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Code No: RR410206 Set No. 1


IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Explain spaghetti & pie diagrams briefly with the help of neat sketches.
(b) Explain the various steps necessary to avoid low pf. Give examples.

2. (a) Write short notes on the following:


i. Solar constant
ii. Local solar time
iii. Surface azimuth angle.
(b) Determine the local solar time and declination at a location latitude 230 15’
[8+8]

N, longitude 770 30’ E at 12.30 IST on June 19. Equation of time correction
is given from standard table to be = - (1’ 01”). [8+8]

3. (a) Explain the working of grid connected wind turbine generator with neat sketch.
(b) How do you select a suitable electric generator for wind turbine? [10+6]

4. (a) Draw a neat layout diagram of a typical OTEC plant showing salient features
and explain the principle of operation.
(b) In a Claude’s cycle of OTEC conversion producing 100 KW power, warm water

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at 270 C. is admitted into flash-evaporator, where a pressure corresponding
to saturation temperature of water at 250 C is maintained. Saturated vapor
is then sent through a turbine having a polytropic efficiency of 80%. The
pressure in the direct contact condenser is maintained at a value corresponding
to saturation temperature of water at 150 C by means of deep sea cold water
at 130 C calculate.
i. Turbine mass flow rate of vapor
ii. Mass flow rate of deep sea cold water.
iii. Mass flow rate of warm water.
iv. Gross cycle efficiency on the basis of energy available from warm surface
water.
Also explain the reasons of obtaining low value of efficiency. [8+8]

5. Discuss the various wave energy conversion devices. [16]

6. (a) Explain with neat sketches the basic principle of tidal power generation. What
are the limitations of each method.

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Code No: RR410206 Set No. 1


(b) A tidal project has installed capacity of 2176MW in 64 units each of 34MW
rated output. The head at rated output is 5.52m. The embankment is 6.4 km
long. Assume 93% efficiency for both turbine and generators. The generation
is 5 hours twice a day calculate:
i. The quality of water flowing through each turbine.
ii. The surface area of reservoir behind the embankment. [8+8]

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7. (a) Describe a vapour dominated or dry steam field.
(b) A vapour dominated system of 100MW capacity uses saturated steam with
a shut off pressure of 30 bar and enters turbine at 5.0 bar and condenses at
0.15 bar. Polytropic efficiency of turbine is 80%, generator - turbine combined
mechanical and electrical efficiency is 90% water output temperature from
cooling tower is 200 C. and reinjection occurs prior to cooling tower.
Calculate:
i. Steam required.
ii. Heat rate.
iii. Plant efficiency and
iv. Cooling water rate. [8+8]

8. (a) What is meant by anaerobic digestion? What are the factors, which affect
biodigestion? Explain briefly.
(b) What is a community biogas plant? What are the main problems encountered
in its operation? [8+8]

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Code No: RR410206 Set No. 2


IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

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1. (a) What are the prospects of various renewable energy resources in India?
(b) Describe the general principles of Energy management with suitable examples.

2. Write brief notes on the following:

(a) Central receiver system


(b) Solar farms
[8+8]

[8+8]

3. (a) Enumerate the advantages and disadvantages of wind power.


(b) Write short notes on potential wind power in India.
(c) List few companies manufacturing WEC devices. [6+6+4]

4. (a) Draw the schematic diagram and explain the Open cycle OTEC system. What
are the operational difficulties encountered in OTEC plants?
(b) Find the quantity of water to be pumped to OTEC plant working with surface
water at 270 C and with cold water at 80 C at a depth of 600 m from the surface

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to obtain 1.0MW of energy. Assume the density of ocean water as 1010 kg/m3
and the specific heat of water as 4200 J/kg K. [10+6]

5. Explain in brief the energy potential of ocean waves and methods of harnessing the
wave energy. [16]

6. (a) With reference to typical examples, explain the nature and magnitude of en-
ergy possessed by ocean tides.
(b) The observed difference between the high and low water tide is 0.85meters, for
a proposed tidal site. The basin area is about 0.5sq. Km which can generate
power for 3 hours in each cycle. The average available head is assumed to be 8
meters and the overall efficiency of generation to be 75%. Calculate the power
in HP at any instant and the yearly power output. [8+8]

7. (a) Explain Hot Dry rocks (petrothermal) resources of geothermal energy and how
they can be exploited as a source of energy.
(b) Explain vapour dominated hydrothermal power plant with neat sketch and its
representation on T-S diagram.
(c) Describe various disadvantages and operational problems associated with geother-
mal energy. [5+6+5]
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Code No: RR410206 Set No. 2


8. (a) How are biogas plants classified? Explain the dome with a sketch type plant.
(b) What are the various phases of anaerobic digestion in a Biogas plant? Discuss
them in brief. [8+8]

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Code No: RR410206 Set No. 3


IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

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1. (a) What are ultimate energy sources ?
(b) Discuss the factors, which affect the efficiency of electrical systems. How can
they be improved?

2. Explain the operation and working of the following with neat sketch.

(a) Solar module.


(b) Cylindrical parabolic concentrator.

3. (a) Explain with neat sketch working of a vertical axis windmill. Explain the
[6+10]

[10+6]

function of different components.


(b) Distinguish clearly between
i. Constant speed constant frequency WTG unit
ii. Variable speed constant frequency WTG unit
iii. Nearly constant speed constant frequency system
iv. Which type of electrical generator is used in aero generators? [8+8]

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4. (a) Draw a neat layout diagram of a typical OTEC plant showing salient features
and explain the principle of operation.
(b) In a Claude’s cycle of OTEC conversion producing 100 KW power, warm water
at 270 C. is admitted into flash-evaporator, where a pressure corresponding
to saturation temperature of water at 250 C is maintained. Saturated vapor
is then sent through a turbine having a polytropic efficiency of 80%. The
pressure in the direct contact condenser is maintained at a value corresponding
to saturation temperature of water at 150 C by means of deep sea cold water
at 130 C calculate.
i. Turbine mass flow rate of vapor
ii. Mass flow rate of deep sea cold water.
iii. Mass flow rate of warm water.
iv. Gross cycle efficiency on the basis of energy available from warm surface
water.
Also explain the reasons of obtaining low value of efficiency. [8+8]

5. Derive expressions for power and energy from the waves. What are the limitations
and advantages of wave energy conversion? [16]
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Code No: RR410206 Set No. 3


6. (a) What are the factors affecting the suitability of site for the tidal power plants?
(b) Bring out a detailed classification of tidal power plants and describe one of
them briefly drawing a sketch.
(c) Calculate the theoretical maximum power and the actual power output of a
tidal electric power plant when the basin size is 10 km x 30 km and the tidal
range is 4 meters. State, with reasons, the value of assumed efficiency.

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[5+5+6]

7. (a) Explain Hot Dry rocks (petrothermal) resources of geothermal energy and how
they can be exploited as a source of energy.
(b) Explain vapour dominated hydrothermal power plant with neat sketch and its
representation on T-S diagram.
(c) Describe various disadvantages and operational problems associated with geother-
mal energy. [5+6+5]

8. (a) Explain briefly about the design considerations of a digester.


(b) Explain briefly about the factors affecting biodigestion or generation of a gas.
(c) What is meant by ‘energy plantation’ ? What are its advantages and disad-
vantages? [5+5+6]

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Code No: RR410206 Set No. 4


IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

www.andhracolleges.com
1. (a) Bring out the importance of solar energy in comparison to other types of
renewable energy resources.
(b) What are pie charts? Explain their significance in energy audit with a suitable
example. [8+8]
2. Write down the equations for estimation of average solar radiation and determine
the monthly average daily global radiation on a horizontal surface for June 22, at
the latitude of 100 N, if constant “a” and “b” are given as equal to 0.30 and 0.51
and the ratio Nn =0.55. [16]
3. (a) Enumerate the advantages and disadvantages of wind power.
(b) Write short notes on potential wind power in India.
(c) List few companies manufacturing WEC devices. [6+6+4]
4. (a) Draw a neat layout diagram of a typical OTEC plant showing salient features
and explain the principle of operation.
(b) In a Claude’s cycle of OTEC conversion producing 100 KW power, warm water
at 270 C. is admitted into flash-evaporator, where a pressure corresponding

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to saturation temperature of water at 250 C is maintained. Saturated vapor
is then sent through a turbine having a polytropic efficiency of 80%. The
pressure in the direct contact condenser is maintained at a value corresponding
to saturation temperature of water at 150 C by means of deep sea cold water
at 130 C calculate.
i. Turbine mass flow rate of vapor
ii. Mass flow rate of deep sea cold water.
iii. Mass flow rate of warm water.
iv. Gross cycle efficiency on the basis of energy available from warm surface
water.
Also explain the reasons of obtaining low value of efficiency. [8+8]
5. How are ocean waves formed? Explain with a schematic diagram how this energy
can be tapped. [16]
6. (a) Describe the difference between spring tides, neap tides, high tide, and low
tide.
(b) Discuss the possible reasons why energy output in double-effect generation is
usually lower than for single-effect generation. [8+8]
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Code No: RR410206 Set No. 4


7. (a) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of Geothermal energy over the other
forms of energy.
(b) What are the applications of Geothermal energy in the field of Agriculture?
(c) Explain briefly the possible sources of Geothermal pollution? How these are
avoided? [6+5+6]

8. (a) What are the different inputs which produce Biogas? List out the factors

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affecting bio-digestion.
(b) Give a neat sketch of Biogas production plant for domestic use for a family of
5-6 persons.
(c) Explain “Energy Plantation” and state its advantages and disadvantages.
[5+5+6]

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