Which statement below is true about an outgroup?

The outgroup should be from a lineage known to have diverged before the
lineage that includes the ingroup.

If you were using cladistics to build a phylogenetic tree of cats, which of the following would be
the best outgroup?
wolf

Which statement below is true of parsimonious trees?

The most parsimonious tree requires the fewest evolutionary events to have
occurred in the form of shared derived characters.

Many researchers who study the kingdom Protista argue that all of these organisms should NOT
be placed in the same kingdom, because these organisms could not have evolved from a common
ancestor. In other words, they argue that the kingdom Protista is __________.
polyphyletic

In a comparison of birds and mammals, having four limbs is

a shared ancestral character.

To apply parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic tree,

choose the tree that represents the fewest evolutionary changes, in either DNA
sequences or morphology.

Which observation supports the position of eukaryotes at the convergence of the "ring of life"?
The nuclear genome of eukaryotes contains genes from archaeans and from
bacteria.

Birds and mammals have a four-chambered heart, but most reptiles have a three-chambered
heart. How does this fact affect the construction of phylogenetic trees for these groups?
The most likely tree is not always the most parsimonious.

1. Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides.

2. The monomers of nucleic acids consist of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and
a nitrogenous base.

3. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) provides directions for its own replication. It also directs
cell activities by providing instructions for building proteins.

4. A gene provides the directions to build a molecule of RNA (ribonucleic acid); the
genetic instructions it carries are then translated into the amino acid sequence of a
protein.

5. A polynucleotide has a repeating sugar-phosphate backbone.

6. The structure of DNA is a double helix, held together by the complementary basepairing of cytosine with guanine, and adenine with thymine.

7. RNA usually consists of a single polynucleotidestrand.

To which domain is the domain Eukarya (the domain to which humans belong) most closely
related?
It is not clear whether eukaryotes are more closely related to bacteria or
archaea.

In Figure 26.4 in your textbook, which similarly inclusive taxon descended from the same
common ancestor as Canidae?
Mustelidae

The idea of using molecules as clocks to time evolutionary events is very attractive, but there are
many problems in actually applying the technique. What seems to be the best way to get reliable
results?
It is important to use as many genes as possible. With this approach, fluctuations
in evolutionary rate will tend to average out.

What is the focus of the branch of biology called taxonomy?

the classification of life-forms by their similarities and differences

A phylogenetic tree of bird families constructed by cladistic analysis would be a hypothesis

about which of the following?
evolutionary relationships among bird families

Researchers can use molecular homologies to __________.

reveal the number of mutations in a particular sequence that has occurred in
each species since they diverged from a common ancestor

The two-part format of the scientific name, referred to as binomial, ensures that __________.
each species is assigned a unique name
each species has a name that is understandable regardless of language barriers among
scientists

systematists can easily specify the closest relatives of any species

All of the listed responses are correct.
What does a branch point in a phylogenetic tree represent?
A branch point represents a point at which two evolutionary lineages split from a
common ancestor.

Which of the following methods to establish phylogenetic relationships among organisms has
been developed most recently?
comparing the amino acid sequences of proteins and nucleotide sequences of
nucleic acids

Species A and species B are in the same phylum. Species A and species C, but not species B, are
in the same order. From this information you can conclude that __________.
species C could be in the same class as species A and B
http://www.easynotecards.com/notecard_set/13189
https://quizlet.com/110304240/bio-finial-flash-cards/
https://quizlet.com/53108495/biology-1407-ch-26-vocab-flash-cards/
https://quizlet.com/120932550/ch-26-practice-test-flash-cards/
http://www.easynotecards.com/notecard_set/7809
https://quizlet.com/125386230/chapter-26-phylogeny-flash-cards/
https://quizlet.com/92272739/chapter-26-practice-test-flash-cards/
https://quizlet.com/92272739/chapter-26-practice-test-flash-cards/
https://quizlet.com/92272739/chapter-26-practice-test-flash-cards/
http://www.easynotecards.com/print_list/13189?fs=0&dis=1