HYDROLOGY OF SAGACHAL DAS NALA

Sagachal Das is lacated along the KKH and on the left bank of Indus River. The local

meaning of das is plain area without any habitation. It is about 9km downstream of

Jaglot valley bazar. The main objective of the study of Sagachal nala is to supply

water for domestic use of proposed Basha Dam effectees. A model village with

complete facilities will be established at the Sagachal Das.

Sagachal Das is connected with Jaglot and Gilgit city through Karakoram Highway.

The journey time from the proposed village to Gilgit City and Chilas town is about 90

minutes by K.K.H. This area is administrated by Tehsil headquarter at Gilgit. Jaglot

Gah is accessible through jeepable road from KKH along the right bank of nala upto

Jagot village.

The Watershed Area

Sagacja; Das Nala is a right tributary of Indus River. It has catchment area of 9.8 km 2

The proposed model village will be located on the left bank of Indus River and below

the KKH. The nala has very insignificant flows during the winter season as can be

seen at the table given below. The catchment area of Thalichi and Sagachal Das are

shown in Fig-1.

Figure-1: Catchment Area of Thalichi and Sagachal Das

Climate:

The weather of the area is characterized by moderate summer and severe winter.

Therefore, there are two climatic seasons. Summer season lasts for 6 months from

April to September and winter season from October to March. The Indus River

catchment includes moderate to large glaciers. In general, the climate of watershed

is very cold, sub-humid and arid. Annual precipitation ranging between 100 and 500

mm in the low lands and maximum of 1000 mm on some mountain slopes.

Condensation of warm air occurs at high altitudes (above 3000m) where

temperatures are colder. Large parts of the mountains are covered with snow.

Snowmelt takes place between elevations 2500 m and 5500 m above mean sea

level (masl). It contributes a large proportion of the total run-off into the river.

The climate is hot in summer at low altitudes with cold winters having wide variations

between extremes of temperatures. Since 1994 WAPDA under Snow and Ice

Hydrology Project aimed for flow forecasting for Tarbela and Mangla reservoirs, has

established a network of automatic climatological data observation platforms at

higher elevation bands. The observations recorded at these platforms indicate

occurrence of higher precipitation and severer temperatures at higher altitude as

compared to those recorded at recording stations at lower altitudes in the valleys.

High mountain ranges surround Gilgit-Baltistan. The mountains of the Himalayas,

Karakoram and Hindu Kush ranges with elevation rising to over 8000 m, provide the

dominant influence on the climate of the region.

These ranges act as climate

barriers between the basin and Central Asia to the north, and the main part of Sub

Continent to the south.

Long-term climatological data is available at nearby stations like Bunji, Gilgit, Astore

and Chilas. In Bunji, the months of June to September are the hot months and mean

maximum temperature ranges between 33 0C to 34 0C. November to February is

very cold and mean minimum temperature varies between 0.17 0C to 2.85 0C. The

estimated Mean annual rainfall at Bunji to be 150.03 mm.

Mean Monthly Temperature & Precipitation of nearest station i.e. Bujni are given in
Table-1
Table-1: Mean Monthly Temperature & Precipitation
at Bunji

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Mean
Annual

Mean Min
Temp (0C)
0.17
2.74
7.58
12.13
15.32
19.56
23.22
19.96
17.77
11.20
2.85
1.38
11.2

(1953-2001)
Mean Maximum
Temp (0C)
7.44
12.61
17.95
24.07
28.28
33.62
36.14
32.87
32.43
25.82
16.13
12.00
23.28

Mean Rainfall
(mm)
4.43
6.84
17.61
22.96
26.58
9.23
17.14
18.61
9.51
9.31
3.64
4.49
150.03

Precipitation:

The available data has been processed to achieve the annual and monthly

distribution of rainfall and the results so achieved are shown in Figure-2 and 3. The

mean annual precipitation is 164.7 mm. April and May are the months of maximum

rainfall while the lowest rainfall occurs in the month of November. The maximum

daily precipitation recorded during the historic period is 343.3 mm in April 1999. The

project area receives precipitation in the form of rain in summer and in winter the

snow is dominant.

Temperature:

The temparature data shows that hottest month is July with average maximum and

minimum temperature of 36.14 oC and 7.44 oC respectively. January is the coldest

month with average maximum and minimum temperature of 0.17 oC and 23.22oC

respectively. The average annual, mean minimum monthly and mean maximum

monthly values are tabulated at Table-1 shows the monthly variation of minimum and

maximum

The temperature has been processed to compute, mean, maximum and minimum

temperature. The distribution of average, maximum and minimum monthly

temperatures is shown in Figure-1 and 2. According to the available record, the

minimum temperature is -12.3C in the month of January, while the maximum

temperature is 41.1 C in the month of July and August.

Figure 1: Max. Min Daily Temperature at Bunji

MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM DAILY TEMPERATURE AT BUNJI (1953-2001)
46.746.7
43.3
42.8
39.4
37.8
35
32.2

50
40
29

30
TEPERATURE (Degree C)

22.2
16.9
20

22.2

10

1.7

5.6

10 9.7
7.2

4.4 2.5

0
-10

JANFEB
MAR
-2.8APRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDEC
-3.6 -5.4
-6.1 -4.4

Figure 2 Average Max and Avg Min Monthy Temp

AVERAGE MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM MONTHLY TEMPERATURE AT BUNJI (1953-2001)
40.0

36.1
33.6 32.9
32.4

35.0

28.3

30.0

25.8
23.2
19.6 20.0
17.9
17.8
16.1
15.3
12.6
12.1
11.2 12.0
24.1

25.0
TEPERATURE (Degree C)

20.0
15.0
10.0 7.4
5.0
0.0

7.6
2.7

0.2

2.9

1.4

JANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDEC

Analysis of Flow Series

Sagachal Das Nala is draining into Indus River. The nala has very small catchment area
whichis about 10Km2. The nala does not have any recorded flow data. Due to absence of
recorded flow of the nala, the flows at Sai Nala at Urkakai has been transferred to the project
area to see the availabitliy of flowsl. The flows of Thalichi Gah are more prominent and
better as compare to Sagachal Das hence can be considered/utilized for Model village. In
the case of flood event Thalichi Village is more safer then Sagachal Das.
The results of the initial analysis show that during summer from May to September the flows
are sufficient to meet the requirement of the model village. For more accurate estimations of
flows further 10% should be reduced due to percolation and evaporation in the catchment.

From the flows shown in the table below it can be predicted that the estimated flows below
2cfs may not available from November to March due to high seepage rate in the mountains.
Table-2: Estimated flows at Sagachal Das in cusecs
Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

1.203

1.097

0.996

1.286

3.413

13.978

14.375

15.425

6.549

4.533

2.249

1.288

1.195

1.103

0.988

1.316

3.387

15.228

13.939

14.051

6.459

4.472

2.244

1.281

1.175

1.086

0.977

1.302

3.410

16.700

13.769

12.319

6.376

4.369

2.240

1.273

1.162

1.087

1.117

1.341

3.579

18.087

13.070

11.495

6.324

4.234

2.215

1.268

1.144

1.082

1.113

1.347

3.744

17.110

12.149

10.881

6.235

5.162

2.203

1.262

1.138

1.085

1.121

1.365

4.077

16.323

11.432

10.380

5.935

3.764

2.193

1.258

1.128

1.083

1.118

1.386

4.338

16.244

10.657

10.070

5.760

3.539

2.150

1.254

1.111

1.071

1.091

1.371

4.541

16.409

10.895

9.879

7.214

3.374

2.120

1.238

1.103

1.073

1.097

1.389

3.807

15.590

12.459

9.622

11.713

3.258

2.081

1.212

1.095

1.055

1.085

1.436

3.870

14.889

12.453

9.370

13.662

3.165

2.023

1.218

1.111

1.046

1.085

1.527

4.036

14.827

10.371

8.543

12.337

2.964

1.977

1.196

1.165

1.051

1.073

1.724

4.377

15.146

10.060

7.883

11.118

2.945

1.921

1.180

1.191

1.041

1.082

1.837

5.428

14.861

9.481

7.871

9.474

2.907

1.867

1.163

1.190

1.022

1.079

1.966

6.487

14.949

9.769

8.046

8.360

2.875

1.827

1.488

1.191

1.027

1.077

2.135

7.031

15.020

9.602

8.221

6.849

2.849

2.135

1.458

1.190

1.016

1.128

2.163

7.139

15.523

9.302

7.975

6.052

2.784

2.113

1.422

1.177

1.018

1.146

2.180

7.197

15.489

9.061

7.724

5.595

2.727

2.090

1.380

1.175

1.016

1.117

2.601

7.242

16.440

9.002

7.788

5.511

2.730

2.058

1.338

1.170

1.025

1.122

2.596

7.305

15.407

8.759

7.686

5.713

2.717

2.024

1.294

1.165

1.002

1.113

2.501

7.639

15.917

8.540

7.707

5.594

2.750

2.007

1.275

1.165

1.007

1.126

2.455

8.500

16.974

8.448

7.644

5.460

2.782

1.984

1.255

1.156

1.006

1.120

2.430

9.026

15.936

8.373

7.541

5.081

2.654

1.976

1.258

1.162

1.009

1.132

2.543

9.247

15.997

10.952

7.732

5.140

2.604

1.972

1.241

1.149

0.999

1.107

2.724

9.516

16.483

11.748

7.633

5.026

2.595

1.976

1.245

1.134

0.992

1.116

2.897

9.880

24.545

10.588

7.373

4.923

2.617

1.983

1.232

1.116

1.015

1.133

2.977

10.765

17.940

10.478

7.235

4.837

2.623

1.948

1.221

1.115

1.006

1.180

3.104

10.871

18.003

10.601

6.801

4.807

2.601

1.941

1.204

1.110

0.997

1.201

3.180

11.519

21.616

11.001

7.050

4.723

2.577

1.936

1.192

1.092

1.239

3.253

12.691

18.610

11.184

6.792

4.672

2.567

1.932

1.180

1.117

1.251

3.245

12.869

16.705

11.659

6.902

4.711

2.525

1.932

1.172

1.099

1.278

14.378

6.778

13.553

2.490

1.147

Table-3: Estimated flows at Thalichi in cusecs

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

3.127

2.853

2.589

3.343

3.108

2.869

2.568

3.421

3.055

2.823

2.540

3.021

2.825

2.904

Nov

8.874

36.344

37.376

40.105

17.028

11.787

5.849

3.350

8.805

39.592

36.241

36.533

16.794

11.628

5.835

3.331

3.384

8.865

43.420

35.799

32.029

16.578

11.359

5.823

3.310

3.488

9.306

47.027

33.983

29.886

16.442

11.010

5.759

3.297

2.975

2.814

2.894

3.501

9.734

44.487

31.588

28.291

16.210

13.421

5.727

3.281

2.959

2.821

2.915

3.550

10.600

42.441

29.723

26.987

15.431

9.787

5.701

3.271

2.933

2.816

2.906

3.602

11.279

42.234

27.709

26.183

14.975

9.203

5.589

3.260

2.890

2.784

2.837

3.563

11.807

42.664

28.328

25.686

18.757

8.773

5.513

3.219

2.869

2.791

2.853

3.612

9.899

40.533

32.394

25.017

30.454

8.472

5.412

3.152

2.846

2.743

2.821

3.733

10.062

38.712

32.378

24.362

35.521

8.230

5.260

3.168

2.887

2.720

2.821

3.970

10.492

38.551

26.964

22.212

32.077

7.706

5.140

3.110

3.030

2.733

2.789

4.483

11.380

39.379

26.155

20.495

28.907

7.658

4.996

3.069

3.097

2.706

2.814

4.775

14.113

38.638

24.652

20.465

24.633

7.559

4.853

3.023

3.094

2.658

2.805

5.113

16.865

38.868

25.399

20.920

21.737

7.476

4.750

3.869

3.097

2.671

2.800

5.552

18.281

39.052

24.964

21.373

17.808

7.407

5.552

3.791

3.094

2.641

2.933

5.623

18.562

40.360

24.185

20.734

15.736

7.239

5.494

3.697

3.060

2.646

2.979

5.669

18.711

40.271

23.557

20.084

14.548

7.090

5.435

3.589

3.055

2.641

2.904

6.764

18.828

42.744

23.406

20.249

14.329

7.097

5.352

3.478

3.042

2.664

2.917

6.750

18.994

40.059

22.773

19.985

14.853

7.065

5.262

3.366

3.028

2.605

2.894

6.504

19.861

41.383

22.203

20.038

14.543

7.150

5.219

3.315

3.030

2.619

2.929

6.382

22.100

44.133

21.964

19.874

14.196

7.232

5.159

3.262

3.005

2.616

2.913

6.318

23.468

41.434

21.769

19.605

13.210

6.901

5.138

3.271

3.021

2.623

2.943

6.612

24.042

41.593

28.475

20.104

13.364

6.770

5.127

3.228

2.989

2.598

2.878

7.083

24.741

42.857

30.544

19.845

13.067

6.747

5.138

3.237

2.947

2.579

2.901

7.531

25.688

63.816

27.530

19.171

12.801

6.805

5.157

3.202

2.901

2.639

2.945

7.741

27.990

46.643

27.243

18.810

12.575

6.821

5.065

3.175

2.899

2.616

3.069

8.069

28.266

46.807

27.562

17.684

12.497

6.764

5.046

3.131

2.885

2.593

3.122

8.267

29.948

56.202

28.604

18.330

12.281

6.699

5.032

3.099

2.839

3.221

8.458

32.997

48.386

29.079

17.658

12.148

6.674

5.023

3.067

2.904

3.253

8.437

33.459

43.434

30.314

17.946

12.249

6.566

5.023

3.046

2.858

3.322

37.383

17.624

35.238

6.474

2.982