THE DACUM MODEL FOR CBET

BY: F. OGANO MAY 2016

Courtesy: Ohio State University (OSU)

WHAT IS DACUM?
An acronym for Developing A CurriculUM

DACUM is a process for:

Job analysis One job
Occupational analysis
multiple related jobs
Process analysis
performed by
different workers

Functional analysis
function covering
several jobs
Conceptual analysis
emerging job
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DACUM Philosophy

Expert workers can describe and define their job more

accurately than anyone else.

An effective way to define a job is to precisely describe

the tasks that expert workers perform.

All tasks, in order to be performed correctly, require

certain knowledge, skills, tools, and worker
behaviors.

KEY TERMS

Duties

A cluster of related tasks

Usually 612 per job

Tasks Specific meaningful units of work

Usually 620 per duty and 75125 per job

Steps Specific activities required to perform

a task

Always 2 or more per task

THE DIFFERENCE!
Education

What should be taught?

What is taught?
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THE DACUM PROCESS

Vector Graphics by VectorOpenStock.com

DACUM WHERE USED

Accountant

Mechatronics Tech

Computer Technician

Mid-Level Manager

Bio-Lab Technician

Pediatric Nurse

Sales Coordinator

Instructor

Graphic Representation of Job, Duty&

Task Relationships
Whole Job

Job divided into

Duties (6-12)
Job divided into
Duties & Tasks (75
125)
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JOB/OCCUPATION

DUTIES

etc.

TASKS

STEPS

etc.

etc.

knowledge, safety, tools, criteria, etc.

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JOB, DUTY, TASK & STEP EXAMPLES

Job
Duty

Railway Track
Supervisor
Maintain
railway track

Task
Step

Raise
sunken rail
Remove
ballast

Job
Duty
Task

Mechanic
Maintain
customer
vehicle
Change motor
oil

Step

Drain oil
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Developing Duty & Task Statements

Verb

The verb precisely describes the workers action

The worker must be able to ______
(e.g., select, prepare, develop, determine)

Object

The object is the thing acted upon by the worker

(e.g., equipment, reports, plans, needs)

Qualifier Qualifiers are words or phrases used to modify

and clarify the task statement
(e.g., select computer equipment, prepare
financial reports, develop learning plans)

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Duty Statement Criteria

Describe large areas of work in performance terms

Serve as title for a cluster of related tasks (usually 6

20/duty)

Consist of one verb, an object, and usually a qualifier

Are general, not specific, statements of the work that is

performed (usually 612/job)

Stand alone (are meaningful without reference to the

job)

Avoid references to worker behaviors, tools, and

knowledge needed

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Task STATEMENT Criteria

Represent the smallest unit of job activity with a

meaningful outcome

Result in a product, service, or decision

Represent an assignable unit of work

Have a definite beginning and ending point

Can be performed over a short period of time

Can be observed and measured

Can be performed independent of other tasks

Consist of two or more steps

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Task Statement Criteria

Concisely describe a task in performance terms

Must have a single action verb and an object that

receives the action

Usually contain one or more relevant qualifiers

Are explicitly stated once (crystal clear)

Are meaningful by themselves (not dependent upon the

duty or other tasks)

Avoid references to worker behaviors needed

Avoid references to the knowledge needed

Avoid references to tools and equipment that support

task performance

ENABLERS

Essential items that enable workers to perform their duties

and tasks, but are NOT duties or tasks themselves

General Knowledge and Skills

Tools, Equipment, Supplies, and Materials

Worker Behaviors

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PRODUCT OF A DACUM WORKSHOP

The final product of a DACUM workshop is a
DACUM Research Chart document that is made up
of:

Job title

Duties performed by the job(6 12 No.)

Tasks for each duty

List of General Knowledge for the job

List of prerequisite skills and

List of Behaviour attributes expected of the job holder

MAJOR DACUM APPLICATIONS

Curriculum development/revision

Human resources/organizational development updating job descriptions

Management decision-making restructuring responsibilities

Assessment/testing

Career advising/counseling

Certification/credentialing

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DACUM Procedural Steps

1.

Orient the panel

2.

Review the job/occupation

a)

Develop organizational chart

b)

Conduct initial brainstorming

3.

Identify duties (general areas of responsibility)

4.

Identify the tasks performed (brainstorm each duty)

5.

Develop lists of enablers and future trends/concerns

6.

Review/refine task and duty statements

7.

Finalize the task and duty statement sequence

8.

Other options as desired

THANK you

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