11/08/2015

(1)OnlyMedicine

****ClearHandyPoints******(byNoahKhan)
Trisomy21=Downsyndrome.(AgeforDrinkingis21)
Trisomy13=Patausyndrome.(AgeforPubertyinfemalesis13)
Trisomy18=Edwardsyndrome.(AgeforvotinginElectionis18)
Increasedalphafetoproteinplusincreasedalbumin=Anencephaly.
VitaminApreventssquamouscellcarcinoma.
Rightborderofheartismadebyrightatrium.
TrephinebiopsyIndicates=aplasticanemia>ALL.
InanesthesiahalothaneisalwaysgivenwithNitricoxide.
MostdiagnostictestforTB=PCR>AFB>Caseous.
Downsyndromeoccurs1/100.
Commongenitalvesicleisherpessimplexvirus.
Inferiororbitalfissurecontentsaremaxillarynerveanditszygomaticbranch,inferiorophthalmicveinandsympatheticnerves
andthisfissurecommunicateswithpterygopalatinefossa.
Superiororbitalfissurecommunicateswithmiddlecranialfossaandittransmitslacrimalnerve,frontalnerve,trochlearnerve,
oculomotornerve,abducentnerve,nasociliarynerveandsuperiorophthalmicvein.
Thyroidistheonlyendocrineglandthatstoresitssecretionsoutsidethecell.
Sensationsfromthetipofnosearecarriedbyophthalmicdivisionoftrigeminalnerve.
Tensortympaniissuppliedbymandibulardivisionoftrigeminalnerve.
Stapediusissuppliedbyfacialnerve.
Nucleusraphesynthesizeserotonin.
LocusCeruleus=Norepinephrine.
AttermCRL=36cmandCHL=50cm.
CRLusedb/w714weeks.
BPDisused1630weeks.
Spermlifeingenitaltractis24to48hours.
2ndmostcommoncauseofosteoporosisinoldageisCushingsyndrome.
Prenatalchromosomeisdetectedat1418weeks.
Bronchialasthmaplushypertensivepatient>BestdrugVerapamil.
Aphasiaandfacialnervepalsy>damagetomiddlemeningealartery.
Diabeticplushypertensivepatient>BestdrugCaptopril.
InferiorwallMI>Rightmarginalarteryblock.
Epidermisofpartoidglandisderivedfromectoderm.
Tokillsporesofsurgicalinstrument>moistheatat160Cfor1hr.
FoodpoisoningcausedbyStaph.Aureusisthroughentertoxin.
LeastpositivevalueforWidalis1:120.
Trigeminalganglioniscompletelycoveredbydura.
Tactilesensationiscarriedbydorsalwhitecolumntomedialleminiscus.
AntiHBcAg=positivewindowperiod.
MAP=diastolic+1/3pulsepressure.
Insulinsecretionisinhibitedbybetablocker.
Highesttriglyceride=VLDL.
Highestcholesterol=LDL.
Highestlipoprotein=HDL.
Whichisnotaphospholipid=Plasmalogen.
Bestwaytocheckbonedensityisthescanofspine.
Endbreakdownofglucoseispyruvate.
Inpreeclampticpatienthydralazineisthedrugofchoicebeforesurgery.
Indownsyndrome:Tripletest(alphafetoproteinisdecreased,bHCGisincreasedandestriolisdecreased)andifweaddup
inhibinwhichisincreasedthenitwillbecalledasQuadrupletest.
Identificationofturnersyndromeisbybarrbodies.
PLAP(PlacentalAlkalinePhosphatase)isatumormarkerinseminomaandovariancarcinoma.
TuboovarianabscessbyIUCDmostcausativeagentisActinomycosis.
MajorintracellularbufferisHb.
DVTmorecommoninpoplitealveinbutpulmonaryembolismisthroughfemoralveins.
InvestigationofDICDdimers,FDPs,PlateletcountandPT(exceptclottingtime).
Referredpain:CervixS2S3<>OvaryT10T11<>TestisT10<>UmbilicusT10<>KidneyT12L2.
Trimethoprim(cotrimoxazole)sideeffect>megaloblasticanemiaplusleukopenia.
SacrospinousligamentdoesNOTcontributeinwallofperineum.
Lesseromentumconnectswithduodenum.
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Sphinctericurethraisknownasexternalurethralsphincterandissuppliedbypudendalnerveswhereasinternalosis
suppliedbyinferiorhypogastricplexus.
Nervesupplyofrectumishypogastricplexus.
Uterinetubeis10cmlong.
Urachalcystistheremanantofallantois.
Thyroidglandisderivedfromendoderm.
Thymusandinferiorparathyroiddevelopsfrom3rdbranchialpouch.
Superiorparathyroidisdevelopedfrom4thbrachialpouch.
Diaphragmaticherniaoccursduetoabsenceofpleuroperitonealmembrane.
Superiorthyroidarteryisrelatedtoexternallaryngealnervewhichsuppliesposteriorcricothyroidmuscleoflarynxand
damagetoitwillcausehoarseness.
Inferiorthyroidarteryisalsorelatedtorecurrentlaryngealnervewhichrunsb/wtracheaandesophagusanditsmostcommon
injuryisinthyroidectomy.
Inpapillarycarcinomaofthyroid>itoccursinyoungageandinvolvescervicallymphnodes.
Tracheostomyisdoneat2ndtrachealringbypullingtheisthmusinferiorly.
Nonfunctionalnoduleorcoldnodulehashighchancesofmalignanttransformation.
Erythropoiesisinmiddletrimesterisintheliver.
RightcoronaryarterysuppliesSAnode.
LevatoranimuscleissuppliedbyL2,L3&L4.
DefectinBulbusCordisresultsinVSD,hypertrophyofRightventricle,congenitalcyanosis,transpositionofgreatvessels(but
notASD).
Endocardialcushionisimportantfortheformationoffourchambersofheart.
Thirstisleaststimulatedbybloodpressure.
ImportanthormoneinvolvedingluconeogenesisisCortisol.
Apoptosisisinhibitedbybcl2inhibition.
LowserumcomplementinSLE.
C3b&IgGareOpsonins&C5aischemotacticprotein.
Ureaisanimportantindicatorformuscleproteinloss.
ESRisdecreasedwhenalbuminisincreased.
DrugwhichdoesnotcausegynecomastiaisAndrogen&drugswhichcausegynecomastiaareDigoxin,Girsoefulvin,
Cimetidine,Androgens,SpironolactoneandKetoconazole.
TxofhirstuismisCyproteroneAcetate.
PyruvicacidisintermediatefromglucosetoacetylcoA.
Epinephrine.norepinephrine&dopaminearederivedfromtyrosine.
EndproductofPurineisUricacid.
RBCshaveglycolyticenzymeactivity.
Endproductofglucosegives2Pyruvate.
Alanineshouldbetakenindiet.
Cisplatinismorenotorioustocauserenaltoxicity.
Dysplasiaisseeninepithelia.
MRNAhasacodon.
HSVisassociatedwithvulvarpapules.
WartonthelateralwallofintroitusitiscausedbyHPV.
Plaquelikelesiononposteriorsuperiorwallofvaginaissquamouscellcarcinoma.
GermanMeaslescausesCongenitalCataract.
AnteriorabdominalwallswellingwithumbilicalcordattachedtoitinanewbornbabyisknownasOmphalocele.
BetalactamactsontheCellWall.
Streptomycincausesototoxity.
Isoniazid>Hepatotoxicity.
Pyrazinamide>Gout.
Rifampicin>redcolorofbodysecretions.
Opportunisticorganism>E.Coli.
PseudomembranouscolitisiscausedbyC.difficile.
Mostcommonorganisminvolvedingynecological&abdominalproceduresisE.coli.
Vulvularitching=ChlamydiafishlikesmellBacterialVaginosis.
VitaminKdependent:Factors2,7,9,10,ProteinC,ProteinS,FibrinogenandProthrombin.
IntrinsicandExtrinsicpathwaysofcoagulationconvergeatfactor10.
ThreoninedoesnotcontainSulfagroup.
AutosomaldominantishereditarySpherocytosis&Polycystickidneydisease.
Lensopacitycausingdrugs>Chlorpromazine,Amidarone,Tamoxifen,Gold&Irontoxicity.
Drugscausingcornealopacity>Amiodarone,Chloroquine,Mepacrine&Copper.
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RibosomehavepurplecoloronEosin&Methylenebluestaining
Highenergycontent>Starch.
Highenergycompound>ATP
AntidoteofwarfarinisvitaminKbutifactionismorequicklyrequiredthenFFP.
Olfactorycellsaretheonlyneuronsinthebodythatregenerates.
Projectilevomitinggreenishincolormeansbiliousvomitingsoitisduetoduodenalatresiabutifprojectilevomitingnonbilious
thenitishypertrophicpyloricstenosis.
PulmonarytrunkrelationwiththebronchusatthehilumofthelungmnemonicisRALSRRightAnterior&LeftSuperior.
RhinosinusitisiscausedbyStrepPneumonia,H.Influenza,MCatarrahalis.
HomanssignispresentinDVTinwhichifyoudorsiflexthefoottherewillbepainincalfmuscles.
ClassictriadofPulmonaryEmbolism:
Neurologicalmanifestations.
Petechialrash.
Hypoxemia.
Nitrogenbubbledprecipitatorinascendingdiversandcanbetreatedwithhyperbaricoxygen.
CTpulmonaryangiographyisthebesttesttodetectPulmonaryEmbolism.
Themostcommoninfectiousagenttransmittedbybloodtransfusioniscytomegalovirus(CMV),whichispresentindonor
lymphocytes.
BeforebloodistransfusedintonewbornsorpatientswithTcelldeficiencies,itmustbeirradiatedtokilldonorlymphocytes.
ThispreventsthepatientfromdevelopingagraftversushostreactionoraCMVinfection.
Yersiniaenterocolitica,apathogenthatthrivesoniron,isthemostcommoncontaminantofstoredblood.
Ironisstoredinbonemacrophages.
Structurespassingthrusuperiororbitalfissure....
NOTFAL
NASOCILLIARY<>OPTHALIMICVEIN<>TROCHLEAR<>FRONTAL
ABDUCENT<>LACRIMAL
CranialNerveForamina
CNIpassesthrough>cribriformplate
CNII>opticcanal
CNIII,IV,VI(ophthalmicdivision),VI>superiororbitalfissure
(Maxillarydiv>foramenrotundum,mandibulardiv>foramenovale)
CNVII,VIII>internalacousticmeatus
CNIX,X,XI(cranialroot)>Jugularforamen(accessorynervespinalroot>foramenmagnum)
CNXII>hypoglossalcanal.

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