Professional Documents
Culture Documents
General Instructions
Section 1
Pages 222
60 marks
Allow about 1 hour and 10 minutes for
this section
Section 2
Pages 2534
40 marks
Allow about 50 minutes for this section
This section has EIGHT questions
Question 61
9 marks
Question 62
2 marks
Question 63
2 marks
Question 64
2 marks
Question 65
6 marks
Question 66
8 marks
Question 67
4 marks
Question 68
7 marks
S11
Section 1
60 marks
Allow about 1 hour and 10 minutes for this section
Part A
Questions 150
50 marks
Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the
response oval completely.
Sample:
2+4=
(A) 2
A
(C) 8
C
(D) 9
D
If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect
answer and fill in the new answer.
A
(B) 6
If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the
correct answer, then indicate the correct answer by writing the word correct
and drawing an arrow as follows.
correct
A
Which process has a role in the growth and repair of tissue in multicellular
organisms?
(A) Coordination
(B)
Cell division
(C) Mutation
(D) Sexual reproduction
3
mL
mL
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
200
100
mL
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
(A) 1
(B)
(C) 3
(D) 4
4
Combustion
(C) Decomposition
(D) Neutralisation
3
NOT TO
SCALE
Energy is destroyed.
Unconsolidated
glacial deposits
Conglomerate
Brown siltstone
Tan limestone
Grey limestone
Green shale
Conglomerate
Grey siltstone
Tan limestone
Location X
Location Y
Grey siltstone
The human stomach contains acid. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is often found
as a component of antacids, which are used to settle upset stomachs. It reacts in
a similar way to normal carbonates, causing people to burp.
Why does sodium bicarbonate make people burp?
(A) It produces hydrogen gas.
(B)
Key
27%
Outdoor
Bathroom
Laundry
20%
Toilet
Kitchen
27%
Graph Courtesy of Sydney Water Corporation, 2008
What percentage of the water used in Sydney homes in 2003 was used to flush
toilets?
(A) 10
(B)
16
(C) 20
(D) 27
9
11
The shaded areas show the location of recent earthquakes in our region.
12
Carbohydrate
83 g
Energy
1800 kJ
Fat
3g
Protein
8g
4g
(C) 8 g
(D) 83 g
13
The Southern Cross is a constellation of stars in the night sky in the Southern
hemisphere. It appears to rotate around a point in the sky in a clockwise
direction and completes a whole revolution every 24 hours.
If the constellation appears as shown in the diagram above at 6 pm, what will it
look like at 9 pm on the same night?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
14
Australia
New Zealand
USA
Denmark
600
(C) 6000
(D) 30 000
15
Infectious
(C) Non-infectious
(D) Reproductive
16
Our sun is a medium size star. As it gets older it will use up its fuel.
What is most likely to happen during the next stage of its life?
(A) Contract
(B)
Expand
(C) Explode
(D) No change
17
A person on Earth has a mass of 100 kg. What would their mass be on the moon?
(A) 100 kg
(B)
Awaiting copyright
18
Digested sludge
(C) Flocculant
(D) Magnetite
19
10
Ne
11
12
14
16
19
20
C
Total number of
protons and neutrons
in the carbon atom
12
20
Number of protons
in the carbon atom
(C) 16
(D) 24
21
10
(C) 19
(D) 28
22
On what basis are elements arranged from left to right across a row of the
Periodic Table?
(A) The atoms gain a proton.
(B)
10
23
A car is moving in a straight line at a constant speed. What would the correct
distance versus time graph look like?
(B)
distance
distance
(A)
time
time
distance
(D)
distance
(C)
time
24
time
Students studied the growth of 100 corn seeds and graphed the results.
Average
plant
height
time
Which alternative correctly identifies the independent and dependent variables
in their investigation?
Independent variable
Dependent variable
(A)
time
height
(B)
height
time
(C)
time
number
(D)
height
number
11
25
The figures show how a lens can be used to correct short sightedness.
Eye
Artificial lens
Figure 1
short-sightedness
Eye
Figure 2
Lens used to correct
short-sightedness
5 cm/s
(C) 10 cm/s
(D) 20 cm/s
12
28
(C) The hole in the ozone layer will allow astronomers to gather more
information.
(D) The altitude and polar location mean it is closer to some stars, allowing
them to be seen in greater detail.
29
30
Which of the following safety equipment is the most important when using zinc
acetate in a laboratory?
(A) Gloves
(B)
Lab coat
13
31
In the nucleus
32
33
It splits in two.
34
Sheep frequently give birth to twins. Identical twins grow up to be different sizes
when adults.
What is the main cause of this difference?
(A) Environmental factors
(B)
35
Calcium carbonate
14
36
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Copper
Silver
Decreasing reactivity
Which metal is more reactive than lead but less reactive than aluminium?
(A) Copper
(B)
Magnesium
(C) Sodium
(D) Tin
37
(C) A decrease in the ozone layer allows more radiation to reach Earths
surface.
(D) An increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere traps more heat radiation
from Earth.
38
A student was studying chemicals found in the kitchen and noted that tea and
coffee are both clear brown fluids. If lemon juice is added to both, the tea turns
an orange colour but the coffee does not.
Based on these results, which conclusion is correct?
(A) Tea acts as an indicator.
(B)
40
The diagram shows the differences in beak shape among different finch species.
Awaiting copyright
Ecological cycles
(C) Migration
(D) Natural selection
41
Two different models that attempt to explain the structure of the atom are
shown.
Awaiting copyright
16
Electrostatic
(C) Gravitational
(D) Sound
44
What is the main role of satellites used in the Australian Tsunami Warning
System?
(A) To detect changes in weather conditions
(B)
(C) To receive and transmit information about changes in the size of water
waves
(D) To receive and transmit radio waves about seismic movements on the
ocean floor
45
Seismic and water waves are shown in the Tsunami Warnings diagram.
What is each type of wave carrying?
Seismic wave
Water wave
(A)
energy
water
(B)
magma
energy
(C)
shocks
water
(D)
energy
energy
17
46
Biosphere
(C) Hydrosphere
(D) Lithosphere
47
A fold
Which group of trilobite became extinct before the beginning of the Ordovician
period?
(A) Lichida
(B)
Proetida
(C) Odontopleurida
(D) Redlichiida
49
18
19
Section 1 (continued)
Part B
Questions 5160
10 marks
A L P H A B E T
a
p h a b e
Decimal points and negative signs must be clearly shown in separate boxes.
Do NOT let any part of the letter or number touch the sides of the answer
boxes.
Examples:
7 2 =
M A Y
If you make a mistake, cross out the incorrect answer and write the correct
answer above the boxes.
M A Y
Like this:
J U N E
20
S
Q
51
52
Which letter correctly labels the site where the embryo develops?
How many more milligrams of mercury are emitted by coal power stations to
run an incandescent bulb compared to a CFL bulb over 5 years? Give your
answer to the nearest whole number.
54
What is the saving in electricity costs per year if a CFL bulb is used instead of an
incandescent bulb?
21
Number of litters
0
1
2
3
Number of live pups per litter
57
58
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Group A
20
22
21
Group B
22
25
21
Group C
21
23
29
Group D
20
25
25
59
60
BLANK PAGE
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BLANK PAGE
24
Board of Studies NSW 2008
Science
Centre Number
Section 2
Student Number
40 marks
Allow about 50 minutes for this section
Questions 6168
40 marks
Battery
Wire
Lamp
Symbol
(a)
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Draw a circuit diagram for this experiment using the symbols given.
25
Marks
Question 61 (continued)
The results obtained were tabulated. The student did not record results for
6 volts and 16 volts.
(b)
Current (amps)
0.15
0.28
0.40
10
0.42
14
0.67
Plot the results and rule a line of best fit for them.
0.8
Current (amps)
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Battery voltage (volts)
(c)
...............................................................................................................................
(d)
...............................................................................................................................
(e)
Marks
Question 62 (2 marks)
Refer to Source A in the Stimulus Booklet to answer this question.
Name an environmental advantage of using CFL bulbs and explain why it is a
benefit.
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Question 63 (2 marks)
Australian scientists have made contributions to society. Describe the effect of
one of these contributions on peoples lives.
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Question 64 (2 marks)
Refer to Source B in the Stimulus Booklet to answer this question.
Explain how the information gained from satellite tracking could be used to
conserve whales.
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27
BLANK PAGE
28
Board of Studies NSW 2008
Science
Centre Number
Section 2 (continued)
Student Number
Marks
Question 65 (6 marks)
Refer to Source C in the Stimulus Booklet to answer this question.
(a)
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(c)
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(d)
Propose a reason why Proetida survived for so long. Justify your answer.
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S13
29
Marks
Question 66 (8 marks)
During your course you carried out first-hand investigations (experiments)
to answer scientific questions. You have been asked to present a report on one
of these investigations to your class.
(a)
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(b)
30
Marks
Question 66 (continued)
(c)
End of Question 66
31
BLANK PAGE
32
Board of Studies NSW 2008
Science
Centre Number
Section 2 (continued)
Student Number
Marks
Question 67 (4 marks)
Refer to Source D in the Stimulus Booklet to answer this question.
(a)
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(b)
S14
33
Marks
Question 68 (7 marks)
A significant issue facing Australia is the provision of adequate water
supplies. Some strategies to address this issue that have been discussed in
the media are:
increasing water storage
decreasing water usage
increasing water collection options
recycling.
Describe TWO environmental problems associated with any of the strategies
listed above and identify a suitable strategy for providing water in the future,
giving reasons for your choice.
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End of test
34
Board of Studies NSW 2008
Science
Stimulus Booklet
Detach this Stimulus Booklet and use it where required during the test.
Purchase
price
Expected life
span
Electricity
costs per
year
Incandescent
75 watts
$1.00
10002000
hours
$12.30
CFL
15 watts
(75 watts
equivalent)
$2.00
8000 hours
$2.30
Type of
bulb
CFL bulbs contain a small amount of mercury, an environmental pollutant. The mercury is
in a gaseous form in the globes and is not dangerous in normal use. When CFL bulbs are
dumped as garbage, mercury can pollute the air, soil and waterways and accumulate in
organisms causing damage to cells.
The amount of mercury that is released to the environment by the production and use of
each type of bulb is shown in the graph.
Milligrams of mercury
Mercury emissions by
light source over 5 years
12
10
Key
Mercury emissions from
coal power stations
8
6
4
2
0
CFL
bulb
S15
Incandescent
bulb
In 2005 the Australian Government announced the creation of the Australian Tsunami
Warning System (ATWS). The ATWS uses satellite technology to collect and broadcast
information about pressure changes on the ocean floor.
Satellite
Radio waves
Land based
receiver
Sea based
transmitter
Water
waves
Ocean Floor
pressure sensor
Seismic
waves
X
Whale Tracking
Most populations of humpback whales
follow a regular migration route. Scientists
have been studying humpback whales by
tagging them for tracking by satellite. Before
this technology was introduced scientists
had to infer the routes taken.
None of the whales tagged in the Cook
Islands moved to Australia. This indicates
that they are a separate population from the
Australian whales and the two populations
dont interbreed. The knowledge of
the whale movements has significant
implications for conservation.
Cook Islands
Tagging on
10 Sept 2006
Key
path
of whale
New Zealand
Antarctica
Position on
22 Jan 2007
Source C Trilobites
Groups of organisms that lived for relatively short periods of time and are found in specific
types of rocks are called index fossils. Rock layers from different locations can be compared
and dated using index fossils such as trilobites. Trilobites were animals that lived in the sea.
On the chart, the dotted line shows when each trilobite group lived.
Awaiting copyright
Visible
Wavelength 400 nm
Ultraviolet
315 nm 280 nm
UVB
UVA
X-rays
100 nm
UVC
Ozone layer
EFFECTS
Wrinkling of
the skin
Skin cancer
Eye damage
Sunburn
Extremely dangerous
Blocked by ozone layer
The amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching Earth varies throughout the day, with 50%
reaching Earth Between 11 am and 2 pm.
Sun
12 noon
Sun
7 am
Sun
3 pm
r
e laye
Ozon
Before
After
Incoming UV
radiation
NASA
4