Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OF LEARNING
Robert Mills
Gagn
(August 21, 1916
April 28, 2002)
(August 21,
An American educational
psychologist best known for his
Conditions of
Learning and
instructional design implication
were first introduced in 1965.
Pioneered the science of
instruction during World War II
when he worked with the Army
Air Corps training pilots.
Bibliography
In 1958, he returned to
academia as professor
at Princeton University, where
his research shifted focus to the
learning of problem solving and
the learning of mathematics.
In 1962, he joined the American
Institutes for Research, where he
wrote his first book, "The
Conditions of Learning."
Personal Life
Gagn's wife, Pat, is a biologist.
They have a son, Sam, and
daughter, Ellen. Non-professional
pursuits include constructing
wood furniture and reading
modern fiction. In 1993, he
retired to Signal Mountain,
Tennessee with his wife.
Gagnes Principle
Different instruction is required
for different learning outcomes
Different types of levels of learning for
different types of instruction.
Five categories of
learning
Cognitive strategies:
Capability to learn,
think, and remember
Attitudes: Ingrained
bias towards different
ideas, people, situation,
and may affect how one
acts towards these
things.
Each category
requires different
methods in order for
the particular skill set
to be learned:
Gagn, influenced
with behaviorist learning
theories, suggested there
are eight types or
conditions of learning /
Gagnes Hierarchy of
Learning or 8 ways to
learn, mostly all based on SR learning. They are
(categorized by complexity)
Procedure Following /
Chaining - (complex operant
conditioning)
A chain of two or more stimulusresponse connections is acquired.
Discriminations / Discrimination
Learning - (learning of responding
different to different stimuli)
The ability to make different responses
to similar-appearing stimuli.
Designing Instruction
Skills are to be learned at the
lowest level and mastered before
proceeding. An instructor should
use positive reinforcement and
repetition, with each new skill
building upon previously
acquired skills.
9 Instructional Events
Presenting the
stimulus (selective perception)
- Display the content.
Providing learning
guidance (semantic encoding)
Guidance in terms of communication
enables the teacher to direct the
students in their learning or enable
them easier information encoding
through visual or other materials
that suits to their topic and provide
realistic demonstration
Eliciting
performance (responding)
-Learners respond to demonstrate
knowledge.
Students need practice. Practice should
immediately follow instructions and be
well defined in terms of its nature,
objectives and expected student
responses. Make an activity out of
group and let answer on the board to
show their output.
Providing
feedback (reinforcement)
- Give informative feedback on the
learner's performance.
Assessing
performance (retrieval)
- More performance and more
feedback, to reinforce information.
At the end of each course student's
knowledge should be assessed in
order to check if expected learning
has occurred. Let individual pupils
answer the activity to measures their
comprehension, quiz and oral
recitation and motivate their answer.
Evaluation of instruction
Have the objectives been met?
Is the new program better than
the previous one?
What additional effects does the
new program include?
Summary:
The purpose is to supply data on
feasibility and efficiency to develop
and improve the course.
Evaluation is concerned with the
effectiveness of the course or
program regarding the students
performance. Based on the student's
performance, measures are taken of
the kind of student capabilities the
program is intended to establish.
References:
Book
Maria Rita D. Lucas and Brenda B. Corpuz (2013), 3rd
Edition Facilitating Learning: A Metacognitive
Process
Metro Manila: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.
Internet
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._Gagn
teorijeucenja.zesoi.fer.hr/doku.php?id=learning_theories:co
nditions_of_learning
leonardo126primary.blogspot.com/2012/10/reflectionpaper-gagnes-conditions-of.html
Presented by:
Mendoza, Rubylyn
Minamidez, Ymma
Tan, Michael Francis
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