LTE Basic Understanding

RF Optimization North-1

Scope

Network Architecture
Network Interfaces
Functionalities of Major Entities
Measurement Fundamentals
Idle Mode Procedures
Cell Selection & Reselection
Way Forward

LTE Fundamentals

Evolution of new architecture (SAE: System architecture evolution)

Architecture is Simple & Less number of Nodes
High Date Rates provision
100 Mb/s for stationary & High Mobility Users
Utilization of MIMO Technology
No Concept of CS, only PS Services
CS Fall-Back to GSM/UMTS for CS Calls

LTE Architecture
Consist of 2 Parts:

E-Utran (Evolved Utran) & EPC (Evolved Packet Core)

e-Node B

MME

HSS

e-Node B

SGW

PGW

e-UTRAN

PDN

EPC

EPC Entities:

MME: Mobility Management Entity

HSS: Home Station Subsystem
SGW: Serving Gateway
PGW: PDN Gateway
PDN: Public Data Network

LTE Interfaces
2G/3G Core

MSC

SGSN
S3

SGs

e-Node B

S1 MME

MME

S6a

HSS

S11

X2 c/u

e-Node B

SGW

S5

PGW

SGi

PDN

S1u

e-UTRAN

EPC

LTE Interfaces:

S1u: b/w e-NB & SGW for User Plane (Bold Line) for user data
S1 MME: b/w e-NB & MME for Control Plane (Dotted Line) for signalling
X2 c/u: b/w e-NBs for control info & data forwarding respectively
SS: b/w SGW & PGW
SGi: b/w PGW & PDN
SGS: b/w MME & MSC for CSFB

* All S1 and X2 interfaces share the same transport network, which is an IP based carrier network

Functionalities of Entities
E-Node B:

Radio Resource Management, Bearer, Mobility & Admission Control, Dynamic

allocation of UL/DL Resources.
Scheduling and transmission of paging/broadcast messages.
IP Header Compression & encryption of user data.

MME:

NAS Signaling, NAS Signaling Security & AS Security Control.

Tracking Area list management (for UE in idle and active mode).
PDN GW and Serving GW selection.
SGSN selection for handovers to 2G or 3G access networks.
Roaming, Authentication & Bearer management functions.

SGW:

Packet routing and forwarding

Transport level packet marking in the uplink and the downlink.
Accounting on user and QCI granularity for inter-operator charging.
Uplink and Downlink charging per UE, PDN, and QCI.

SGs Interface:

Transfer of Pagging messages from MSC to MME

Transfer of LA updates from MME to MSC
Exchange of MT/MO SMSs b/w MME & MSC
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DT Measurements
RSRP: Refference Signal Received Power

RSRP = RSSI 10 log (N x 12)

Range : -44 to -140 dBm

*N is # of RBs(Resource Blocks) & 12 is the # of Sub-carriers

RSSI: Reference Symbol Signal Intensity

RSSI = WideBand Power = Noise+Signal Power+Interference

RSRQ: Refference Signal Received Quality

RSRQ = RSRP/(RSSI/N)
Range : -3 to -19.5 dB

SINR: Signal to Interference Noise Ratio

SINR = S/(N+I)

*S is avg. signal power, N is avg. noise & I is avg. inerference

DT Measurements

PCI: Physical Cell Identity

PCI = PSS + 3(SSS)

PSS = Primary Synchronization Symbol , Range : 0 to 2
SSS = Secondary Synchronization Symbol , Range : 0 to 167
Total PCI are 504

CQI: Channel Quality Index

Range : 1 to 15
Based on quality of DL Channel

BLER: Block Error Rate

DL & UL Throughput

Idle Mode Procedures

Reading system informantion messages

PLMN selection and reselection
Cell selection and reselection
Tracking area update

Cell selection:
Step-1

DL Synchronization: frequency synchronization & slot synchronization with PSS.

Frame synchronization with SSS & PCI acquisitiion.
Decoding of MIB on the PBCH to get bandwidth information.

Step-2

SIB1 acquisition to check PMLN ID, cell barring and S criteria.

SIB2 decoding i.e transmitted on PDSCH to regester to the network

Tracking Area:

Attach & Deattach proccesses

If UE moves from one TA to another
Periodic Regestration (timer: T3412)

Selection & Reselection Criteria

Selection Criteria:

Srxlev > 0
Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - (selQrxLevMin+qrxLevMinOfst) Pcompensation
Qrxlevmeas = measured RSRP

Reslection Criteria (intra freq):

Srxlev > SintraSearch (Trigering Criteria)

Rs = Qmeas,s + qhyst
Rn = Qmeas,n qofStCell
Rn > Rs for treselection,Eutan time period

* neighboing cells that fulfill S criteria are considered only

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CS Fall Back

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Way Forward

Radio Interface & Channels

Power Control, Link Adaptation and Scheduling
Mobility/Events
KPIs formula

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Thank You !!!

Br
Qasim Abbas

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