


3.0

SUB - CONTRACT LABOUR

4.0

ANALYSIS THE FLUCTUATION OF LABOUR


PRICES:

5.0

Bills of Quantities

Location of the Project

Type of Project

Years

THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF THE CONSTRUCTION


LABOUR IN MALAYSIA

6.0

CONCLUSION

APPENDIX

Report B

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

1.0

INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, the economic growth in our country has been developed. This also
gives a good effect to the construction industry. It is proof because we can see
there are many buildings at construction stages. In the other hand, these also
give a chance to any person to get a work from this sector.
The development of construction sector offers many people to get their job
here so that this sector will not have any problems in future. Unfortunately, there
are not many Malaysian are interested to involve in this industry. So, to solve this
problem, country has to import foreigner labours likes from Indonesia,
Bangladesh, Laos, Vietnam, Myanmar, Thailand and others. But most of them
are from Indonesia.
These foreigner labours give a lot of contributions to our construction
industry. They will start this job as an unskilled labour but later on, they will be
declared as a skilled labour. This is because they already have an experience
and skill in this job.
So what we really hope is the construction sector will develop till the end
of time.

Report B

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

2.0

CATEGORIES OF LABOUR

Labour is a worker, which is needed to do a construction work in a construction


industry. There are 2 categories of labour in construction industry. These labour
are important to ensure that the project can be done within the period of time.
The categories are :

i.

Skilled labour

ii.

Unskilled labour

Skilled labour and Unskilled labour will be paid according to their own skills
based on the labour price. This is because there are many stages of work that
need different skills. Otherwise, the labour price will be changing according to
their location, type of project, living status and others.

Report B

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

Skilled labour
This category of labour did a specialist job only based on their scope of works.
They have a good experience and also have a wide knowledge about the work.
The examples of their works are installation of roofing, painting, installation of
tiles and installation of pipes. These labour are categorized based on trades like:-

i.

Concretor

ii.

Steel Bar Bender

iii.

Mason

iv.

Bricklayer

v.

Drainlayer

vi.

Plasterer / Pavior

vii.

Carpenter / Joiner

viii.

Plumber

ix.

Painter

x.

Fitter

xi.

Welder

xii.

Roofer

xiii.

Tiler

xiv.

Glazier

xv.

Pneumatic Tool Operator

xvi.

Ironworker
Report B

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

Skilled labour will be given a high salary per day between RM 45.00 RM 200.00
according to the size of project and their own skills.

Unskilled Labour
This type of labour did the work, which needs no skills like mixing the concrete,
bringing all the bricks and cleaning the site. The unskilled labour basically has 2
categories, male and female. For the male workers, their rates are higher than
female workers. This is because the types of works for the male labours are
heavier. The rate for a male worker is between RM 42.00 RM 60.00 per day
meanwhile for a female worker is about RM 40.00-RM 60.00 per day according
to the size of the project.

Report B

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

3.0

TYPES OF SKILLED LABOUR ACCORDING TO THEIR TRADES

Skilled labours will be divided according to their own skills. Categories of skilled
labours in Malaysia are :

Concretor
Concrete works need skills and experiences from the labours, as the concrete
will achieve a stage or standard that we need. Concretor is a person who is
responsible to ensure that the concrete are in a good condition and in a good
quality. So the concretor must have an experience and knowledge in mixing the
cement concrete.

Mason
This labour have a skill in laying the bricks in order to built a retaining wall,
trenches and others. As a result, it will look neat and the joints of the bricks will
look steady at its place.

Drainlayer
Drainlayers are responsible in doing the installation, setting, placing and
excavation of drainage, sump, manhole and others. The skills of the drainlayers
are needed so that the drainage system will be in control.

Report B

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

Bricklayer
Bricklayers are responsible in laying all the bricks of a wall construction. It must
be done in correctly and properly so that the bricks will look neat. The bricklayer
also must expert in all types of bond like Flemish Bond, Stretcher Bond and
English Bond.

Carpenter/Joiner
Carpenters are responsible in making building frames like a door frame and
window frame meanwhile joiners are involved in jointing and fixing the timber.
The carpenter and joiner need each other to easy the work.

Steel Bar Bender


Steel Bar Benders are responsible in bent and shape the metal / steel
reinforcement based on the standard and the specification given. Steel Bar
Benders must bend and shape the metal / steel reinforcement according to its
location like column, beam, staircase and others.

Plumber
The works like fixing the pipes and all the sanitary fittings like basin, water closet
and others need a skill labour like a plumber. This is important to ensure that the
jointing is correct and neat so that there will be no leakage.

Report B

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

Painter
Painting is the last step in the construction work. It must be done in a proper way
as it is the external surface of building which we can see. If it is done in a right
way, it will give a good result. A good and experience painter will result a good
work as the painting is smooth for the entire surface that he paints.

Roofer
Roof is important to all buildings because its protect people from heat and rain.
The skill of a roofer is needed as the fixing of the roof can be done in a correct
way and follows the requirements of the design. This is important because some
of the roof give an aesthetic value to them.

Plasterer / Pavior
Plasterer do a plaster works at column, beam, ceiling and other surfaces. The
plaster works must be done in a proper way in order to get a smooth surface. It is
important as the painting work will be done easily.

Tiler
The fixing of parquet, mosaic and marble needs a high skills from a tiler. It must
be done in a proper and correct way as it will give a good result.

Report B

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

5.0 ANALYSIS THE FLUCTUATION OF LABOUR PRICES


Generally the labour prices for this country are not actually fix. The contractor
has a chance to increase or to decrease the labour prices based on the supply of
the market. Analysis can be done in a few ways based on:
i.

Bills of Quantities

ii.

Location of the project

iii.

Type of project

iv.

Years

i.

Bills of Quantities

For every construction projects, the schedule of the labour rate will be compiled
together in a Bills of Quantities for a pricing purpose. It is done by the contractor.
Based on the Table 1, the labour rates are taken from several tenderers
from a project proposed A Body Shop New Extension Building for Perodua
Manufacturing Sdn. Bhd. According to the Table 1, there are variuos of labour
price offered by the tenderers.
The labour price for the male unskilled labour is about RM 40.00 RM
60.00 per day meanwhile for the female unskilled worker is also around RM
40.00 RM 60.00 per day.

Report B

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

A tenderer from Bestaraya Sdn. Bhd. offered the lowest male skilled labour price
which is around RM 50.00 RM 80.00 per day.

A tenderer from Noble Merit Sdn. Bhd. offered the highest labour price compared
to another tenderer which is about RM 60.00 RM 120.00 per day. The highest
labour price is for a welder where the rate is RM 120.00 per day.
A tenderer from Bina Jurati Sdn. Bhd. offered the highest labour rate for a
pneumatic tool operator which is RM 90.00 per day. There are different rate of
labour price between male and female unskilled labour. This happen because
there are different scope of works between male and female workers. But, for a
tenderer from Noble Merit Sdn. Bhd., they offered the same rate of labour price
which is RM 60.00 per day respectively.

Report B

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

BESTARAYA
SDN. BHD.
a. Unskilled labour
1. Male
2. Female

( RM )

CONTRACTORS
NOBLE MERIT
SDN.
BHD.
( RM )

BINA JURATI
SDN. BHD.
( RM )

RM 42.00
RM 40.00

RM 60.00
RM 60.00

RM 55.00
RM 45.00

1. Concretor

RM 50.00

RM 100.00

RM 90.00

2. Mason
3. Bricklayer
4. Carpentry / Joinery
5. Steel Bar Bender
6. Pneumatic Tool
Operator
7. Fitter
8. Welder
9. Plumber
10. Painter

RM 50.00
RM60.00
RM60.00
RM 50.00
RM 80.00

RM 100.00
RM 100.00
RM 100.00
RM 100.00
RM 80.00

RM 90.00
RM 90.00
RM 95.00
RM 90.00
RM 90.00

RM 80.00
RM 80.00
RM 60.00
RM 60.00

RM 100.00
RM 120.00
RM 100.00
RM 100.00

RM 100.00
RM 100.00
RM 90.00
RM 95.00

b. Skilled labour

TABLE 1

Report B

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

GRAPH 1
Report B

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

THE AVERAGE OF LABOUR PRICE BASED ON TABLE I

ii.

Location of the project

The locations of the projects also influence the labour price even it is the same
project.
The Table 2 shows the housing projects in different location in Selangor area.
The areas are Ampang, Shah Alam and Cheras.
For the male unskilled labour, Ampang and Shah Alam offered the same
rate which is RM 45.00 per day respectively. At Cheras area, the labour price is
RM 60.00 per day. For the female unskilled labour, the highest rate is at Cheras
which is RM 50.00 per day while in Ampang it is RM 40.00 per day. In Shah
Alam, the labour price is RM 43.00 per day.
The lowest rate for skilled labour is Pneumatic Tool Operator which is RM
45.00 per day in Ampang and Shah Alam compared to Cheras which is RM 90.00
per day.
The labour price in Ampang and Shah Alam is around RM 40.00 RM
80.00 per day while in Cheras the labour price is around RM 50.00 RM 150.00
per day. The differences of rate occurs maybe because of the status living at that
area and the other reason is it is hard to find labours that willing to do a
construction work. If there are labours, it is only foreigner labours as the local
people are more prefer to work in manufacturing sector.
Report B

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

AMPANG
a. Unskilled labour
1. Male
2. Female

( RM )

LOCATION
SHAH ALAM
( RM )

CHERAS
( RM )

RM 45.00
RM 40.00

RM 45.00
RM 43.00

RM 60.00
RM 50.00

1. Concretor

RM 65.00

RM 65.00

RM 85.00

2. Mason
3. Bricklayer
4. Carpentry / Joinery
5. Steel Bar Bender
6. Pneumatic Tool
Operator
7. Fitter
8. Welder
9. Plumber
10. Painter

RM 65.00
RM 65.00
RM 75.00
RM 75.00
RM 45.00

RM 75.00
RM 75.00
RM 75.00
RM 75.00
RM 45.00

RM 100.00
RM 85.00
RM 85.00
RM 85.00
RM 90.00

RM 75.00
RM 80.00
RM 80.00
RM 65.00

RM 80.00
RM 80.00
RM 80.00
RM 75.00

RM 90.00
RM 150.00
RM 100.00
RM 90.00

b. Skilled labour

TABLE 2

Report B

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

GRAPH 2

Report B

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

THE FLUCTUATION OF LABOUR PRICE ACCORDING TO ITS LOCATION

iii.

Type of project

It also influences the price of the labour especially for the skilled labour. This
happen as some of the project did not need special skills but some of the
projects need skills and experience labour.
Based on the Table 3, the labour price for male unskilled labours are about RM
55.00 RM 60.00 per day. The highest labour price for the skilled labour is a
welder which is RM 200.00 per day for apartment project.
For car factory project, the lowest labour price are briclayer, carpentry /
joinery and painter which is about RM 70.00 RM 75.00 per day.
For hostel project, the labour prices for male and female unskilled labour
are same with apartment project.
For overall, an apartment project shows the most highest rate for the
skilled labour which is about RM 90.00 RM 200.00 per day while for a car
factory project, it shows the most lowest labour price for skilled labour . The rate
is around RM 70.00 - RM 75.00 per day.

Report B

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

CAR FACTORY
a. Unskilled labour

( RM )

PROJECT
APARTMENT

HOSTEL

( RM )
( RM )

1. Male
2. Female

RM 60.00
RM 40.00

RM 55.00
RM 45.00

RM 55.00
RM 45.00

1. Concretor

RM 70.00

RM 100.00

RM 70.00

2. Mason
3. Bricklayer
4. Carpentry / Joinery
5. Steel Bar Bender
6. Pneumatic Tool
Operator
7. Fitter
8. Welder
9. Plumber
10. Painter

RM 70.00
RM 70.00
RM 75.00
RM 70.00
RM 70.00

RM 100.00
RM 150.00
RM 150.00
RM 130.00
RM 100.00

RM 70.00
RM 80.00
RM 80.00
RM 70.00
RM 70.00

RM 75.00
RM 75.00
RM 75.00
RM 75.00

RM 90.00
RM 200.00
RM150.00
RM 150.00

RM 90.00
RM 80.00
RM 80.00
RM 80.00

b. Skilled labour

TABLE 3

Report B

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

GRAPH 3
THE FLUCTUATION OF LABOUR PRICE ACCORDING TO ITS PROJECT

Report B

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

iv.

Years

A good economic growth in our country also gives good impact to construction
industry. So, if the economic growths increase, the labour price also will increase.
The analyses of the labour price according to years are shown in Table 4.
Based on the Table 4, most of the labour price get increasing. For the male
unskilled labour, it get increased at about RM 5.00 every year started from 2000
till 2002. Meanwhile, for the female unskilled labour, the rate is RM 45.00 per
days which is maintained from year 2000 to 2001 and get increased to RM 50.00
per day at year 2002.
For the welder labour, it get an obvious increasing at year 2000 when the
labour price is RM 95.00 per day and increasing to RM 100.00 per day at year
2001. At year 2002, it gets increasing again to RM 150.00 per day. This happen
maybe the welder labour only a few and not enough to fulfill the current needed.
For overall, the other labours are increasing at a quite similar rate which is
about RM 5.00 RM 10.00 per year.

Report B

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

2004

YEARS
2005

2006

RM

RM

RM

RM 50.00
RM 45.00

RM 55.00
RM 45.00

RM 60.00
RM 50.00

1. Concretor

RM 75.00

RM 80.00

RM 85.00

2. Mason
3. Bricklayer
4. Carpentry / Joinery
5. Steel Bar Bender
6. Pneumatic Tool
Operator
7. Fitter
8. Welder
9. Plumber
10. Painter

RM 80.00
RM 75.00
RM 75.00
RM 75.00
RM 80.00

RM 90.00
RM 80.00
RM 80.00
RM 80.00
RM 85.00

RM 100.00
RM 85.00
RM 85.00
RM 85.00
RM 90.00

RM 80.00
RM 95.00
RM 80.00
RM 80.00

RM 85.00
RM 100.00
RM 90.00
RM 85.00

RM 90.00
RM 150.00
RM 100.00
RM 90.00

a. Unskilled labour
1. Male
2. Female
b. Skilled labour

TABLE 4

Report B

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

GRAPH 4
THE FLUCTUATION OF LABOUR PRICE ACCORDING TO ITS YEARS

Report B

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

6.0 THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF CONSTRUCTION LABOURS IN MALAYSIA

There are several factors why the shortage of workers occurs in the construction
sector:
i.

The Growth of the Manufacturing Industry

Manufacturing industry offers many facilities to their workers compared to


construction industry. As a result, many people get more attraction to
manufacturing industry. Besides of the comfortable work area, the job is not
heavy as compared to the construction industry.
ii.

A Migration to Other Country

Many local people migrated to other country like Singapore and Brunei which is
offering a high labour price in construction sector. Besides, the other country also
offered several intensive facilities which are not offered in our country.
iii.

High Risk of Work

There are many risks of working in construction industry because they have a big
chance on facing with accidents. For examples, if the workers work in a high rise
building project, the chance he will get an accident is higher compared to a low
rise building.

Report B

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

7.0

CONCLUSION

Labours are one of the important people in construction industry because they
give a big contribution in the construction project.
Nowadays, the demands for the labours are increased years by years.
The demand which is more than supply causing the labour price increasing. But,
the labour price of this country is lower than the other country like Singapore and
Brunei.
In this country, the labour price depends to their skill and experience. The
rates also get influenced from the place of construction, type of project, living
status and many more.
Despite of the labour price, the labours also deserved to get good facilities
like offers by other industry. This might be the way to attract local people to
involve in construction industry.
As a conclusion, the labour price in our country is still reasonable
compared to other country and we really hoped that there are more local people
involved in this construction industry.

Report B

F a c u l t y o f Ar c h i t e c t u r e , Pl a n n i n g a n d S u r v e y i n g

Report B

You might also like