Management 12 PowerPoint On Organizational Behavior

Interpersonal Behavior
Conflict, Power and

Organizational Politics
A MANAGEMENT 12 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR REPORT
GROUP 3: MEJOS SARIP DIPATUAN BLANCO LIGUE
REPORT OUTLINE
Conflict in Organizations
The Nature of Conflict
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Al Jay Mejos
Hayanisah Sarip
Nuruddin Dipatuan
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power
Effects of Power Bases
Influence and Political Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Al Jay Mejos
Lady Ann Ligue
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power
Influence and Political

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Executives cant simply hope that

collaboration will spontaneously occur in the
right places at the right time in their
organizations.
- Rob Cross, Jeanne Liedtka and Leigh Weiss
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Conflict is an interpersonal process that

arises from disagreements over the goals
to attain, the methods to accomplish
these goals, or even the tone of voice
used as people express their positions.
Conflict can occur within an employee,

between individuals or groups, and
across organizations as they compete.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Other sources of Conflict:

Interdependence
Ambiguity of Roles
Policies and Rules
Personality Differences
Ineffective Communications
Competition over Scarce Resources
Personal Stress
Attitudes
Beliefs
Experiences
Task
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Levels of Conflict
Recall: Role Conflict different role expectations
Role Ambiguity lack of clarity over how to act
Intrapersonal Conflict is the level of conflict that occurs

within oneself, it may happen due to conflicting
expectations both from inside and outside the person.
Interpersonal Conflict is the level of conflict that occurs
between two or more persons affecting their emotions. It
creates the need to preserve ones self-esteem and selfimage from damage by others. In some instances, such
conflicts develop from failures of communication or
differences in perception.
Intergroup Conflict happens when two groups compete
for limited resources so much so that they try to gain
power, improve their image and undermine the other. It
arises from different viewpoints, group loyalties and
competition for resources.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Sources of Conflict (8)
Organizational Change
People also hold different beliefs and adhere to different

value systems.
Threats to Status
People hold differing views over the direction to go, the

routes to take and their likely success, the resources to be
used and the probable outcomes.
Different Sets of Values
When ones status is threatened, face-saving (the drive to

protect ones self-image) becomes a powerful driving force
as a person struggles to maintain a desired image.
Contrasting Perceptions
People perceive things differently as a result of their prior

experiences and expectations.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Sources of Conflict (8)
Lack of Trust
Some people simply rub us the wrong way, and we cannot

necessarily explain why.
Incivility
Trust takes time to build, but it can be destroyed in an

instant.
Personality Clashes
Mutual respect, empathy, and caring are the glues that hold
work groups together, yet many organizations report that
they are being torn apart by rudeness and a lack of
common courtesy.
Difficult Tasks
In circumstances where people experience difficult situations

like lay-offs, personnel firing due to underperformance,
negative performance reviews and disciplinary actions,
some employees strike back orally or physically.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Effects of Conflict
Conflict
is often seen by
participants as destructive, but
this is limited view. In fact if all
conflict with co-workers is
avoided, each party is likely
deprived of useful information
about the others preferences
and views.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
A Model of Conflict
The possible outcomes of conflict: Four

possible Intentions of participants
Win
Win-Lose
Win-Win
Individual As outcome
Lose
Lose-Lose Lose-Win
Lose
Win
Individual Bs outcome
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
A Model of Conflict
The possible outcomes of conflict: Four possible Intentions

of participants
Lose-Lose depicts a situation in which a conflict

deteriorates to the point that both parties are
worse off than they were before.
Lose-Win a situation in which one person (individual A) is
defeated while the other one (Individual B) is
victorious.
Win-Lose the situation is reversed, with B losing to A.

Win-Win both parties perceive that they are in a better
position than they were before that conflict
began.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
A Model of Conflict
Participant
intentions conflict
outcome are a product of the
participants intentions, as well
as their strategies.
Resolution
strategies intentions
help participants select their
strategies.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
A Model of Conflict
Five resolution strategies:

Avoiding
physical or mental withdrawal

from the conflict.
Smoothing accommodating the other
partys interests.
Forcing using power tactics to achieve a
win.
Compromising searching for middle ground
or willing to give up something in exchange
for gaining something else.
Confronting facing the conflict directly and
working it through to a mutually satisfactory
resolution.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
A Model of Conflict
Confronting
strategy can truly

be viewed as a resolution
approach.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Assertive Behavior
Assertive Behavior is the process of expressing feelings,

asking for legitimate changes, giving and receiving
honest feedback.
5 Stages in Assertive Behavior:

1. Describe the behavior.
2. Express your feelings.
3. Empathize.
4. Offer problem-solving alternatives.
5. Indicate consequences
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Interpersonal orientations it is a
dominant way of relating to people.
Four
possible interpersonal
orientations:
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Im not Ok Youre OK.
Im not Ok Youre not OK
Types of Power
Im OK Youre not OK.

Power
Im OK Youre OK.
Power and Politics
Summary
Q&A Portion
Facilitating
Smooth Relations states

that good interpersonal relationships
among co-workers and across
organizations take time, effort,
knowledge and skill.
Interpersonal
facilitation it is the
capacity to focus on others personal
needs, sensitiveness, and
idiosyncrasies and then work to keep
conflict under control and
collaboration high among team
members.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Managers with well-developed

interpersonal facilitation skills often engage
in one or more of the following:
on their emotional intelligence
Learning about co-workers personal lives
Making mental notes about employee
dislikes, values, interests, and preferences
Monitoring other peoples degree of job
involvement, mood level, commitment,
and satisfaction
Developing and applying their facilitative
skills in a variety of social settings
Building
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Stroking
Stroking
is defined as
any act of recognition for
another.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Stroking
3 Types of Recognition:
Physical
Verbal
Non-verbal contact
between people
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Stroking
Strokes may be positive, negative, or mixed:
Positive strokes feel good when they are received, and

they contribute to the recipient sense of being OK.
Negative strokes hurt physically or emotionally and
make the recipient feels less OK about himself or
herself.
Mixed strokes is the combination of both positive and
negative strokes.
Conditional strokes these are offered to employees if

they perform correctly and avoid problems.
Unconditional strokes these are presented without
any connection to behavior.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Stroking
Probable
Relationships of
Interpersonal Orientations with
Conflict Resolution Strategies
and Behavior
Interpersonal
Orientation
Conflict
Resolution
Strategy
Probable
Behavior
Im not Ok Youre OK.
Avoidance
Non-assertiveness
Im not Ok Youre not OK.
Smoothing
Non-assertiveness
Im OK Youre not OK.
Forcing
Aggressiveness
Im OK Youre OK.
Confronting
Assertiveness
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Power and Politics
Power
is the ability to influence

other people and events. It is
earned and gained by leaders on
the basis of their personalities,
activities, and the situation in
which they operate.
Authority is the rightful or legitimate
execution of power, which could
be gained through reputable
ability or delegated by higher
authority.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Types of Power
Personal
Power
Expert Power
Legitimate Power
Reward Power
Coercive Power
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Types of Power
Personal
Power
which is also called referent power,
charismatic power, and power of
personality, comes from each
leader individually.
It is the ability of leaders to
develop followers from the strength
of their own personalities.
They have a personal magnetism,
an air of confidence, and a
passionate belief in objectives that
attract and hold followers.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Types of Power
Expert
Power
which is also known as the
authority of knowledge, comes
from specialized learning.
It is power that arises from a
persons knowledge of and
information about a complex
situation.
It depends on education, training,
and experience, so it is a important
type of power in our modern
technological society.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Types of Power
Legitimate
Power
which is also known as position
power and official power, comes
from higher authority.
It arises from the culture of society
by which power is delegated
legitimately from higher
established authorities to others.
It gives leaders the power to
control resources and to reward
and punish others.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Types of Power
Reward
Power
It is the capacity to control and
administer items that are valued
by another.
It arises from an individuals
ability to give pay raises,
recommend someone for
promotion or transfer, or even
make favorable work
assignments.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Types of Power
Coercive
Power
It is the capacity to punish
another, or at least to create
perceived threat to do so.
Managers with coercive power
can threaten an employees
job security, make punitive
changes in someones work
schedule or at the extreme,
administer physical force.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion

The
five types of power are

developed from different
sources, but they are
interrelated in practice.
Reward, coercive and
legitimate power are essentially
derived from ones position in
the organization.
Expert and personal power are
within the person.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion

Managers
must be sensitive to
how employees respond to the
use of power bases.
Resistance
Compliance
Commitment
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Organizational
Politics
refers to intentional behaviors
that are used to enhance or
protect a persons influence
and self-interest while also
inspiring confidence and trust
by others.
attempts to influence others
using discretionary behaviours
to promote personal objectives
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Four
dimensions of political skill:
socially astute
Having interpersonal influence
Creating useful networks
Expressing sincerity
Being
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Four
astuteness - Individuals possessing

political skill are astute observers of others.
They understand social interactions well
and accurately interpret their behavior,
as well as the behavior of others. They are
keenly attuned to diverse social settings
and have high self-awareness.
Socially
influence - Politically skilled

individuals have an unassuming and
convincing personal style that exerts a
powerful influence on others around
them.
Interpersonal
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Four
Networking
ability Politically skilled

individuals tend to hold assets seen as
valuable and necessary for successful
personal and organizational gains.
Apparent
sincerity - Politically skilled

individuals appear to others as
having high levels of integrity and
being authentic, sincere, and
genuine. They are, or appear to be,
honest and forthright.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Seven (7) steps to follow for increasing

your influence:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Treat the other party as a potential ally.

Specify your objectives.
Learn about the other party's needs,
interests and goals.
Inventory your own resources to identify
something of value you can offer.
Assess your current relationship with the
other person.
Decide what to ask for and what to
offer.
Make the actual exchange that
produces gain to both parties.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
6 Tactics to gain political power:
Social exchange - implies that if you'll

do something for me, I'll do something for
you.
Norm
of reciprocity - where two people in

a continuing relationship feel a strong
obligation to repay their social "debts " to
each other. When these trade-offs are
successfully arranged, both parties get
something they want.
Alliances - two or more persons joint in a

longer-term power group to get benefits
that they mutually desire.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion

6
Tactics to gain political power:
with higher authority

special privilege to be
recognized as a representative or
spokesperson for the more
powerful figure.
Selective service - giving service
selectively to your supporters
Power plays - an aggressive tactic
which aims to grab power from
others.
Identification
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion

6
Tactics to gain political power:
- a common tactic to
increase power wherein you join or
form interest groups that have the
same common objective. These
networks operate on the basis of
friendships and personal contacts,
and may provide a meeting place
for influential people.
Networks
- developing and
maintaining contacts among a group
of people with shared interest.
Networking
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Impression management - the ability to

protect their self-image while
intentionally affecting another's
assessment of them.
Conformity: agreeing with anothers

opinion to get their approval.
Excuses: Explanations of a predicamentcreating event aimed at minimizing the
apparent severity of the predicament.
Apologies: Admitting responsibility for an
undesirable event and simultaneously
seeking to get a pardon for the action.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Impression management - the ability to

protect their self-image while intentionally
affecting another's assessment of them.
Acclamations: Explanation of favorable
events to maximize the desirable implications
for oneself.
Flattery: Complimenting others on their virtues
in an effort to make oneself appear
perceptive and likeable
Favors: Doing something nice for someone to
gain that persons approval
Association: Enhancing or protecting ones
image by managing information about
people and things with which one is
associated.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion

10 Common Impression Management Strategies
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Personal competence and high

performance.
Meeting ones commitments; working extra
long and hard.
Solving a crisis; volunteering to help in time of
need.
Articulating your values and displaying highly
ethical behavior.
Engaging in appropriate (and/or edited) selfdisclosure.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion

10 Common Impression Management Strategies
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Exhibiting a favorable appearance that

meets others expectations.
Self-promotion based on results, along with
name-dropping.
Ingration activities (flattery, mimicry, being a
yes-person).
Exaggerating your skills and achievements;
claiming credit for work done by others.
Attributing your own problems to other
people or events; covering up your
deficiencies; pleading for pity.
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
SUMMARY
+
QUESTION & ANSWER PORTION
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
As iron sharpeneth iron; so a man sharpeneth

the countenance of his friend. (KJV)
People learn from each other, as an iron tool
makes iron sharp. (EE)
- Proverbs 27:17
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
In the long run, though, those who relentlessly

refuse to play the (politics) game win the
organizations trust and a reputation for
integrity.
- Jack and Suzy Welch
Levels of Conflict
Sources of Conflict
Effects of Conflict
A Model of Conflict
Assertive Behavior
Facilitating Smooth
Relations
Stroking
Power and Politics
Types of Power

Power
Summary
Q&A Portion
Conflict, Power and
Conflict, Power and

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Management 12 PowerPoint On Organizational Behavior

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Interpersonal Behavior

Conflict, Power and

The Nature of Conflict

Facilitating Smooth Relations

Power and Politics

Effects of Power Bases

Influence and Political Power

The Nature of Conflict

Power and Politics

Effects of Power Bases

Influence and Political

Executives cant simply hope that

- Rob Cross, Jeanne Liedtka and Leigh Weiss

The Nature of Conflict

Power and Politics

Effects of Power Bases

Influence and Political

The Nature of Conflict

Conflict is an interpersonal process that

Conflict can occur within an employee,

The Nature of Conflict

Power and Politics

Effects of Power Bases

Influence and Political

The Nature of Conflict

Other sources of Conflict:

The Nature of Conflict

Power and Politics

Effects of Power Bases

Influence and Political

Recall: Role Conflict different role expectations

Role Ambiguity lack of clarity over how to act

Intrapersonal Conflict is the level of conflict that occurs

The Nature of Conflict

Power and Politics

Effects of Power Bases

Influence and Political

Sources of Conflict (8)

People also hold different beliefs and adhere to different

People hold differing views over the direction to go, the

Different Sets of Values

When ones status is threatened, face-saving (the drive to

People perceive things differently as a result of their prior

The Nature of Conflict

Power and Politics

Effects of Power Bases

Influence and Political

Sources of Conflict (8)

Some people simply rub us the wrong way, and we cannot

Trust takes time to build, but it can be destroyed in an

In circumstances where people experience difficult situations

The Nature of Conflict

Power and Politics

Effects of Power Bases

Influence and Political

The Nature of Conflict

Power and Politics

Effects of Power Bases

Influence and Political

The possible outcomes of conflict: Four

The Nature of Conflict

Power and Politics

Effects of Power Bases