Science and Tech. - Analog Prelims Test Series 2016 - Shilpa Goyal

ANALOG IAS INSTITUTE TEST SERIES - 2016
C.S.(P)-2016
DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO
T.B.C. : P-PFC-L-CGJB
TEST BOOKLET SERIES
Serial No.
TEST BOOKLET
GENERAL STUDIES (PAPER I)
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT

Time Allowed: Two Hours
Maximum Marks: 200

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PRELIMS TEST SERIES 2016

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT
Number of Questions: 100
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5.
6.
Marks: 200
The best color(s) for a sun umbrella will

be:
a. Black
b. Black on top and black on the inside
c. White on top and black on the inside
d. Printed with all the seven colors of
rainbow
The best and the poorest conductors of
heat are respectively
a. Silver and Lead
b. Copper and Aluminum
c. Silver and Gold
d. Copper and Gold
The temperature of a body is an indicator
of:
a. The total energy of the molecules of
the body
b. The average energy of the molecules of
the body
c. The total velocity of the molecules of
the body
d. The average kinetic energy of the
molecules of the body
An artificial satellite orbiting around the
earth does not fall down. This is so
because the attraction of earth
a. Does not exist at such distance.
b. Is neutralized by the attraction of the
moon.
c. Provides the necessary speed for its
steady motion.
d. Provides the necessary acceleration for
its motion.
Cryogenic engines find applications in
a. Rocket technology
b. Frost-free refrigerators
c. Sub-marine propulsion
d. Researches in superconductivity
Formation of energy currency of cell
during photosynthesis is called as
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a. Substrate level phosphorylation

b. Phosphorylation
c. Photophosphorylation
d. Oxidative phosphorylation
The main function of White Blood Cells is:
a. Transporting Oxygen and Carbon
Dioxide.
b. Defense against the invasion of foreign
antigens.
c. Play a major role in homeostasis.
d. Both A and C.
The virus can infect the human by:
a. Aerosol
b. Feco- Oral rout
c. Vector borne
d. All of the above
The indigestible material in food is known
as
a. Roughage
b. Minerals
c. Vitamins
d. Fats
Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid- yet another
essential component of our diet. It
keeps teeth, gums and joints healthy, and
also holds cells together and increases
our body's resistance to infection. A
deficiency of vitamin C leads to bleeding
and swollen gums, weight- loss, jointpains, susceptibility to
infection, and
delayed wound- healing.
What is this condition called?
a. Pellagra
b. Scurvy
c. Kwashiorkor
d. Anaemia
Night
blindness,
drying
of
the
conjunctiva, dry and scaly skin and loss
of hair are some of the symptoms of :
a. Vitamin K deficiency
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b. Vitamin A deficiency
c. Iron deficiency
d. Folic acid deficeiency
Water is a compound because:
a. It exists as a solid, a liquid or gas
b. It contains hydrogen and oxygen
c. It contains two different elements
joined by chemical bonds
d. It cannot be split up into simpler
substance by chemical means
Which of the following is the lightest
metal?
a. Mercury
b. Silver
c. Lithium
d. Lead
The chemical used as a fixer in
photography is:
a. Borax
b. Sodium thiosulphate
c. Sodium sulphate
d. Ammonium persulphate
The main constituents of pearls are:
a. Calcium carbonate and magnesium
carbonate
b. Calcium
oxide
and
ammonium
chloride
c. Aragonite and sodium carbonate
d. Ammonium sulphate and sodium
carbonate
Which of the following are essential for
body growth and formation of new cells?
a. Carbohydrates
b. Protein
c. Minerals
d. Vitamins
Calvin cycle occurs in
a. Cytoplasm
b. Golgi body
c. Chloroplast
d. Mitochondria
Light energy is converted into chemical
energy in the presence of
a. Mitochondria
b. Chloroplast
c. Ribosomes
d. Mesosomes
Which of the following statement is/are
incorrect?
1. Black diamonds called carbonado

contains trace of graphite.
2. It is chemically inert but on heating
above 1500C transfers into graphite.
Code:a. Only 1
b. Only 2
c. Both 1 and 2
d. Neither 1 nor
20.
Match of following:Disease
Cause
A. Dengue fever
1. Virus
B. Tuberculosis
2.bacteria
C. Malaria.
3. Protozoa
D. Filariasis
4. Worms
A
B
C
D
a.
1
2
3
4
b.
2
1
3
4
c.
1
3
4
2
d.
1
2
4
3
21.
Which of the following statements
regarding proteins are correct?
1. Proteins are solely made up of amino
acids
2. Amino acids are chemical compounds
that contain both acidic carboxy and
basic amino groups.
3. The amino acids of a protein are
united to one another by their
respective carboxyl and amino groups,
forming a peptide bond.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. All are correct
d. None of them
22.
Consider the following statements about
Methamphetamine:
1. Unlike drugs such as marijuana,
cocaine, and heroin, which are derived
from plants, it can be manufactured
using a variety of store bought
chemicals
2. It is also known as Ephedrine or in
short, Meth
3. Ephedrine is a vital component in
cough syrups and nasal decongestants
Select the correct answer using the codes
given below:
a. 1 and 2 Only
b. 2 and 3

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c. 1 and 3
d. All
Muscle fatigue occurs due to the
accumulation of
a. Pyruvic acid
b. Lactic acid
c. Oral acetic acid
d. Uric acid
Congenital Diseases are a disease which:a. Is present from birth
b. Develops after birth and in childhood.
c. Are transmitted by contact
d. Occurs in adulthood.
Which of the following statements is/are
correct?
1. Antidepressants act on the central
nervous system.
2. Antipyretics are substances used to
bring down body temperature during
high fever.
a. I only
b. 2 only
c. Both 1 and 2
d. None of them
Which of the following statement is/are
correct:1. Tea stimulates the nervous and
muscular system and is a chronic for
the heart and lungs.
2. Green Tea is good for digestive system.
Which one of the above is/are correct?
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. Both 1 and 2
d. None of them
Which one of the following is not correct
about Neutrinos?
a. Neutrinos are the least available
particles in the Universe.
b. Neutrinos are Neutral particles and
weakly interactive particles.
c. Neutrinos identification requires a
massive detector since they are very
difficult to detect.
d. A Neutrinos observation will help in
understanding
the
evolution
of
universe and medical imaging.
A diagnostic technique commonly known
as 'Ultrasound' is based on recording
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a. Echoes of extremely high frequency

waves.
b. Echoes of extremely low frequency
waves
c. Ultraviolet rays
d. Nuclear magnetic resonances
An 80 kg man, a 40 kg woman and a 20
kg girl dive simultaneously. If their
parachutes are identical, then
a. The girl will land first of all
b. The woman will land first of all
c. The man will land first of all
d. All three will land simultaneously.
Consider the following statements:1. If a person looks at a coin which is in
a bucket of water, the coin will appear
to be closer than it really is.
2. If a person under water looks at a coin
above the water surface, the coin will
appear to be at a higher level than it
really is.
Which of the above statements is/are
correct?
a. 1 and 2 are correct
b. 1 alone
c. 2 alone
d. Neither 1 nor 2 are correct
Jaundice results from the malfunctioning
of the
a. Kidney
b. Liver
c. Lungs
d. Stomach
In terms of evolution of organisms, the
prokaryotes are considered to be primitive
because their cells :
1. Lack well defined nucleus
2. Lack important cell organelles
3. Lack DNA and RNA
Which among the above statements is /
are correct?
a. 1 and 2 Only
b. 2 and 3
c. 1 and 3
d. all are correct
A man met with a serious road accident
while going to his office and was
immediately rushed to a nearby hospital
where the doctors advised for blood
transfusion. The mans blood group was
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found to be A Since the required blood

group was not available in the blood
bank, the relatives were asked to donate
Whose blood group was found to be:
1. Wife: O
2. Son: A
3. Daughter: O
4. Brother: AB
Who among the above relations could
donate blood to the, man?
a. Only 2
b. 2 and 4
c. 1, 2 and 3
d. 1 and 3
In context with the Trans-Fats, consider
the following statements:
1. They are always unsaturated
2. They increase level of LDL (i.e. Bad
Cholesterol) however they don't impact
at the level of HDL (i.e. Good
Cholesterol)
Which among the above statements is /
are correct?
a. I only
b. II only
c. Both are correct
d. None of them are correct
Assertion: Carbon has the ability to form
a very large number of compounds.
Reason: Carbon exhibits the property of
Catenation.
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct
explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not
correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false
d. A is false but R is true.
The equipment SONAR is used to
determine the
a. Depth of the seabed.
b. Intensity of an earthquake.
c. Cruising altitude of an aircraft.
d. Speed of a moving train.
Enzymes in living systems
1. Provide energy
2. Provide immunity
3. Transport oxygen
4. Catalyze biological reactions
a. 1, 2, and 3 are correct
b. 2 and 3 are correct
38.
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42.

c. 1 and 2 are correct

d. Only 4 is correct
Fog is an example of a colloidal system of
a. Liquid dispersed in gas
b. Gas dispersed in gas
c. Solid dispersed in gas
d. Solid dispersed in liquid
A bacterium divides every minute and
takes an hour to fill a cup. How much
time will it take to fill half the cup?
a. 15 Minutes
b. 30 Minutes
c. 59 Minutes
d. 60 Minutes
A rocket and a jet engine differ because.
1. Their working principles are entirely
different.
2. A rocket uses only liquid fuels where
as a jet can use solid as well
3. While a rocket carries its own oxygen
supply , a jet draws its air out of the
atmosphere
4. A rocket can propel vehicle into outer
space whereas a jet cannot
a. 2, 3 and 4 are correct
c. 1 and 2 are correct
d. 1, 3 and 4 are correct.
With reference to the Coriolis force,
consider the following statements:
1. It is a real force caused by the rotation
of earth.
2. It deflects the winds to their right in
Northern Hemisphere.
3. Higher the speed of the wind greater is
the Coriolis force.
Which of the above statements is/are
correct?
a. 1 & 2
b. 2 & 3
c. 1 & 3
d. All the above.
Consider the following:
1. Nucleic Acids
2. Proteins
3. Carbohydrates
4. Lipids
Which among the above is / are
biopolymers?
a. 1 and 2 only
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b. 1, 2, 3 only
c. 1, 2, 3, & 4.
d. 2, 3, 4 only
Eco Marks are awarded to products that
are environmentally safe. What are the
conditions required to award Eco Marks?
1. Products should meet the standards
prescribed by the BIS.
2. All the products should display the
composition on the label Pasted on the
container of the product along with
dates of manufacturing and expiry
3. The manufacture of a product should
use recyclable packaging materials
only.
Select the correct code
a. 1and 3 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. Only 3
d. All the above
Consider the following statement:1. Open Source Drug Discovery (OSDD)
is an. initiative of the World Health
Organization to provide affordable
Health care.
2. Under OSDD the objective is to
discover novel therapies for diseases
like TB, Malaria and Kala-Azar.
Which one of the above is/are correcta. 1only
b. 2 only
c. Both 1 and 2
d. Neither 1 nor 2
Life on Earth is Carbon based, while some
opine the view that it could be Silicon
based also.
Why Carbon is superior to Silicon in this
context:
1. Carbon can sustain more bonding
patterns than Silicon
2. Carbon is more abundant in nature
than silicon
3. Carbon compounds are more reactive
than Silicon
Which among the above is / are correct
statements?
a. 1 and 2 Only
b. 2 and 3
c. 1 and 3
d. All of the above
46.
Consider following statements regarding

SAGA-20.
1. This is fastest Super Computer built
in India.
2. It has been designed by Centre for
Development of Advanced computing
(C-DAC) Pune.
3. It will be used in the development of
Computer Simulation Technology of
nuclear explosion.
4. It has peak performance capacity of
450 Tera Flops.
Which of the above statements are
correct?
a. Only 1 and 2
b. Only 1 and 4
c. Only 1, 3 and 4
d. All of the above
47.
Antarctica Treaty plays an important role
in
controlling,
human
activity
in
Antarctica. What is correct about
Antarctica Treaty1. It prohibits the military maneuvers
and weapon deployment
2. Freezes
territorial
claim
by
consultative parties
3. Ensures freedom of scientific research
4. It prohibits weapon testing and
disposal of radioactive wastes.
Options:a. 1, 2. 3 and 4
b. Only 3 and 4
c. Only 1, 3 and 4
d. Only 2, 3 and 4
48.
Consider the following statements related
to local winds.
1. Local winds are limited in the lower
parts of the troposphere,
2. Temperature increases during Loo.
3. The Chinook is helpful in grazing and
livestock activity.
4. Temperature falls below the freezing
point during the prevalence of the
Mistral.
Select the correct statement from the
above.
a. 1, 2, 3
b. 2, 3, 4
c. 3, 4
d. 1, 3, 4

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49.
The climate of India is influenced by large

number of factors and these are,
1. Upper air circulation
2. Southern Oscillation
3. Tropical and temperate cyclones
4. Physiography
Codes:a. 1, 2
b. 3, 4
c. 1, 2, 4
d. All the above
50.
It is interesting that the Arabian Sea
branch of the monsoon is much more
power full than the Bay of Bengal branch
and the reasons are1. The Arabian Sea is larger than the Bay
of Bengal.
2. The Arabian Sea branch covers Short
distance
to
reach
the
Indian
landmass.
3. The entire Arabian Sea current
advances toward India.
4. The Arabian sea branch hits More or
less perpendicularly to the coast of
India.
Codes:a. 2, 3, 4 are correct
c. 1, 2 and 3 are correct
d. All the above
51.
The phenomena of cloud burst is
associated with
a. Nimbostratus Cloud
b. Cumulonimbus Cloud
c. Cumulus Cloud
d. Stratocumulus Cloud
52.
SAMEER- a research Centre has been
working in the fields of
a. Nuclear Technology
b. Space Technology
c. Bio technology
d. Wave technology
53.
Consider the following statements,
1. Livestock contributes the maximum to
production of methane.
2. Rice cultivation is also a significant
contributor to atmospheric methane
release.
Which of the following statements are
true?
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.

a. Only I
b. Only2
c. Both 1 and 2
d. None
The Single largest source of mercury
pollution is1. Petrol
2. Diesel
3. Coal fueled Power Plant
4. Medical Equipment.
Project Elephant:1. To Protect Elephant, their habitat and
corridor.
2. To address issue of man-animal
conflict.
3. Welfare of domesticated Elephant.
Objective of project Elephant are:a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 1, 2 and 3
Consider the following statement:
1. The Cartagena Protocol deals with the
safe transfer, handling and use of
living modified organism.
2. The Cartagena protocol was negotiated
under the aegis of the convention on
Bio-diversity.
Correct Codes:a. Only 1
b. Only 2
c. Both 1 and 2
d. Neither 1 nor 2
Consider
the
following
statement
regarding marine life and deposits. Which
of them is/are not correct?
1. Neritic zone is the most important for
marine life.
2. Calcareous oozes cover the largest are
of oceanic deposits.
3. Red oozes are inorganic in nature.
Correct codes:
a. Only1
b. Only 2
c. 2 and 3
d. 1 and 2
Consider the following statement about
the Food Nutrition Board (FNB) and select
the correct answer?
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i. The main function of FNB is to oversee

implementation of various nutrition
sectoral schemes.
ii. The board also focuses on reduction of
micronutrient malnutrition among
people.
iii. The board undertakes awareness
campaign on prevention and control of
malnutrition at all levels including
infant and young child nutrition
issues.
iv. The food & Nutrition Board (FNB ) is
under the ministry of health and
family welfare.
Codes:
a. ii, iii, iv are correct
b. i, ii, iii are correct
c. all are correct
d. i, ii, iv are correct
59.
Consider
the
following
statements
regarding "VoIP Technology":
1. It means Voice and Video Telephony
over Internet Protocol Technology.
2. It uses circuit switching technology
and makes communication possible
over internet protocol.
3. It uses the power of the internet to
manage the service delivery of both
voice and visual communications via
online streaming methods instead of
traditional method.
correct?
a. 1, 2 only
b. 2, 3 only
c. 1, 3 only
d. 1, 2 and 3
60.
Nowadays there is a large scale promotion
of using Olive oil in cooked food. Which of
the following is implicit to this?
1. Olive oil has more than 70% monounsaturated fats, meaning a single
bond in its structure which reduces
bad fats and -triglycerides.
2. Using these oils can be highly
beneficial
in
reducing
the
fat
deposition in liver.
3. There is also a problem associated
with olive oil-its overabundance of
oleic acid, which creates an imbalance
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on the cellular level that can inhibit

prostaglandin production, which can
increase the risk of breast cancer
4. It is widely considered to make a
significant decrease in the waist
circumference, body mass index levels
and, insulin resistance in people.
Select the correct answer using the code
below:
a. l and 2
b. 2, 3 and 4
c. 3 and 4
d. All of the above.
Which among the following features of
Viruses is/are common with other living
organisms?
1. Presence of genes
2. Evolution
3. Replication
4. Metabolism
Choose the correct option from the codes
given below
a. i and ii only
b. i, ii and iii
c. I, ii, iii, iv
d. iii and iv
Arsenic contamination of groundwater is
a pervasive and critical issue in recent
years. Which among the following is
implicit with it?
1. It is a high-profile problem due to the
use of deep tube wells for water supply
in the Ganges Delta, causing serious
arsenic poisoning to large numbers of
people.
2. Skin lesions in adults and acute
gastrointestinal diseases in infants
and children are the associated
diseases with it.
3. Environmental
Protection
Agency
standard of 20 parts per billion is the
safe limit for presence of arsenic in
ground water.
Codes:
a. 1 only
b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 3
d. 1, 2 and 3
Oxo-biodegradable plastic is nowadays
widely coming into use. Which of the
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64.
65.
following related to these plastics is

correct?
1. To make these additives mainly
metallic salts are used.
2. The degradation process is shortened
from hundreds of years to almost 2
years by a process of oxidation.
3. Exposure to one or more degradation
promoters
(Sunlight,
heat
or
microorganism) is needed for these
bags to degrade.
4. Mauritius is the only country which
has banned the import or local
manufacture of nondegradable plastic
bags, and has specified that only oxo
biodegradable can be considered
degradable.
Codes:
a. 1 and 2
b. 2 only
c. 1, 2 and 3
d. All of the above.
Cryopreservation is a technique which is
particularly
useful
for
conserving
vegetatively propagated crops. Which
among the following are correct in relation
to cryopreservation?
1. It is an in-vitro conservation which is
done at a temperature of -196 degree
Celsius.
2. It is one of the type of in situ
conservation.
Codes:
a. 1 is correct
b. 2 is correct
c. Both are correct
d. Both are incorrect.
The classical example of secondary
pollutant is photochemical ''smog which
is
formed
in
traffic
congested
Metropolitan cities. Which among the
following are features of this?
1. Warm conditions and intense solar
radiation are needed.
2. Photochemical smog is composed
mainly of ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate
and nitrogen oxides.
3. In areas of intense solar radiation it is
called as brown air while in areas or
66.
67.

seasons of lesser solar radiation it is

referred, as smog.
Codes:
a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 3
c. 3 only
d. 1 and 3
Consider the following statements:
1. The difference in impact between
classical El Nino and El Nino Modoki
is that wherein former peak sea
surface temperature (SST) anomalies
appear in the eastern Pacific whereas
the later is characterized by distinct
warn SST anomalies in the central
Pacific.
2. El Nio Modoki is a coupled oceanatmosphere phenomenon in the
tropical Pacific. It is different from
another coupled phenomenon in the
tropical Pacific namely, El Nio.
Conventional El Nio is characterized
by strong anomalous warming in the
eastern equatorial Pacific (see figure
below). Whereas, El Nio Modoki is
associated with strong anomalous
warming in the central tropical Pacific
and cooling in the eastern and western
tropical Pacific
Which of the statements given above
is/are correct?
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. Both 1 and 2
d. Neither 1 nor 2
1. Probiotics
are
digestible
food
ingredients that stimulate the growth
and/or activity of bacteria in the
digestive system in ways claimed to be
beneficial to health.
2. Prebiotics are living micro-organisms
which help the Host body to digest
food and gain immunity.
Which of the statements given above
is/are correct?
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. Both 1 and 2
d. Neither 1 nor 2
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68.
Consider the following statements and

select correct answer.
i. The Gangetic dolphins, plantaista
Gangetica are one of the four
freshwater dolphins found and differ
from the marine species. It was
declared as Indias National Aquatic
animal in 2009.
ii. Listed by IUCN as Endangered and
placed in schedule 1 of Indian
Wildlife (protection) Act,1972 , the
dolphin enjoys high levels of legal
protection
nationally
and
internationally.
iii. The river dolphin is an indicator
animal, which has the same position
in a river ecosystem as a tiger in a
forest.
iv. According to a world wide fund for
nature (WWF) estimate, the population
of dolphin has decreased from 4,000
5,000 in 1982 to a less than 2,000 at
present.
Codes:
a. ii , iii , iv
b. i, ii, iii
c. All
d. i, ii, iv
69.
Consider the following statement and
select the correct answer
i. The primary causes of child deaths in
India are sepsis, low birth weight and
Asphyxia
ii. The primary causes of neonatal deaths
in India are pneumonia, Diarrhea and
Malaria.
Codes:
a. i only
b. ii only
c. Both
d. None
70.
Consider the following statement about
the integrated Low Cost Sanitation
Scheme and select the correct answer?
i. It basically aims at conversion of
individual dry latrine into pour flush
latrine there by liberating manual
scavengers
ii. the scheme is on All Town coverage
basis on BPL population
iii. The scheme is limited to EWS

households only
Codes.
a. i, ii only
b. i, iii only
c. ii, iii only
d. All
71.
The UN declared 2010 as the
international year of
a. Soils
b. Sustainable Energy
c. Biodiversity
d. Water cooperation
72.
Match the following different varieties of
species diversity
List I
List - II
1)Alpha diversity
a) species present at
landscape scale
2)Beta diversity
b)change in
species
present among habitats
3)Gamma diversity c)species within a habitat
a. 1-a,2-b,3-c
b. 1-c,2-b,3-a
c. 1-a,2-c,3-b
d. 1-c,2-a,3-b
73.
In general, the species diversity from
equator towards poles
a. increases
b. remains same
c. decreases
d. random
74.
Species richness with rising altitude
a. increases
b. remains same
c. decreases
d. random
75.
The decline of Lion-tailed Macaque in
Western Ghats is majorly due to
a. Habitat loss and fragmentation
b. Over-exploitation
c. Introduction of new species
d. Co-extinction
76.
Which of the
following are
the
characteristics of National Park?
1. No rights are allowed for the people
living inside
2. No grazing of any livestock is
permitted
3. Any removal or exploitation of wildlife
or
forest
produce
requires

P a g e | 10
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
recommendation of the State Board

for Wildlife
a. 1, 2, 3
b. 1 and 2 only
c. 3 only
d. None of the above
Which of the following is a biosphere
reserve located in Tamil Nadu having key
fauna Nilgiri Tahr, Lion Tailed
Macaque?
a. Gulf of Mannar
b. Nilgiri Biosphere reserve
c. Agasthyamalai
d. Seshachalam hills
Which of the following biosphere reserve
is a part of the UNESCO MAB Programme
i. Nanda Devi
ii. Nokrek
iii. Nilgiri
iv. Nicobar islands
a. 1, 2, 3, 4
b. 1, 2, 3
c. 1, 2, 4
d. 1, 3, 4
Which of the following reserves have been
declared as tiger reserves
1. Biligiri
2. Pilibhit
3. Ratapani
4. Sunabeda
a. 1, 2, 3
b. 1,2 4
c. 1,2, 3, 4
Which of the following are the goals of
Indian Rhino Vision 2020
i. To increase the total rhino population
in Arunachal Pradesh from 2000 to
3000 by the year 2020
ii. To ensure the distribution of these
rhinos over at least six Protected
Areas to provide long-term viability
a. 1 only
b. only
c. Both 1 and 2
d. None
Match the following IUCN Red List
classification of species based on their
definition
A. Extinct
B. Critically
2) No known
Endangered individuals remaining
C. Vulnerable
3) Extremely high
risk of extinction in
the wild
D. Endangered 4) High risk of

extinction in the wild
a.
b.
c.
d.
82.
83.
84.
85.

1) High risk of
endangerment in wild
A-1;B-2;C-3;D-4
A-2;B-3;C-1;D-4
A-4;B-3;C-2;D-1
A-4;B-3;C-2;D-1
To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot a
region must meet which of the following
criteria?
i. It must contain at least 0.5% or 1500
species of vascular plants as endemics
ii. It have lost at least 70% of its primary
vegetation
a. 1 only
b. only
c. Both 1 and 2
d. None
The National Biodiversity Authority
1. Established in the year 2002 to
implement Indias Biological Diversity
Act
2. It is an autonomous body
3. It has its Headquarters at Hyderabad
a. 1,2,3
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 1 and 2 only
d. only
The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety has
established
i. Advance informed agreement (AIA)
procedure
ii. Biosafety Clearing House
a. 1 only
b. only
c. Both 1 and 2
d. None
The
main
functions
of
Genetic
Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC)
are
P a g e | 11
i. To permit the use of GMOs and

products thereof for commercial
applications
ii. To adopt producers for restriction or
prohibition, production, sale, import
and use of GMOs both for research
and applications under EPA
iii. To approve for conduct of large scale
field trial data and final approval for
release of transgenic crop into the
environment
iv. To authorize large scale production
and release of GMOs and products
thereof into the environment
v. To authorize agencies or persons to
have powers to take punitive actions
under EPA
a. 1, 2, 3, 4 only
b. 1, 2, 4 only
c. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
d. 1, 2, 5 only
86.
i. The Delhi Metro was awarded the
prestigious Gold Standard Foundation
(GSF) certification standard for using
the energy efficiently.
ii. Delhi Metro became the first ever
Railway system in the world with
GSF certification standard. Which
of the above is/are correct?
a. 1 only
b. only
c. Both 1 and 2
d. None
87.
Consider
the
following
about
the
Environmental Performance Index (EPI):
1. The Environmental Performance Index
(EPI) ranks how well countries
perform on protection of human
health from environmental harm and
protection of ecosystems.
2. The country with the highest EPI is
Switzerland.
Which of the above is/are correct?
a. 1 only
b. only
c. Both 1 and 2
d. None
88.
Recently the mandatory fuel standards
were notified by the Power Ministry and
the Bureau of Energy Efficiency. Consider

the following statements in this context
and select the correct answer:
i. The fuel efficiency norms will be based
on the average weight of the fleet of
cars that manufacturers sell in a year.
ii. Under the new norms there will be
labelling of each vehicle which would
enable the potential buyers to make
an informed choice about the cars.
iii. The Ministry of Road Transport and
Highways
will
implement
the
standards under the Central Motor
Vehicle Rules, 1989.
a. 1, 2 only
b. 2, 3 only
c. 1, 3 only
d. All of the above
89.
newly discovered gas Per Fluoro Tri Butyl
Amine (PFTBA):
1. PFTBA is a long-lived greenhouse gas
(GHG) which is 7100 times more
potent than carbon dioxide at
warming the Earth.
2. PFTBA occurs naturally at earth in
forests and oceans.
Which of the above is/are correct?
a. 1 only
b. only
c. Both 1 and 2
d. None
90.
Which of the following is correct about
'Garuda Vasudha' recently launched by
Geological Survey of India?
a. It is an online programme to provide
information about various activities.
b. It is a dedicated force to protect the
important geological sites.
c. It is a robotic equipment to help in
finding the different minerals.
d. It is an Advanced Light Helicopter to
provide help to GSI.
91.
Consider the following statements and
select the correct answer:
i. Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species (CITES) is also
known as the Washington Convention.
ii. Currently 178 nations are members of
CITES.

P a g e | 12
92.
93.
94.
95.
iii. It is legally binding on all Parties to

the agreement to implement the
Convention, and replaces the national
laws of member countries.
a. 1, 2 only
b. 2,3 only
c. 1,3 only
d. All of the above
Which of the following is declared as
Indias First Marine Eco-Sensitive Zone?
a. Marine National Park in Gulf of Kutch.
b. Sunderban National Park in Bay of
Bengal.
c. Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park.
d. Rani Jhansi Marine National Park in
Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Which of the following species has longest
memories among the non-human species?
a. Sea turtle
b. Dolphin
c. Elephant
d. Python
Every organism adapts itself to the
particular environment for survival.
Consider
the
following
statements
regarding different adaptation measures:
a. The beaks of different birds are
adapted according to the climate.
b. Long thin beak helps in feeding on
fish, insects and plants in water.
c. Flat beak is useful for crushing nuts.
correct?
a. Only 1
b. 1 and 2
c. 2 and 3
the features of Neo-Darwinism:
i. Organisms tend to produce more off
springs that can be supported by the
environment.
ii. Mutation causes new genes to arise in
a population. Thus, members of the
same species show variation and are
not exactly identical.
iii. Genes that help the organism to adapt
to its environment are reproduced
more in a population due to natural
selection.

correct?
a.
1 only
b.
2 only
c.
3 only
d.
All of the above
96.
Extinction means the dying out of a
variety of species. It occurs when species
cannot evolve fast enough to cope with
the changes taking place in their
environment. Many species in India are
on the verge of extinction, these are
known as endangered species.
Match the following endangered species
with their location:
Species
National Park
A. Snow Leopard I. Kaziranga National Park
B. Rhinoceros II. Hemis National Park
C. Ibex
III. Periyar National Park
D. Pygmy Hog IV. Manas Tiger Reserve
a. A-I, B- II C III, D IV
b. A-II, C-III, D- IV B-I
c. A-II C-IV D-III
d. A-I B-II, C-IV, D-III
97.
Population of large mobile animals like
tigers, leopards, lions, deer, etc. are
determined by counting the pugmarks
(foot imprints) left by the animals in a
defined area. Consider the following
statements about the outcome of
studying pugmarks:
i. Pugmarks of each individual animal
are unique.
ii. It helps in identification of number of
species in a definite area.
iii. It helps in determination of sex ratio
but age (young or adult) of large
tigers cannot be determined. Which
of the above statements are correct?
a. 1 and 2
b. and 3
c. 1 and 3
d. All of the above
98.
Why the wall lizards are found near the
tube-light during summer?
a. Because lizards outer skin normally
comes off during the summer, thus
requires UV rays.

P a g e | 13
b. To eat insects (grasshoppers, ants,

crickets, and beetles) and spiders
found near light.
c. They require warm temperature of the
range (82 to 95 degrees F) as they are
cold blooded.
99.
the detritus food chain:
i. Energy for this food chain comes from
remains of detritus.
ii. This food chain helps in fixing organic
nutrients.
iii. Vultures and crabs are detritivores.
Detritus food chains are generally longer
than grazing food chains. Which of the
above statements are correct?
a. 1, 2, 3
b. 1, 2, 4
c. 1 and 3
d. All of the above
100. Which of the following statements about
acid rain is/are correct?
i. Due to increase in the concentration
of sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen
and halogens like Chlorine and
Fluorine in the atmosphere, the
acidity of rainwater increases.
ii. Acid rain is harmful to the chlorophyll
and ultimately affects the process of
photosynthesis.
a. Only I
b. Only II
c. Both I and II
*****

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ANALOG IAS INSTITUTE

2nd Floor, 1-2-288/32, Indira Park 'X' Roads, Domalguda, Hyderabad 500029
Ph. No: 040-64590440, 9912441137
website: www.analogeducation.in
A3
PRELIMS TEST SERIES 2016
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT - KEY & EXPLANATION

Number of Questions: 100
1.
Ans: C
Exp: The outer color (silvery) will reflect most of
radiation, while the black color inside will absorb
anything passing through outer layer. White color will
reflect more and absorbs less.
2.
Ans: A
Exp: This relative mobility of electrons within a
material
is
known
as
electric conductivity.
Conductivity is determined by the types of atoms in
a material (the number of protons in each atoms
nucleus, determining its chemical identity) and how
the atoms are linked together with one another.
Materials with high electron mobility (many free
electrons) are called conductors, while materials
with low electron mobility (few or no free electrons)
are called insulators.
It must be understood that not all conductive
materials have the same level of conductivity, and
not all insulators are equally resistant to electron
motion.
3.
Ans: D
Exp: Heat can cause a change in bodys
temperature by changing the internal energy of the
body. Internal energy of a body is the total energy
(Kinetic and potential) of its molecules. Heat energy
is produced at the expense of mechanical energy
and vice versa. Ex: - Rub your palms vigorously,
palm becomes warmer.
Heat is measurable
quantity it is expressed in calorie or Joule.
4.
Ans: D
Exp: An artificial satellite moving round the Earth in a
circular orbit possesses an acceleration which is
"constant" in magnitude but "changing in direction".
An artificial satellite revolves round the earth under
centripetal acceleration. By the launch rocket,
immediately before the satellite is established in the
predetermined orbit, the speed given to it is 30, 000
km/hr. The speed must be great enough so gravity
doesn't bring the satellite back to Earth, but not so
great that the satellite escapes gravity out into space.
This means that the speed, which is provided by the
rocket is the source of the centrifugal force, and the
attraction of the earth holds it from moving away from
this centrifugal force. In this question Option D is
correct answer
5.
Ans: A
Exp:
A cryogenic
rocket
engine is
a rocket
engine that uses a cryogenic fuel or oxidizer, that
is, its fuel or oxidizer (or both) are gases liquefied
and stored at very low temperatures. Rocket
engines need high mass flow rate of both oxidizer
and fuel to generate a sufficient thrust. At that time
oxygen and low molecular weight hydrocarbons
were used as oxidizer and fuel pair. At room
temperature and pressure, both are in gaseous
state. Hypothetically, if propellants had been stored
as pressurized gases, the size and mass of fuel
tanks themselves would severely decrease rocket
efficiency. Therefore, to get the required mass flow
rate, the only option was to cool the propellants
down to cryogenic temperatures (below 183 C [90
K], 253 C [20 K]), converting them to liquid form.
Hence, all cryogenic rocket engines are also, by
definition,
either liquid-propellant
rocket
engines or hybrid rocket engines.
6.
Ans: C
Exp:
In
the
process
of photosynthesis,
the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the
energy of sunlight is called photo phosphorylation.
Only two sources of energy are available to living
organisms: sunlight and reduction-oxidation (redox)
reactions. All organisms produce ATP, which is the
universal energy currency of life. This involves
photolysis of water and a continuous unidirectional
flow of electron from water to PS.
In photo phosphorylation, light energy is used
to create a high-energy electron donor and a lowerenergy electron acceptor. Electrons then move
spontaneously from donor to acceptor through
an electron transport chain.
7. Ans: B
Exp: White blood cells are also referred to as WBCs
or leukocytes. They are the cells that make up the
majority of the immune system, which is the part of
the body that protects itself against foreign
substances and various types of infections.
Leukocytes are made in the bone marrow from
multipotent cells called hematopoietic stem cells.
Leukocytes exist in all parts of the body, including
the connective tissue, lymph system, and the
bloodstream. There are five different types of white

Page |1
blood cells, each of which has a different funtions

in the immune system.
8.
Ans: D
Exp: Viruses lie around our environment all of the
time just waiting for a host cell to come along. They
can enter us through the nose, mouth or breaks in
the skin. Viruses are spread (transmitted) in
various ways. Some are swallowed, some are
inhaled, and some are spread by the bites of
insects, such as mosquitoes, certain biting flies, or
ticks. Some are spread sexually or during
transfusion of contaminated blood.
9.
Ans: A
Exp: Dietary fiber or roughage is the indigestible
portion of food derived from plants. It has two main
components:
Soluble fiber, which dissolves in water, is

readily fermented in the colon into gases and
physiologically active byproducts, and can
be prebiotic and viscous.
Insoluble fiber, which does not dissolve in

water, is metabolically inert and provides
bulking, or it can be prebiotic and
metabolically ferment in the large intestine.
Bulking fibers absorb water as they move
through the digestive system, easing defecation
10.
Ans: B
Exp: Vitamin C cannot be made by the human
body and so is an essential component of the
diet. It is needed for the health and repair of
various tissues in your body, including skin, bone,
teeth and cartilage. Persistent lack of vitamin C in
your diet can lead to a condition called scurvy.
Symptoms of scurvy include easy bruising, easy
bleeding and joint and muscle pains. Vitamin C
deficiency can be treated with supplements of
vitamin C and a diet rich in vitamin C.
11. Ans: B
Exp: Vitamin A Deficiency Symptoms. The
main symptom of vitamin A deficiency is vision loss
and blindness. Vision loss often begins as a problem
adjusting to seeing in the dark, or night blindness
12.
Ans: C
Exp: A compound is made when atoms of different
elements join together by chemical bonds. This
means
that
... Water
molecule, Water two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom joined
together.
13.
Ans: C
Exp: It is a soft, silver-white metal belonging to
the alkali
metal group of
chemical
elements.
Under standard conditions, it is the lightest metal
and the least dense solid element. Like all alkali
metals, lithium is highly reactive and flammable.
14.
Ans: B
Exp: Photographic fixer is a mix of chemicals used
in the final step in the photographic processing of
film or paper. The fixer stabilises the image,

removing the unexposed silver halide remaining on
the photographic
film or photographic
paper,
leaving behind the reduced metallic silver that
forms the image. By fixation, the film or paper is
insensitive to further action by light. Without fixing,
the remaining silver halide would darken and
cause fogging of the image. Fixation is commonly
achieved by treating the film or paper with a
solution of thiosulfate salt. Popular salts
are sodium thiosulfatecommonly called hypo
and ammonium thiosulfate
15. Ans: A
16. Ans: D
Exp: Thirteen vitamins are universally recognized
at present. Vitamins are classified by their
biological and chemical activity, not their
structure. An organic chemical compound (or
related set of compounds) is called a vitamin when
the organism cannot synthesize the compound in
sufficient quantities, and it must be obtained
through the diet; thus, the term "vitamin" is
conditional upon the circumstances and the
particular organism.
17. Ans: A
Exp: All organisms on Earth are carbon-based life
forms, meaning that most of their complex molecules
are made up of carbon bonded to other elements. the
atoms of carbon in human body were once part of
carbon dioxide in the air! Carbon atoms end up in
human body, and in other life forms, thanks to the
second stage of photosynthesis, known as the Calvin
cycle (or the light-independent reactions).
18. Ans: B
Exp: During the process of photosynthesis, light
penetrates the cell and passes into the chloroplast. The
light energy is intercepted by chlorophyll molecules on
the granal stacks. Some of the light energy is converted
to chemical energy. During this process, a phosphate
is added to a molecule to cause the formation of ATP.
The third phosphate chemical bond contains the new
chemical energy. The ATP then provides energy to
some of the other photosynthetic reactions that are
causing the conversion of CO2 into sugars.
19. Ans: A
Exp: Black diamond or carbonado is toughest form of
natural diamond.it is impure form of polycrystalline
diamond consisting of diamond graphite and
amorphous carbon .
So 1 is correct
Graphite on heating gives daiomond but not vice versa
.so 2 is wrong
20. Ans: A
21. Ans: C
Exp: The complete hydrolysis of proteins yield about
20 different aminoacids. It was concluded that proteins
are made up of only amino acids.

Page |2
Amino acids are chemical compounds that contain

both acidic carboxy and basic amino groups.
The amino acids of a protein are united to one another
by their respective carboxyl and amino groups, forming
a peptide bond and with repetition it is called as
polypeptide chain.
All are correct
22. Ans: C
Exp: Methamphetamine is a strong central nervous
system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a
recreational drug and less commonly as a treatment
for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity.
Ephedrine is Methamphetamine analogue but not the
same. Both are recreational drugs.
23. Ans: B
Exp: Lactic acid is formed and accumulated in the
muscle under conditions of high energy demand, rapid
fluctuations of the energy requirement and insufficient
supply of oxygen. During intense exercise sustained to
fatigue muscle ph decreases to 6.4-6.6
24. Ans: A
Exp: Congenital disease is birth defect or anomaly is a
condition existing at or before birth regardless of cause
involves in a developing foetus
25. Ans: C
Exp: Antidepressants are used for treating depression
like syndromes, they work by removing certain
chemicals from brain like neurotransmitters so 1 is
correct
Antipyretics like aspirin is used during fever to reduce
temp. Anything described as antipyretic works against
a fever.
So both are correct.
26. Ans: C
Exp:
Tea stimulates nervous system. Green tea is good for
digestive system, and it contains polyphenols,
catechins. C is correct.
27. Ans: C
Exp: They are least subatomic particles they are least
interactive so need large detector to have a solar
interact .not difficult to detect but to interact we need a
large detector so third statement is incorrect.
28. Ans: A
Exp: An ultrasound scan is a medical test that uses
high-frequency sound waves to capture live images
from the inside of your body. The technology is similar
to that used by sonar and radar, which help the
military detect planes and ships. An ultrasound allows
your doctor to see problems with organs, vessels, and
tissueswithout needing to make an incision..Unlike
other imaging techniques, ultrasound uses no
radiation, so it is the preferred method for viewing a
developing fetus during pregnancy. Ultrasound is also
known as sonography.
29. Ans: C
Exp: Because kinetic energy of parachute was affected
by the mass attached
30. Ans: A
Exp: Both due to refraction. Refraction is the bending
of a wave when it enters a medium where its speed is
different. The refraction of light when it passes from a
fast medium to a slow medium bends the light ray
toward the normal to the boundary between the two
media.
31. Ans: B
Exp: liver, yellow color due to high bilirubin levels in
blood
32. Ans: A
Exp: The distinction is that eukaryotic cells have a
"true" nucleus containing their DNA, whereas
prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. Both
eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain large RNA/protein
structures called ribosomes, which produce protein
33. Ans: C
Exp: Blood group O is a universal donor and can be
donated to anyone.
34. Ans: C
Exp: They are found in nature 2. They are always
unsaturated 3. They increase level of LDL (i.e. Bad
Cholesterol) 4. They decrease the level of HDL (i.e.
Good Cholesterol) 5. They are outcome of the Partial
Hydrogenation and not the complete Hydrogenation,
because complete Hydrogenation would end the double
bonds.
35. Ans: A
Exp: Catenation is the linkage of atoms of the same
element into longer chains. Catenation occurs most
readily in carbon, which forms covalent bonds with
other carbon atoms to form longer chains and
structures. This is the reason for the presence of the
vast number of organic compounds in nature
36. Ans: A
Exp: Sonar is a modern technology which helps us to
track submarines, fish, ship wrecks, map the seabed
and for other navigational purposes. The four main
factors that affect the performance of a sonar system
are a high power transmitter, an efficient transducer, a
sensitive receiver and an acoustic communication
system.
37. Ans: D
Exp: Enzymes are proteins that allow certain chemical
reactions to take place much quicker than the
reactions would occur on their own. Enzymes function
as catalysts, which means that they speed up the rate
at which metabolic processes and reactions occur in
living organisms.
38. Ans: D
Exp: Liquid aerosol is fog and dust so d
39. Ans: C
Exp: The number of bacteria in one hour have been
formed by half the number of bacteria in previous

Page |3
minute since bacterial cells divides into two each

minute, therefore the answer is 59 minutes.
40. Ans: B
Exp: Jet engines and rockets work on the same
principle. They produce thrust through an internal
pressure difference and, as explained by Newtons
Third Law of Motion, eject exhaust gases in an equal
and opposite direction. The main difference between
them is that jets get the oxygen to burn fuel from the
air and rockets carry their own oxygen, which allows
them to operate in space. This also leads to a second
major difference. Jet engines have two openings (an
intake and an exhaust nozzle). Rocket engines only
have one opening (an exhaust nozzle).
41. Ans: B
Exp: The Coriolis effect is caused by the rotation of the
Earth and the inertia of the mass experiencing the
effect. It is a apparent force and not real force.
42. Ans: C
Exp: A macromolecule is a very large molecule
commonly created by polymerization of smaller
subunits. In biochemistry, the term is applied to the
three conventional biopolymers (nucleic acids, lipids,
proteins and carbohydrates), as well as non-polymeric
molecules with large molecular mass such as lipids
and macrocycles. The individual constituent molecules
of macromolecules are called monomers (mono=single,
meros=part). Some examples of macromolecules are
bio-polymers (DNA, carbohydrates, proteins, and
lipids), synthetic polymers (plastics, synthetic fibers,
and synthetic rubber), graphene, and carbon nano
tubes
43. Ans: D
Exp: The Scheme is being operated on a national basis
and provides certification and labeling for house-hold
and other consumer products which meet certain
environmental criteria along with quality requirements
prescribed in relevant Indian Standards for the
product. For the implementation of the scheme, BIS is
responsible.
44. Ans: B
Exp: Open Source Drug Discovery (OSDD) is an.
initiative of the CSIR not the WHO. Open Source Drug
Discovery is a Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research, India (CSIR)-led Team India Consortium
with global participation. Offering a collaborative drug
discovery platform for neglected tropical diseases like
leishmaniasis, which draw limited attention of
research, based pharmaceutical enterprises
45. Ans: D
Exp: What is the difference between Carbon and
silicon?
- Carbon is a nonmetal, and silicon is a metalloid.
- Carbon and silicon have the same common electron
configuration as s2, p2. But in silicon, the electrons are
spread into the 3rd energy level, whereas in carbon it is
only to the 2nd energy level. This difference occurs
because of carbon in the 2nd period, but silicon in the

3rd.
- Silicon is less reactive than carbon.
- Silicon atom is larger than the carbon atom.
- Pure carbon compounds occur in nature such as
diamond, graphite and coal. But pure silicon
compounds are hardly found. They exist as oxides or
silicates.
46. Ans: B
Designed by ISRO. answer is b. Used for solving
complex aeronautical problems
SAGA built by ISRO, is capable of performing at 450
teraflop/s
47. Ans: C
Exp: Doesn't recognizes territorial claims.
The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements,
collectively known as the Antarctic Treaty System
(ATS), regulate international relations with respect to
Antarctica,
Articles of the Antarctic Treaty [edit]
Article 1 The area is to be used for peaceful purposes
only; military activity, such as weapons testing, is
prohibited but military personnel and equipment may
be used for scientific research or any other peaceful
purpose;
Article 2 Freedom of scientific investigations and
cooperation shall continue;
Article 3 Free exchange of information and personnel
in cooperation with the United Nations and other
international agencies;
Article 4 The treaty does not recognize, dispute, nor
establish territorial sovereignty claims; no new claims
shall be asserted while the treaty is in force;
Article 5 The treaty prohibits nuclear explosions or
disposal of radioactive wastes;
48. Ans: A
Exp: Mistral helps in clearing the sky fresh weather in
summer mistral
49. Ans: C
Exp: Only tropical cyclone in India, as it is part of
tropical and subtropical belt.
50. Ans: A
Exp: Arabian sea is less land locked than that of Bay
of Bengal.
51. Ans: B
Exp: Heavy precipitation with hails occurs very few
minutes. Rapid precipitation from cumulonimbus
clouds is possible due to Langmuir process where large
droplets can grow rapidly by coagulation with small
droplets
52. Ans: D
Exp: Society for applied microwave electronic
engineering and research
53. Ans: C
Exp: More temperature and more CO2 in atmosphere
results rice to release more CH4

Page |4
54. Ans: C
Exp: Coal-fired power plants. Mercury exists naturally
in coal, making coal-fired power plants the largest
source of mercury pollution. Coal accounts for nearly
50 percent of the electricity generated and almost 50
tons of mercury emissions annually
55. Ans: D
Exp: Project Elephant (PE) was launched by the
Government of India in the year 1992 as a Centrally
Sponsored Scheme with following objectives:
To protect elephants, their habitat & corridors
To address issues of man-animal conflict
Welfare of captive elephants

56. Ans: C
Exp: The Cartagena Protocol on Bio safety is a legally
binding protocol to the Convention on Biological
Diversity (CBD). It assists developing countries in
building their capacity for managing modern
biotechnology
It creates an advanced informed agreement (AIA)

procedure that requires exporters to seek
consent from importing countries before the
first shipment of LMOs meant to be introduced
into the environment (e.g. seeds for planting,
fish for release, and microorganisms for
bioremediation)
It establishes an internet-based Bio safety

Clearing-House to help countries exchange
scientific, technical, environmental and legal
information about LMOs.
57. Ans: D
Exp: Neritic zone- shallow part, having good sunlight
and oxygen.
Oozes are organic .
Calcareous forms large part in earth
58. Ans: B
Exp: It works under the ministry of women and child
development.
59. Ans: D
Exp: Voice over IP (VoIP) is a methodology and group of
technologies for the delivery of voice communications
and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP)
networks, such as the Internet. Other terms commonly
associated with VoIP are IP telephony, Internet
telephony, broadband telephony, and broadband
phone service
60. Ans: B
Exp: 1. Olive oil has more than 70% -monounsaturated fats, meaning a double bond in its
structure
2. Olive oil reduces the risk of fatty liver disease
3. Even though an equivocal association was observed
for the consumption of total monounsaturated fatty
acids (MUFA) and the risk of breast cancer, there exists
an inverse association in the case of oleic acid
4. monounsaturated fats improved insulin sensitivity

and lowered insulin and blood sugar levels after meals,
according to a study
61. Ans: B
Exp: In Viruses are most often considered replicators
rather than forms of life. They have been described as
"organisms at the edge of life," because
They possess genes
They evolve by natural selection
They replicate by creating multiple copies of

themselves through self-assembly.
62. Ans: A
Exp: 1. usually observed in the skin, and include
pigmentation changes, skin lesions and hard patches
on the palms and soles of the feet may be precursor to
skin cancer. In addition to skin cancer, long-term
exposure to arsenic may also cause cancers of the
bladder and lungs
2. EPA standard of 10ppb is the safe limit of arsenic in
drinking water.
63. Ans: C
Exp: Oxo-biodegradable plastic - made from polymers
such as PE (polyethylene) PP (polypropylene) and PS
(polystyrene) containing extra ingredients (NOT heavy
metals).
OXO-bio plastic is conventional polyolefin plastic to
which has been added small amounts of metal salts.
These salts catalyze the degradation process to speed it
up so that the OXO plastic will degrade abiotically at
the end of its useful life in the presence of oxygen
much more quickly than ordinary plastic. At the end of
that process it is no longer visible, it is no longer a
plastic as it has been converted via Carboxylation or
Hydroxylation to small-chain organic chemicals which
will then biodegrade. It does not therefore leave
fragments of plastic in the environment. The
degradation process is shortened from decades to years
and/or months for abiotic degradation.
Many European countries like France and even smaller
African country like Ghana banned non degradable
plastics.
64. Ans: D
Exp: Cryopreservation is a process where cells, whole
tissues, or any other substances susceptible to damage
caused by chemical reactivity or time are preserved by
cooling to sub-zero temperatures.
In
vitro studies are
colloquially
called
test
tube experiments and in a artificially created cultural
medium.
Cryo preservation is done at sub cooled temperatures
But not invirto conservation techniques. Cryo
preservation is not insitu mechanism of conservation
and can be done only at specialised conditions of
labouratory. Both cryo and invirto together used for
conservasation of few plant germaplasm.

Page |5
65. Ans: B
Exp: Photochemical smog is nothing but haze in the
atmosphere accompanied by high levels of ozone and
nitrogen oxides, caused by the action of sunlight on
pollutants. Photochemical smog is the chemical
reaction of sunlight, nitrogen oxides and volatile
organic compounds in the atmosphere, which
leaves airborne particles and ground-level ozone.
The brown color is cause by the presence of a various
Nitrous Oxides. Intense solar radiation is not required
to create Smog.
66. Ans: C
El Nio Modoki is a coupled ocean-atmosphere
phenomenon in the tropical Pacific. It is different from
another coupled phenomenon in the tropical Pacific
namely, El Nio. Conventional El Nio is characterized
by strong anomalous warming in the eastern
equatorial Pacific, Whereas, El Nio Modoki is
associated with strong anomalous warming in the
central tropical Pacific and cooling in the eastern and
western tropical Pacific.
ENSO Modoki events significantly influence the
temperature and precipitation over many parts of the
globe. Depending on the season, the impacts over
regions such as the Far East including Japan, New
Zealand, western coast of United States, etc., are
opposite to those of the conventional ENSO.
Both statements directly picked from Explanation of
Elnino Modoki.
67. Ans: D
Exp: Probiotics are good bacteria that help keep your
digestive system healthy by controlling growth of
harmful bacteria. Prebiotics are carbohydrates that
cannot be digested by the human body. They are food
for probiotics.
68. Ans: C
Exp: To save dolphins from extinction, the Union
government has declared them as the national aquatic
animal. The dolphins found in the Ganga are a rare
species.
This decision was taken in the first meeting of the
National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA)
Since the river dolphin is at the apex of the aquatic
food chain, its presence in adequate numbers
symbolises greater bio-diversity in the river system.
Ganges River Dolphins prefer deep waters, in and
around the confluence of two or more rivers. They
share their habitat with crocodiles, fresh water turtles
and wetland birds. The distribution range of the
Ganges River Dolphins in India covers seven states
namely, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal.
Once present in tens of thousands of numbers, the
Ganges River Dolphin has dwindled abysmally to less
than 2000 during the last century owing to direct
killing, habitat fragmentation by dams and barrages,
indiscriminate fishing and pollution of the rivers.
Listed by IUCN as 'endangered' and placed in

Schedule-I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, the
Ganges River Dolphin enjoys high levels of legal
protection both nationally and internationally. Yet its
numbers continue to decline. The absence of a
coordinated conservation plan, lack of awareness and
continuing anthropogenic pressure, are posing an
incessant threat to the existing dolphin population.
69. Ans: D
Exp: India, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo,
Pakistan and China collectively accounted for half of
the total number of under-five deaths globally. In India,
around 1.7 million children died before reaching the
age of 5 years in 2010, and more than half of them
(52%) died in the first month of life. The major causes
of deaths were pneumonia (24%), prematurity (20%)
and diarrhoea (13%).
Thirty-seven percent of the neonatal deaths occurred
within 24 hours, 76% within 0-3 days, 84% within 0-7
days, and the remaining 16% within 8-28 days. Birth
asphyxia (45%), prematurity/low birth weight (15%),
sepsis/meningitis (12%), respiratory distress syndrome
(7%), and pneumonia (6%) were the major direct
causes of death. Birth asphyxia (52.8%) was the single
largest category of cause of death in the early neonatal
period while meningitis/sepsis (48.3%) was the single
largest category in the late neonatal period.
70. Ans: A
71. Ans: C
Exp: The United Nations observes designated days,
weeks, years, and decades, each with a theme, or topic.
By creating special observances, the United Nations
promotes international awareness and action on these
issues. The majority of observances have been
established by resolutions of the United Nations
General Assembly, although some have been
designated by UN specialized agencies. The United
Nations also observes anniversaries of key events in its
history.
72. Ans: B
Exp: Alpha diversity is just the diversity of each site
(local species pool). Beta diversity represents the
differences in species composition among sites.
Gamma diversity is the diversity of the entire
landscape (regional species pool). Among these, alpha
and gamma diversity are fairly straightforward
73. Ans: C
Exp: The species diversity from equator towards poles
decreases
74. Ans: C
Exp: Species richness with rising altitude decreases
75. Ans: A
Exp: Destruction of their habitat and their avoidance of
human proximity have led to the drastic decrease of
their population.

Page |6
76. Ans: B
Exp: In a National Park no rights are allowed for the
people living inside; no grazing of any livestock is
permitted and any removal or exploitation of wildlife or
forest produce requires recommendation of the
National Board for Wildlife
77. Ans: B
Exp: The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is an International
Biosphere Reserve in the Western Ghats and Nilgiri
Hills ranges of South India. The Western Ghats, Nilgiri
Sub-Cluster (6,000+ km), conjoining the Nilgiri
Biosphere Reserve, is a World Heritage Site declared by
UNESCO in 2012 fauna includes the tiger, Asian
elephant, Lion-tailed macaque and Nilgiri tahr. It has
largest population of two endangered species Liontailed macaque and Nilgiri tahr.
78. Ans: C
Exp: Great Nicobar joins the reserves at Simplipal
(Orissa), Nokrek (Meghalaya), Pachmarhi (Madhya
Pradesh), Nilgiri (Tamil Nadu), the Gulf of Mannar
(Tamil Nadu), Sunderban (West Bengal) Nanda Devi
(Uttarakhand) Similipal (Odisha) and AchanakmarAmarkantak (Madhya Pradesh and Chhatisgarh)
which are already on UNESCO s list.
79. Ans: C
Exp: The in-principle approval has been accorded by
the National Tiger Conservation Authority for creation
of four new tiger reserves, and the sites are: Biligiri
Ranganatha Swamy Temple Sanctuary (Karnataka),
Pilibhit (Uttar Pradesh), Ratapani (Madhya Pradesh)
and Sunabeda (Orissa).
80. Ans: D
Exp: The goals of Indian Rhino Vision 2020 are:
1. To increase the total rhino population in Assam
from 2000 to 3000 by the year 2020
2. To ensure the distribution of these rhinos over at
least seven Protected Areas to provide long-term
viability
81. Ans: B
Exp: Species are classified by the IUCN Red List into
nine groups, [15] set through criteria such as rate of
decline, population size, area of geographic
distribution, and degree of population and distribution
fragmentation.
Extinct (EX) No known individuals remaining.
Extinct in the wild (EW) Known only to survive in
captivity, or as a naturalized population outside its
historic range
Critically endangered(CR) Extremely high risk of
extinction in the wild. Endangered (EN) High risk
of extinction in the wild.
Vulnerable (VU) High risk of endangerment in the
wild.
Near threatened (NT) Likely to become endangered in
the near future.
Least concern (LC) Lowest risk. Does not qualify for a

more at-risk category. Widespread and abundant taxa
are included in this category.
Data deficient (DD) Not enough data to make an
assessment of its risk of extinction. Not evaluated (NE)
Has not yet been evaluated against the criteria.
82. Ans: C
Exp: To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot, a region must
meet two strict criteria:
Contain at least 1,500 species of vascular plants (> 0.5
percent of the world's total) as endemics (species found
nowhere else on Earth).
Have lost at least 70 percent of its original habitat
83. Ans: D
Exp: The National Biodiversity Authority is established
in the year 2003 to implement Indias Biological
Diversity Act as an autonomous body with its
Headquarters at Chennai.
84. Ans: C
Exp: The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety seeks to
protect biological diversity from the potential risks
posed by living modified organisms resulting from
modern biotechnology.
It establishes an advance informed agreement (AIA)
procedure for ensuring that countries are provided
with the information necessary to make informed
decisions before agreeing to the import of such
organisms into their territory
The protocol also establishes a Biosafety clearing
house to facilitate the exchange of information on living
modified organisms and to assist countries in the
implementation of the protocol.
85. Ans: C
Exp: Main functions
To permit the use of GMOs and products

thereof for commercial applications.
To adopt producers for restriction or

prohibition, production, sale, import & use of
GMOs both for research and applications
under EPA.
To approve for conduct of large scale field

trials, evaluation of large scale field trial data
and final approval for release of transgenic
crop in to the environment.
To authorize large scale production and release

of GMOs and products thereof into the
environment.
To authorize agencies or persons to have

powers to take punitive actions under the EPA.
86. Ans: C
Exp: Gold Standard is a standard and certification
body that works to ensure every dollar of climate and
development funding goes as far as it can. To do this,
we design the strongest processes that maxmise the
impact of efforts to deliver clean energy and water,
responsibly manage land and forests, and transform
lives of the worlds poor. We then verify those

Page |7
outcomes, inspiring greater confidence that drives

investment to accomplish even more.
87. Ans: C
Exp: The country with the highest EPI is Switzerland
followed by Luxembourg, Australia, Singapore, and
Czech Republic.
88. Ans: C
Exp: The setting of standards for fuel efficiency of
appliances and automobiles is usually preceded by
mandatory labelling of the products to ensure that
consumers are informed. But in the case of cars, the
labelling was opposed strongly with the industry
instead promoting its own parallel scheme. With the
standards being forced through, the labelling is
expected to be next on the anvil.
89. Ans: A
Exp: The newly discovered gas PFTBA which does not
occur naturally has been in use in the electrical
industry such as transistors and capacitors since the
mid-20th century. It belongs to an entire class of
chemicals used for industrial applications whose
effects on the atmosphere remain unknown.
90. Ans: D
Exp: Advanced Light Helicopter named "Garuda
Vasudha" of Geological Survey of India launched from
the Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL), is equipped with
Heliborne Geophysical Survey System (HGSS)
comprised of four aero geophysical sensors. It is used
for extensive surveys by the GSI for locating hidden
mineral wealth.
91. Ans: A
Exp: Although it is legally binding on all Parties to the
agreement to implement the Convention, it does not
take the place of national laws. Rather it provides a
framework to be respected by each party, which has to
adopt its own domestic legislation to ensure that
CITES is implemented at the national level.
92. Ans: A
Exp: The Ministry of Environment and Forests on 9
September, 2013 declared Indias first marine ecosensitive zone around Marine National Park in Gulf of
Kutch, Gujarat. This decision prohibits any industrial
activity in the area. It will apply stringent
environmental regulations in the region for
developmental works in 36 villages and 31 rivers
flowing into the Arabian Sea.
93. Ans: B
Exp: Researchers from the University of Chicago,
revealed that dolphins had the longest memories
among the non-human species. Researchers declared
that even if these dolphins were separated for more
than 20 years, they were capable of recalling the

whistles of their former companions.
94. Ans: D
Exp: The beaks of different birds are adapted for
feeding on different kinds of food. Flat beak helps in
feeding on fish, insects and plants in water. A long thin
beak is useful for pulling worms out of mud. The
strong beak of parrot is useful for crushing nuts.
95. Ans: D
Exp: Features of Neo-Darwinism:
Organisms tend to produce more off springs

that can be supported by the environment.
Mutation causes new genes to arise in a

population. Thus, members of the same
species show variation and are not exactly
identical.
Genes that help the organism to adapt to its
environment are reproduced more in a population due
to natural selection.
96. Ans: B
97. Ans: A
Exp: Study of pug marks can provide the following
information reliably if analyzed skillfully:
Presence of different species in the area of study.
Identification of individual animals.
Population of large cats (tigers, lions, etc.).
Sex ratio and age (young or adult) of large cats
98. Ans: C
Exp: Cold blooded creatures such as the lizard take on
the temperature of their surroundings. In other words,
they are hot when their environment is hot and cold
when their environment is cold. In hot environments,
cold blooded animals can have blood that is much
warmer than warm blooded animals. Cold blooded
animals are also much more active in warm
environments and are very sluggish in cold
environments. This is because their muscle activity
depends on chemical reactions which run quickly
when it is hot and slowly when it is cold. Cold blooded
creatures such as the lizard can covert much more of
its food into body mass compared to warm blooded
animals.
99. Ans: C
Exp: This food chain helps in fixing inorganic
nutrients. Detritus food chains are generally shorter
than grazing food chains.
100. Ans: B
Exp: Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulphur
dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water
molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids.
*****

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