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INTRODUCTION
NEED FOR USE OF NATURAL FIBRES
The expansive soils having property of swelling and expansiveness with influence of
variance moisture in soil. It also shows shrinkage behavior when dried. To achieve the
economy and for proper performance of road, it is necessary to improve the soil by
adding jute fibre
The study of the contribution of jute geo-textile on the properties of clayey soils
and its feasibility for various civil engineering applications is evaluated. In order to
improve the performance of roads on such soils jute geotextile has scope as
reinforcement. It is expected that with the inclusion of jute geotextile layer below
Granular Subbase (GSB) layer would be helpful in restricting the movement of upper
pavement layers due to seasonal moisture variation in subgrade expansive, shrinkable
soil. Soil reinforcement is defined as a technique to improve the engineering
characteristics of soil. In this way, using natural fibres to reinforce soil is an old and
ancient idea. Consequently, randomly distributed fibre reinforced soils have recently
attracted increasing attention in geotechnical engineering The main aim of this paper,
therefore, is to review the history, benefits, applications; and possible executive
problems of using different types of natural fibres in soil reinforcement.
For the development of any country, a satisfactory mode of transport and
communication is indispensable. This can be achieved through a transportation
system, which is economically viable. Economy in road network can be achieved
through economical pavement design. Quality of subgrade available is the input
parameter in pavement design. Practically it is not possible to have good subgrade
always. Poor subgrade necessitates a greater pavement thickness resulting in
increased construction cost. With the aim of reducing pavement thickness on poor
subgrade new techniques of construction and soil stabilization have been continuously
explored. Poor natural soils make them practically unsuitable for many civil
engineering construction activities including road pavements. In such cases natural
soils are being treated with different kinds of materials to improve their engineering
properties. The techniques of improving the engineering properties of soil are called
soil stabilization, which has been quite successfully used in many engineering
problems. In the present study jute fibre is used to improve the engineering properties
of the subgrade, so that required pavement thickness may be reduced for particular
traffic intensity. Jute fibres of different diameters and lengths were mixed in the
subgrade in different percentage and the improvements in the subgrade are studied in
terms of California Bearing Ratio (CBR).
NATURAL GEOTEXTILES
Natural fibres are extracted from plants and are then converted into yarns by spinning.
These fabrics are sometimes treated with rot resistance materials or reinforced with
synthetic fibres to enhance their durability under different soil conditions without
affecting its strength and other properties. Natural fibres such as jute, coconut and coir
bricks are used to improve soilstrength, soilerosion control and drainage applications.
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JUTE FIBRE
Jute geo textile abbreviated as JGT has come out as the best as well as strong
alternative to synthetic geo textiles. Jute geotextile fabric is widely used for varied
civil engineering applications like separation, drainage and filtration over synthetic
one. Jute geo textile is available with inherent advantage of being designed from
natural fibre that is completely biodegradable. Jute is an organic fibre that brings eco
friendly nature to the textile. A user can easily discard them by decomposing them
without any pollution.
Today, jute geo textile fabric is available in two different varieties, one is woven
and other is non-woven fabric. Both the varieties are reckoned for high moisture
absorption capacity. Their flexibility and excellent drainage properties are the reason
behind their usage in agricultural sector to conserve soil erosion. Their long life span
makes them perfect to be used in those sectors that required long-term applications.
Due to their high durability and long life performance, they are in huge demand to be
used as separator, vegetation growing mesh, vertical drains, etc.
Development of this completely natural and strong Jute geo textile is likely to
enable it to be widely accepted in the varied soil reinforcement applications that may
include the construction of rural roads, access roads, and road and flood
embankments. Their superior drape ability, jute geo textile has come up as the ideal
solution for accomplishing varied tasks. Widely accepted for greater moisture
retention capacity, they have given a competitive edge to the geo textiles of other
fabric. Easy to install and remove, they are on the top whenever it comes to quality,
durability, sturdiness and strong nature. They can be availed in various sizes and
dimensions to match the requirement of every task. Jute geotextile is available in the
market at very lowest prices than the synthetic geo textiles.
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ballasts into the soil bellow and also allow passage of precipitation along the plane of
the fabric thereby keeps the soil dry and tight and ultimately check the possibility of
settlement of railway tracks. Properly designed woven JGT with appropriate
porometry treated with suitable additives is used as filter material in river bank
protection.
OBJECTIVES
LITERATURE REVIEW
Barnali Ghosh, Dr V Ramesh, Rajarajeswari B Vibhuti (2014)
Analysis and comparison of properties of two different clayey soils is carried out with
and without reinforcement. Jute geo-textile (grade TD-5) was used as reinforcing
material to stabilize both peat and black cotton soil. Almost all the standard laboratory
tests as well as field tests were conducted. Finally study of the contribution of jute
geo-textile on the properties of clayey soils and its feasibility for various civil
engineering applications is evaluated. The results show the increment of soil
properties like shear strength, dry density and CBR(California Bearing ratio) while
permeability and settlement .decreased on introduction of jute geo-textile, indicating
significant improvement in the engineering behavior.
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biodegradation coalesces with the soil and adds nutrient to it and fosters growth of
vegetation.
STUDY AREA
The study area of soil is taken from the portions of highway road near Chennur road
in Kadapa District.The soil is collected from that area. By-Pass is constructed with its
road consisting silty-clay soil. Height of embankment in some stretches of road ranges
from 10 m to 12 m. Embankment fills are finished in 1:2 slopes. As the embankment
heights are appreciably high the denuded slopes were subjected to rain splash erosion
with formation of rain-cuts and gullies due to surface run-off. Soil samples were
collected from two sites of road.
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METHODOLOGY
Tests on Soil Sample
Sieve Analysis
This is the name given to the operation of dividing a sample of aggregate in to various
fractions each consisting of particles of the same size.The sieve analysis is conducted
to determine the particle size distribution in a sample of aggregate, which we call
gradation.
Plastic Limit
Plastic limit is the water content corresponding to an arbitrary limit between the
plastic and semisolid states of consistency of a soil. It is the minimum water content at
which the soil will just begin to crumble when rolled in to a thread approximately
3mm in diameter.
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Liquid Limit
Liquid limit is the minimum water content corresponding to arbitrary limit between
liquid and plastic states of consistency of a soil. It is the minimum water content at
which the soil is still in the liquid state but has a small shearing strength against
flowing, which can be measured by standard available means.
The procedure is same as normal soil sample. In that sample the percentage of jute
fibre is mixing with normal soil sample.
The jute fibre is cut by small pieces, which the shape of the jute is cut by a cbr mould
round shape we have to cut the fibre
The amount of fibre is taken at soil sample of 6 kgs .we have to take 60 gms of jute
fibre is taken.
120
% passing through
100
80
60
40
20
0
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Cu > 4 for well graded soil, so Cu=2.21 < 4 ,it is poorly graded soil
Liquid Limit
Results:
= 31%
PLASTIC LIMIT
Results:
Dry density
1.65
1.6
1.55
1.5
1.45
0
10
15
20
25
Moisture content
Results:
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GRAPH 3
450
400
350
Load(kg)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
RESULTS
CBR value of soil by mixing with jute fibre at 2.50 mm penetration = 17.07 %
CBR value of soil by mixing with jute fibre at 5.0 mm penetration = 18.09%
CBR value of soil by mixing with jute fibre =18.09%
DISCUSSIONS
Results of jute fibre reinforced soil are compared with that of plain soil sample in two
groups as:
1). Effect of the jute reinforcement on the maximum dry density and optimum
moisture content.
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CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it can be concluded that the CBR value of given soil
increases by mixing with natural jute fibre from 15.18% to 18.09%.
Jute fibre reinforcement reduces the maximum dry density and increases the optimum
moisture content of the subgrade soil. The CBR value of the subgrade soil increases
with the inclusion of jute fibre at 3% of fiber content. further adding of fibre
percentage will decrease the cbr value.
Appropriately designed JGT laid on the shoulder and along the slope helped retain the
soil particles and prevented detachment of soil particles from the prepared slope.
Establishment of vegetation ensured stabilization of the soil on the slope surface.
JGT, a bio-degradable natural geotextile, can conveniently be used for controlling
surface soil erosion and help growth of vegetation as a bio-engineering measure. JGT
after biodegradation coalesces with the soil and adds nutrient to it and fosters growth
of vegetation.
Overall it can be concluded that jute fibre reinforced soil can be considered to be good
Ground improvement technique Specially in engineering projects on weak soils.
Jute fibre reinforcement increases the sub-grade strength of the soil and thus reduces
the thickness of pavement. Jute fibre is a good reinforcing material which is bio
degradable.
Jute fibre can be considered as a good reinforcement material.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
Aziz, M.A. And Ramaswamy, S.D., 1984. Studies on Jute Fabric Upon Coir Grid
Matting For Subgrade Strengthening, Henin International Journal of Scientific
Engineering and Technology (ISSN : 22771581) Vol. 3 (7), pp : 880884
[3]
Chandra S., Viladkar, M.N. and Nagrrale P.P. 2008. Mechanistic Apporoach for
fibre reinforced flexible pavements, Journals of Transportation Engineering,
Volume, 134, 1523.
[4]
Dhariwal, A., 2003. Performance studies on California bearing ratio values of fly
ash reinforced with jute and non woven geofibres. National seminar on advances
in construction materials, pp 4551.
[5]
[6]
IS: 2720, Part XVI, 1965. Laboratory determination of moisture content density
relation using light compaction Bureau of Indian Standards; New Delhi.
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[8]
[9]
[10]
IS: 2720 Part III, Section 11980 Determination of Specific gravity of soil. IS:
2720 Part X (1973), Determination of Unconfined compression strength ISI
New Delhi, 1973.
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