Kent Hills TransAlta 2011 NB Bird Bat Monitoring Report

Kent Hills Wind Farm Expansion
2011 Post-Construction Monitoring

Program
Report to:
TransAlta Corporation
110-12TH Avenue SW
PO Box 1900 Station M
Calgary AB T2P 2M1
March 6, 2012
KENT HILLS WIND FARM EXPANSION 2011 POST-CONSTRUCTION MONITORING PROGRAM
Executive Summary
In 2011, Stantec Consulting Ltd. (Stantec) was retained by TransAlta Corporation (TransAlta) to
undertake Year 1 of the bird and bat post-construction monitoring program (the Program) for the
Kent Hills Wind Farm Expansion Project (the Expansion) near Prosser Brook, in Albert County,
New Brunswick. Post-construction monitoring was completed in 2009 and 2010 on the initial
phase of the wind farm which began commercial operation in December 2008. The Expansion
phase of the wind farm began commercial service in December 2010 and consists of 18
3.0 MW (megawatt) wind turbines. A protocol for the Program was developed by TransAlta in
consultation with the New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources (NBNDR) and the
Canadian Wildlife Service, as required by one of the Conditions of Approval following
completion of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) registration of the Expansion.
Year 1 of the Program consisted of bird and bat casualty surveys and bird monitoring. Casualty
surveys were conducted for 28 weeks in spring, summer and fall, and consisted of casualty
searches, searcher efficiency trials and scavenger impact trials. Bird monitoring consisted of
breeding bird surveys conducted twice in June.
Casualty searches were undertaken weekly during spring (mid-April to mid-June), summer (midJune to mid- August) and fall (mid-August to mid-October) periods. A sample of 10 of the 18
new wind turbines were selected for surveying, which was representative of the spatial extent of
the wind farm expansion, allowed a comparison of lit vs. unlit turbines, and included various
habitat types. Casualty searches were conducted in a spiral search pattern using two searchers
and a 57 m length of rope attached to the turbine tower. Each casualty encountered was
identified and retained for future examination and species confirmation. Casualties in good
condition were also used for searcher efficiency and scavenger removal trials. Information
recorded for each casualty included GPS location, distance and direction from the tower,
substrate on which it was found, and the condition of the casualty.
Searcher efficiency trials were carried out once per season for each search team, and are
designed to correct for carcasses that may be overlooked by searchers during the survey
periods. The results were used to estimate the number of bird and bat casualties and correct for
detection bias. Searcher efficiency trials were conducted in a blind manner, whereby the search
team did not know which search plot contained the trial carcass or how many trial carcasses
were deployed. Carcasses were placed by someone other than the searchers within one of the
circular plots prior to the search team completing the casualty searches. After the casualty
search was complete the number of test carcasses remaining in the search plot was
determined to establish the searcher efficiency rate.
Scavenger impact trials were carried out in order to determine the rate at which bat and bird
carcasses were removed by local scavenging wildlife. These trials were conducted once in each
of the three seasons. Typically, one each of quail chick and rat were placed at five locations in
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E.1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
March 6, 2012
representative habitat. Scavenger impact trials were carried out for a maximum of eight days. A
scavenger impact trial form was completed in order to record weather data, the day of carcass
placement and level of scavenging or removal during each subsequent daily check.
Bird monitoring consisted of breeding bird surveys conducted twice in June 2011. The 20 sites
surveyed during pre-construction conditions during the EIA process were resurveyed in 2011.
The 2011 surveys were conducted using similar methodology, thus allowing for direct
comparison of the results between pre- and post-construction conditions. The use of each area
by breeding birds, and any sensitive species observed (i.e., species of conservation concern)
were determined during 10-minute point counts.
The results of the 2011 casualty searches yielded low mortality rates, similar to rates recorded
in 2009 and 2010 for the initial phase of the wind farm. In 2011, a total of four bird carcasses
and three bat carcasses were located during the 28-week monitoring period. In addition, one
incidental bird casualty was reported at a turbine that was not part of the scheduled search for
that week (Black-and white Warbler at E6 on May 17). The bat species observed during 2011
casualty searches, Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), is considered a species of conservation
concern; all bird species are common and widespread. When the mortality estimate correction
equation is applied to these numbers, taking into account scavenger impact trial and searcher
efficiency trial results, the estimated number of bird and bat mortalities for the 28-week
monitoring program in 2011 is 1.41 birds per turbine (or 0.47 birds per MW) and 0.95 bats per
turbine (or 0.32 bats per MW).
Observations made during the breeding surveys are comparable to those made during preconstruction surveys in 2009, and are typical of the area. During the breeding bird surveys of
2011, 34 bird species were observed, compared to 41 species observed during the breeding
bird surveys carried out during pre-construction surveys in June 2009. A cumulative total of 45
species over the two years were recorded and only 26 species were encountered both years.
Changes in bird density (i.e., actual change in density and percent change in density) from preconstruction (2009) to post-construction (2011), based on distance to nearest turbine (i.e.,
separately by actual distance in metres and by distance category: near 0-250m, medium 251500m, far >500m), were examined using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results of the
ANOVA examining the changes in densities between the 2009 and 2011 breeding bird survey
results indicate that there was no significant difference in the absolute or percent change in bird
density (2011 compared to 2009 results) with distance to nearest turbine (p>0.05), either by
actual distance or by distance category. Results of an ANOVA of changes in densities of the
four most common species (Black-throated Blue Warbler, Black-throated Green Warbler,
Ovenbird and Red-eyed Vireo) from pre-construction to post-construction, based on the
distance to nearest turbine, found a significant difference (p< 0.05) in the change in density of
Black-throated Blue Warbler only. The significant difference in the change in density of Blackthroated Blue Warbler was due to the decrease in individuals observed in point counts close to
turbines.
E.2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
March 6, 2012
The only Endangered or Threatened species as listed in the Species at Risk Act (SARA)
encountered during 2011 surveys was a single Chimney Swift recorded as a flyover (no
breeding evidence) during a breeding bird point count survey. No species considered
Endangered, Threatened, or Special Concern by the Committee on the Status of Endangered
Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), but not yet added to Schedule 1 of SARA were recorded. The
species of conservation concern identified during the 2011 casualty surveys, little brown bat, is
ranked Sensitive by New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources, but is ranked S4 (usually
widespread, fairly common throughout its range in the province) by the Atlantic Canada
Conservation Data Centre. Its Sensitive ranking is largely due to the hibernating habits of this
species, which congregates in hibernacula to overwinter.
No major concerns were identified during the pre-construction monitoring work at the Kent Hills
Wind Farm Expansion, and the results of the 2011 post-construction monitoring program, as
well as the two previous years for the first 32 turbines would support that conclusion. The
National Wind Coordinating Collaborative (NWCC) provides a summary of studies conducted at
more than 60 wind farms throughout North America. Results from this summary report show
that estimates of bird casualties have been found to be fairly consistent in that 42 of the 63
studies report casualties of 3 casualties/MW/year (Strickland et al., 2011). In comparison, the
estimated casualty rate of birds in 2011 at the Kent Hills Expansion was found to be low at
0.47 birds/MW for the 28-week monitoring period. With respect to bats, of the 66 studies
reported in Strickland et al. (2011) that provided estimates of bat casualties, most wind farms
(54) report bat casualties < 10 casualties/MW/year, and range from 0.07 to 39.7 bat
casualties/MW/year. In comparison, the estimated casualty rate of bats at the Kent Hills
Expansion in 2011 is 0.32 bats/MW for the 28-week monitoring period.
E.3

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
March 6, 2012
E.4
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
E.1
1.0 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................1.1

1.1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................1.1
1.1.1
Location and Habitat ..........................................................................................1.1
1.1.2
Birds ...................................................................................................................1.2
1.1.3
Bats ....................................................................................................................1.2
1.2 MONITORING PROGRAM ...............................................................................................1.2
2.0 METHODOLOGY..............................................................................................................2.1
2.1 CASUALTY SURVEYS .....................................................................................................2.1
2.1.1
Casualty Searches .............................................................................................2.1
2.1.2
Searcher Efficiency Trials ...................................................................................2.5
2.1.3
Scavenger Impact Trials .....................................................................................2.6
2.2 BIRD MONITORING .........................................................................................................2.8
2.2.1
Breeding Bird Surveys ........................................................................................2.8
3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION..........................................................................................3.1
3.1 CASUALTY SURVEYS .....................................................................................................3.1
3.1.1
Searcher Efficiency Trials ...................................................................................3.1
3.1.1.1 Spring.................................................................................................................3.1
3.1.1.2 Summer .............................................................................................................3.1
3.1.1.3 Fall .....................................................................................................................3.1
3.1.1.4 Overall................................................................................................................3.1
3.1.2
Scavenger Impact Trials .....................................................................................3.2
3.1.2.1 Spring.................................................................................................................3.2
3.1.2.2 Summer .............................................................................................................3.2
3.1.2.3 Fall .....................................................................................................................3.3
3.1.2.4 Overall................................................................................................................3.3
3.1.3
Casualty Searches .............................................................................................3.4
3.1.3.1 Birds ...................................................................................................................3.5
3.1.3.2 Bats ....................................................................................................................3.6
3.1.4
Time Period ........................................................................................................3.8
3.1.5
Per Turbine ........................................................................................................3.8
3.1.6
Distance from Turbines ......................................................................................3.8
3.2 BIRD MONITORING .........................................................................................................3.9
3.2.1
Breeding Bird Surveys ........................................................................................3.9
3.3 SPECIES OF CONSERVATION CONCERN ..................................................................3.14
4.0 CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................4.1
5.0 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................5.1
5.1 LITERATURE CITED ........................................................................................................5.1
5.2 PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS ....................................................................................5.1

6.0 APPENDICES...................................................................................................................6.1
APPENDIX A Protocol
APPENDIX B Wildlife Collection Permits
APPENDIX C Detailed Calculations
APPENDIX D Field Data Collection Forms
APPENDIX E Mortality Surveys Results
APPENDIX F Breeding Bird Surveys Results
APPENDIX G Breeding Bird Summary of Species by Point Count Location
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1
Figure 2.1
Figure 3.1
Project Location .......................................................................................... 1.3

Searched Turbines and Breeding Bird Survey Locations............................. 2.3
Breeding Bird Densities (#/ha) by Year and Distance to Nearest Turbines 3.12
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1
Table 3.1
Table 3.2
Table 3.3
Table 3.4
Table 3.5
Table 3.6
Table 3.7
Table 3.8
Table 3.9
Table 3.10
Table 3.11
Table 3.12
Table 4.1
ii
Carcass Condition Categories ..................................................................... 2.2

Number of Carcasses Remaining at Each Visit Spring Trial ..................... 3.2
Number of Carcasses Remaining at Each Visit Summer Trials ................ 3.3
Number of Carcasses Remaining at Each Visit Fall Trial.......................... 3.3
Overall Proportion of Carcasses Not Removed by Scavengers. .................. 3.4
Carcasses Found During the Program, 2011 .............................................. 3.4
Corrected Estimates for Bird Casualties ...................................................... 3.6
Corrected Estimates for Bat Casualties ....................................................... 3.7
Distance Range of 2011 Casualties from Turbines (m) ............................... 3.8
Maximum Number and Density of Birds Recorded at Point Counts in 2009
and 2011. .................................................................................................. 3.10
Number and Density of Birds in 2009 and 2011 by Distance from Turbines3.11
Results of ANOVA of Breeding Bird Densities ........................................... 3.13
Results of ANOVA of Change in Densities of Selected Bird Species ......... 3.14
Mortality Rates Comparison within Kent Hills Wind Farm ............................ 4.1
1.0
INTRODUCTION
In December 2010, TransAlta Corporation (TransAlta) began operation of the Kent Hills Wind
Farm Expansion Project (the Expansion) near Prosser Brook, in Albert County, New Brunswick
(Figure 1.1). The Expansion facility consists of 18 3.0 MW Vestas V90 wind turbine
generators with a combined nameplate capacity of 54 MW. The initial phase of the wind farm
consists of 32 3.0 MW wind turbines, with the Expansion bringing the overall Kent Hills Wind
Farm to a combined nameplate capacity of 150 MW.
The Expansion was subject to the Clean Environment Act, and an Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) registration was completed prior to construction. TransAlta received a
Certificate of Determination for this EIA on December 18, 2009. One of the conditions of
approval of the Expansion was the undertaking of bird and bat post-construction monitoring at
the site over two years. A protocol for the required monitoring was developed in consultation
with the New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources (NBDNR) and the Canadian Wildlife
Service (CWS), and is provided as Appendix A. The following provides the results of Year 1
(2011) of the post-construction monitoring program (the Program) for the Expansion facility.
1.1
BACKGROUND
For the New Brunswick EIA registrations for both phases of the wind farm, and the
Environmental Assessment (EA) Report to support a Screening under the Canadian
Environmental Assessment Act (CEAA) of the initial phase, extensive fieldwork, consultation
and analysis were undertaken. This included a thorough characterization of the natural
environment at the site of the Kent Hills Wind Farm, including vegetation, birds and other
vertebrate species. Specifically, bird surveys were carried out onsite for seven seasons (spring,
summer and fall of 2006; winter, spring, summer and fall 2007) for the initial phase, and for
three seasons (spring, summer and fall of 2009) for the Expansion. Beyond what was required
and reported in the EIA and EA Reports, TransAlta undertook bat monitoring using Anabat
detectors positioned on site at both ground level and at 30 m above ground level (agl) during the
summer and fall of 2007. These data provide good baseline knowledge of pre-construction
conditions for bird and bat activity at the Kent Hills Wind Farm.
1.1.1
Location and Habitat
The Kent Hills Wind Farm is located in the Southern New Brunswick Uplands Ecoregion of the
Atlantic Maritime Ecozone in eastern New Brunswick. Kent Hills is located 5 km northeast of
Fundy National Park. The site is situated on a plateau, and the turbines are strategically placed
over an area approximately 12 km long and 6 km wide. The land is owned by the province
(Crown Land), and there are logging roads to and through the site which are frequently used by
ATV drivers. The area is located between elevation 350 m and 400 m. The habitat within the
Expansion boundaries is predominately mixed or hardwood forest, with some nursery/plantation
1.1

INTRODUCTION
March 6, 2012
areas. Much of the forest habitat is immature, with numerous clear cuts at various stages of
regeneration.
1.1.2
Birds
Based on a review of available information, including consultation with government agencies,

local naturalists and on-site surveys, the Kent Hills Wind Farm site hosts few species of
conservation concern (e.g., Rusty Blackbird Euphagus carolinus during migration). The site
does not host large concentrations of staging or wintering birds, is not likely located on a major
migration route, and is not near any nesting bird colonies, such as a heronry. The sites forest
habitat supports a breeding population of forest bird species that are typical of the variety of
habitats of this and the surrounding areas, including some birds considered species of
conservation concern.
1.1.3
Bats
Monitoring of bat activity in 2007, using Anabats located onsite, found that most activity was
restricted to low flight heights, with very little activity at 30 m agl. Only 17 individual bat passes
were noted at a height of 30 m agl in a total of 103 nights sampled. Of those 17, 11 were Myotis
species (either little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), or northern long-eared (M. septentionalis)),
four were hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus), one was either big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) or
silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), and one was not identified to species.
1.2
MONITORING PROGRAM
As a condition of approval of the Expansion under the EIA Regulation, TransAlta is required to
undertake a minimum of two years of post-construction monitoring, in consultation with
Environment Canada and NBDNR. In keeping with the protocol developed for the postconstruction monitoring program at the Expansion, and with due consideration of the low bird
and bat mortality rates observed during the previous two years at the first phase of the wind
farm, the spatial extent of the monitoring for 2011 was limited to a subset of 10 of the 18
Expansion turbines. The post-construction monitoring program in 2011 was designed and
implemented to assess both direct (casualty rate) and indirect (habitat avoidance, displacement)
effects to birds and bats from operating wind turbines in the Expansion area. Indirect effects
were assessed by repeating the breeding bird surveys that were conducted during preconstruction conditions to allow a comparison to post-construction conditions. . The direct
effects were assessed through regular casualty searches around the bases of operating wind
turbines.
Temporally, these surveys (breeding bird and casualty) were undertaken over a 28-week period
during the spring, summer and fall, as outlined below.
1.2
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2011 Post Construction Monitoring Program
1
1.5
Kilometers
PROJECT NO.:
121810397

INTRODUCTION
March 6, 2012
1.4
2.0
METHODOLOGY
The survey methodology outlined below was considered to be appropriate for the Expansion,
and is based on the standardized and tested survey methodology used for the initial phase of
the Kent Hills Wind Farm, at other TransAlta operational projects and at other wind energy
facilities, and was approved by CWS and NBDNR prior to implementation. Consideration was
given for Environment Canadas protocol guidance document (Environment Canada 2007)
during the drafting of the protocol.
The 2011 Program consisted of bird and bat casualty surveys, and bird monitoring. Casualty
surveys consisted of casualty searches, searcher efficiency trials and scavenger impact trials.
Bird monitoring consisted of breeding bird surveys. The following provides detailed descriptions
of the casualty survey methodology and bird monitoring components of the Program.
2.1
CASUALTY SURVEYS
Casualty surveys were made up of three components; casualty searches, searcher efficiency
trials, and scavenger impact trials.
2.1.1
Casualty Searches
Casualty searches were undertaken for 28 weeks during spring (mid-April to mid-June), summer
(mid-June to mid- August) and fall (mid-August to mid-October) periods. Surveys were
completed weekly during each period. An increase in frequency was not warranted as carcass
removal by scavenging was not particularly high at the site, though higher than has been
previously recorded at the Kent Hills Wind Farm.
A sample of 10 of the 18 wind turbines (Figure 2.1) were selected for surveying, which was
representative of the spatial extent of the expanded wind farm, lit vs. unlit turbines, and habitat
types. At each turbine, a circular plot was searched, with a radius of 50 m centered on the base
of the turbine. All open area within this circular plot was searched for casualties. In densely
vegetated areas within the 50 m radius where searcher efficiency was compromised, the
approximate unsearchable area was mapped and used in determining the percent area
searched correction factor.
Casualty surveys began on April 11, 2011, and continued for six months (28 weeks) with the
final survey conducted on Oct. 17, 2011. Surveys were initiated one week earlier than planned,
at the request of NBDNR. Surveys of the 10 turbines were completed over one day each week,
either Monday (typically) or Tuesday. From time to time, alternate turbines were surveyed when
a turbine normally searched was inaccessible due to maintenance activities. Alternate turbines
were chosen in the same area as the regularly searched turbine.
Searching was undertaken through the use of two people and a rope 57 m in length. This has
been done very effectively in casualty searches at TransAltas Summerview, Ardenville and
Blue Trails wind farms, and was the approach used in the first two years of monitoring at the
2.1

METHODOLOGY
March 6, 2012
Kent Hills Wind Farm. One observer was situated at the end of the rope and another was
situated 7 m from the end of the rope (57 m and 50 m from the turbine base, respectively). As
the observers walk together in a circle around the base of the turbine, keeping the rope taut, the
rope wraps around the turbine base (7 m in circumference), thus creating a spiral search path,
which continues until the observers are at the base of the turbine. This method allows the
observers to focus on searching for bird and bat casualties without having to maintain a
standard grid pattern.
Each casualty found was identified to species, aged and sexed in the field (if possible). All
unidentified carcasses were retained for future identification or confirmation, ageing and sexing
using Pyle (1997) (in the case of birds). Scientific collection permits were obtained from
Environment Canada and NBDNR (Appendix B). The location of each carcass was recorded
using a handheld GPS and by measuring distance and direction from the turbine base. The
condition of the carcass (Table 2.1) and the probable cause of death (with rationale for the
determination) were noted. Carcasses of bats and birds were removed from the sampling area
to avoid attracting scavengers. Specimens not used for searcher efficiency and/or scavenger
trials were made available to New Brunswick Museum of Natural History (NB Museum) staff for
examination and/or necropsy.
Table 2.1
Code
M
F
R
D
X
Carcass Condition Categories

Description
Injured or moribund.
Freshly dead with little or no decay or scavenging by insects; probably died within 48 hours.
Recently dead but with noticeable decay or scavenging by insects; probably died within 1-7
days.
Decomposed carcass, barely recognizable or not recognizable to species; probably dead more
than 7 days.
Residual remains, such as feathers, bones, blood or other scraps of tissue.
The actual number of bird and bat carcasses found does not necessarily reflect the number of
mortalities occurring at a wind farm. A correction equation used to determine the estimated
number of mortalities at a wind farm, modified from an equation provided by Environment
Canada (Denise Fell, pers. comm., 2009), is as follows:
C = (c / (Se x Sc x Ps)) x (K/n),

where:
C
c
Se
Sc
Ps
n
K
2.2
is the corrected number of bird or bat mortalities for the entire expansion;
is the number of carcasses found;
is the proportion of carcasses expected to be found by search teams
(searcher efficiency);
is the proportion of carcasses not removed by scavengers over the search
period; and,
is the percent of the area searched.
is the number of turbines searched
is the total number of turbines in the wind farm
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Figure 2.1
Searched Turbines
and Breeding Bird Survey Locations
2011 Post Construction Monitoring Program
1
1.5
Kilometers
PROJECT NO.:
121810397

METHODOLOGY
March 6, 2012
2.4

METHODOLOGY
March 6, 2012
According to Environment Canada, most bird and bat fatalities due to turbine mortality are likely
to fall within 50 m of the turbine (Denise Fell, pers. comm., 2009). The percent of the area
searched during the casualty surveys must be calculated in order to factor into the estimated
mortality correction equation. Percent area searched (Ps) is calculated as follows:
Ps = area searched
r2
where r = 50 m
In this equation, area searched refers to the unvegetated, searchable areas within the 50 m
radius searched, and r is the radius corresponding to the size of the area Environment Canada
identified as most likely to find the carcasses (50 m). The searchable area varied for each
turbine. The weighted average Ps of all searched turbines (weighted by total number of
searches for each turbine) was used in the correction equation to provide an estimate of the
total number of bird and bat mortalities associated with the Expansion. The area searched
around each turbine was determined in the field using a GPS to map out the approximate limits
of the area searched. The percent area searched for each turbine was calculated using GIS.
Overall, the corrected estimate of bird and bat casualties for the entire Expansion is presented
as the number of casualties per turbine, or casualties per MW for the 28-week monitoring
period.
2.1.2
Searcher Efficiency Trials
Searcher efficiency trials were carried out once per season for each search team, and are
designed to correct for carcasses that may be overlooked by searchers during the survey
periods. The results were used to estimate the number of bird and bat casualties and correct for
detection bias. Searcher efficiency trials were conducted in a blind manner, whereby the search
team did not know which search plot contained the trial carcass or how many trial carcasses
were deployed. Carcasses were placed by someone other than the searchers within one of the
circular plots prior to the search team completing the casualty searches. After the casualty
search was complete, the number of test carcasses remaining in the search plot was
determined to establish the searcher efficiency rate. This provides a measure of variability
between search teams and of search success by the study team, providing an overall estimate
of the efficiency of the searching methodology.
These trials were repeated for each search team in each season of sampling to address interseasonal variability in searcher efficiency due to vegetation cover differences.
Test carcasses (i.e., control carcasses) were quail chicks, as well as coloured rats (typically light
to dark gray) to represent bat carcasses. Where available and in good condition, previously
collected birds and bats were used for the searcher efficiency trials. Between 10 and 15 test
carcasses per search team were distributed within the 50 m search radius during each seasonal
searcher efficiency trial. One to three carcasses were placed at each selected turbine.
Carcasses not found during the searcher efficiency trials were retrieved at the end of the day to
ensure that they were overlooked and not scavenged.
2.5

METHODOLOGY
March 6, 2012
For each searcher efficiency trial, the following information was recorded:
Date;
Weather conditions;
Carcass type (native bird, quail chick, rat, or bat);
Turbine number;
Location description; and,
Confirmation of whether carcass was located, overlooked or scavenged.
If the carcass was not found, it was not included in searcher efficiency calculations. A copy of
the forms completed in the field can be found in Appendix D.
Searcher efficiency (Se) was calculated for each search team using the following equation:
Se =
number of test carcasses found

(number of test carcasses placed) (number of test carcasses scavenged)
Because search teams searched varying numbers of turbines over the course of the casualty
surveys, it was necessary to find a weighted average which reflected the proportion of turbines
searched by each team. This weighted average, or overall searcher efficiency, was calculated
as follows:
Seo = Se1(n1/T) + Se2(n2/T) + Se3(n3/T) + Se...(n.../T)...

where:
Seo
is the overall searcher efficiency;
Se1 and 2 and 3...
are individual searcher efficiency ratings;
n1 and 2 and 3...
are number of turbines searched by each search team; and
is the total number of turbines searched by all searchers.
The overall searcher efficiency was calculated separately for each of the three seasons that the
casualty surveys were conducted, as well as for the overall Program.
These Se values contribute to the correction equation used to provide an estimate of the total
number of bird and bat casualties associated with the Expansion.
2.1.3
Scavenger Impact Trials
In addition to being overlooked by searchers, casualties may also go unaccounted for because
they may have been scavenged or removed by local wildlife before searchers have a chance to
locate them. To adjust for this, scavenger impact trials were carried out. To assess the influence
of scavenging in each season, a sample of carcasses (such as quail chicks and rats obtained
from suppliers) were placed in similar habitat at least 500 m away from any casualty search
area and checked daily for a period of seven days or until all of the carcasses had been
2.6

METHODOLOGY
March 6, 2012
scavenged, whichever was less. Typically, one each of quail chick and rat were placed at five
locations.
Results of these trials were used to correct for the removal of carcasses by scavengers in
estimating overall mortality.
The information recorded for each carcass placement is listed below (see Appendix D). This
information aided searchers in locating the carcasses during the daily checks over the trial
period. Information recorded included:
Date scavenger impact trial carcass was placed;
UTM coordinates and closest turbine number; and,
Description of carcass location.
To monitor the scavenging rate, a scavenger impact trial daily check form was filled out during
each search (Appendix D). Information collected included:
Date of monitoring;
An indication of whether the carcass had been scavenged or not-scavenged; and,
Condition of the carcass.
Carcasses that differentiated between those which were untouched by scavengers and those
showing evidence of varying levels of scavenging, but were not removed from the search area,
were noted. This approach provided a method by which to determine the time frame for a
carcass to be completely removed by scavengers. Scavenging rates were calculated using the
following formula;
Sc =
nvisit1 + nvisit2 + nvisit3 + nvisit4 + nvisit5 ++ nvisit7

nvisit0 + nvisit1 + nvisit2 + nvisit3 + nvisit4 ++ nvisit6
where:
Sc
is the proportion of carcasses not removed by scavengers over the

search period
nvisit0
is the total number of carcasses placed
nvisit1 nvisit7
is the numbers of carcasses remaining on visits 1 through 7
These values contribute to the correction equation used to provide an estimate of bird and bat
mortalities associated with the Expansion.
Searcher efficiency in locating scavenger trial carcasses is assumed to be 100%, as carcasses
were recorded using a GPS unit at the time of placement, and location was carefully noted.
2.7

METHODOLOGY
March 6, 2012
2.2
BIRD MONITORING
2.2.1
Breeding Bird Surveys
Breeding bird surveys were undertaken in late spring/early summer (June to early July). Survey
methodology followed that which was used during pre-construction conditions in order to allow
comparisons between pre- and post-construction breeding bird diversity and abundance. Two
visits were completed, one early in the period and one late in the period, separated by 10 days
to two weeks. The 20 sites surveyed during the EIA fieldwork (Figure 2.1) were revisited and
surveys were conducted using similar methodology. Of these 20 sites, four are close to (within
150-170 m) turbine locations, while others are located at various distances (210-770 m) from
the closest wind turbines. The distance from turbine was taken into consideration during
analysis of the results. Surveys began at the site in the early morning, at or just after daybreak
(usually 30 minutes before scheduled sunrise).
Unlimited distance point counts of ten minutes in duration (separated into two 5-minute periods)
were conducted at each of the survey stations. All birds observed, either by sight or sound, were
noted, including both species and number. Three distance categories were used to note birds:
0-50 m from the observer, 50-100 m and greater than 100 m. Birds flying over were noted
separately from other observations. The date, start time and weather were recorded at each
survey station. Recorded weather data included approximate temperature, wind speed and
direction, precipitation, and visibility. Point count surveys were not done in heavy rain or in
strong winds (e.g., greater than 20 km/h).
Incidental observations of species in the area were noted outside of the set point count surveys.
For any species of conservation concern encountered, the observer noted specific details of the
observation, including location and behaviour.
All bird records were used to determine the overall species richness for the site. Species
diversity was calculated using the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H):
H = ln
where S is the total number of species and pi is the frequency of the ith species.
Population densities for each species were presented as birds per ha, calculated by first
determining the maximum number of birds detected within 100 m between the first and second
survey for each point count location and summing up across all 20 sites. Density is calculated
using the following equation:
Density (# territories/ha) = sum of all territories counted within 100 m x 0.3183a

number of points surveyed
a
2.8
The factor of 0.3183 represents the number of point count circles within a hectare,
assuming a standard count radius of 100 m, which has an area of 3.141592654 ha.

METHODOLOGY
March 6, 2012
Changes in breeding bird density were analyzed using an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA; JMP
ver 9.0.0 2010, SAS Institute Inc.).
2.9

METHODOLOGY
March 6, 2012
2.10
3.0
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1
CASUALTY SURVEYS
3.1.1
Searcher Efficiency Trials
Searcher efficiency can vary between individuals/teams and the season, as factors such as
weather, searcher level of experience and vegetation growth affects the visibility of carcasses,
and the searchers ability to locate them. Searcher efficiency ratings at other wind farms in North
America range, on average, from 30% to 85% (Morrison 2002). The following sections provide a
discussion of searcher efficiencies for each season, as well as overall searcher efficiency for the
2011 monitoring period. Searcher efficiency calculations for each search team are provided in
Appendix C.
3.1.1.1 Spring
Searcher efficiency for the two search teams during spring monitoring were 31% and 53%. One
search team responsible for searches earlier in the season conducted the searcher efficiency
trials on May 2, and the second team responsible for the later surveys conducted trials on
May 17. By weighting individual team searcher efficiency ratings with regard to the proportion of
the turbines surveyed, the overall searcher efficiency was calculated to be 39.8% for the spring
search period.
3.1.1.2 Summer
A single searcher efficiency trial was conducted during the summer period, as there was only
one search team conducting all of the casualty surveys. The searcher efficiency trial was
conducted on July 12, resulting in a searcher efficiency of 66.7% for the summer search period.
3.1.1.3 Fall
Searcher efficiencies for the two search teams conducting fall monitoring were 46.3% and
58.3%. The searcher efficiency trials were conducted on September 12. While there were two
teams, the main team conducted 83% of the turbine searches over the fall period. By weighting
individual team searcher efficiency ratings with regard to the proportion of the turbines
surveyed, the overall searcher efficiency was calculated to be 48.2% for the fall search period.
3.1.1.4 Overall
The overall searcher efficiency was calculated to be 51.1%. There was no notable pattern
observed in the searcher efficiencies over the monitoring period. The decrease in searcher
efficiency compared to monitoring of the initial phase of Kent Hills Wind Farm conducted over
the previous year may have been due to differences in the types of trial carcasses used
3.1

March 6, 2012
between years. Although much of the search area is uniform gravel pad with little vegetation
growth, portions of most turbine search areas were vegetated in 2011, which may also account
for reductions in searcher efficiencies compared to values recorded in 2009 and 2010 at the
Kent Hills Wind Farm.
3.1.2
Scavenger Impact Trials
The following section discusses the results of the scavenger impact trials by season (i.e., spring,
summer and fall) and overall.
3.1.2.1 Spring
The spring scavenger impact trial ran from May 17 to 24, 2011. Carcasses were typically placed
along access roads or other cleared areas that had similar substrate conditions as the turbine
search areas. Five quail chicks and five rats were placed initially, with six carcasses remaining
at the end of the trial. Two remaining carcasses had evidence of scavenging, but enough of the
carcasses remained to make it possible to locate and identify them, though one was partially
buried. Table 3.1 presents the number of carcasses remaining during each of the visits following
initiation of the spring trial, as well as the proportion of carcasses not removed by scavengers
over the spring trial period (the Sc value).
Table 3.1
Number of Carcasses Remaining at Each Visit Spring Trial
Date
Placed
Visit 1
Visit 2
Visit 3
Visit 4
Visit 5
Visit 6
Visit 7
17-May
18-May
19-May
20-May
21-May
22-May
23-May
24-May
10
10
10
Sc (spring)
0.9333
There was no sign of scavenging until Day 3, with one rat removed per day over the next three
days, and a chick removed on day 6. The proportion of carcasses not removed by scavengers
over the trial period (Sc) for the spring was 0.9333, or 93.3%.
3.1.2.2 Summer
The summer scavenger impact trial ran from July 12 to 19, 2011, and had the highest
scavenging rates of the three seasons. As was done in spring, carcasses were placed along
access roads or other cleared areas with substrate conditions similar to those within the turbine
search areas. Four quail chicks and five rats were placed. Scavenging was high relative o the
spring trial, with 2 carcasses missing after the first day, and three more missing the next day.
All carcasses were gone by the last visit. Table 3.2 presents the number of carcasses
remaining during each of the visits for the summer trial, as well as the proportion of carcasses
not removed by scavengers over the summer trial period (the Sc value).
3.2

March 6, 2012
Table 3.2
Number of Carcasses Remaining at Each Visit Summer Trials
Date
Placed
Visit 1
Visit 2
Visit 3
Visit 4
Visit 5
Visit 6
Visit 7
12-Jul
13-Jul
14-Jul
15-Jul
16-Jul
17-Jul
18-Jul
19-Jul
Sc (summer)
0.7273
The proportion of carcasses not removed by scavengers over the trial period (Sc) for the
summer was 0.7273, or 72.7%.
3.1.2.3 Fall
The fall scavenger impact trial ran from September 12 to 19, 2011. As with the spring and
summer scavenger impact trials, carcasses were placed along access roads or other cleared
areas with substrate conditions similar to those within the turbine search areas. Five poultry
chicks and five mice were placed. Table 3.3 presents the number of carcasses remaining
during each of the visits following initiation of the fall trial, as well as the proportion of carcasses
not removed by scavengers over the fall trial period (the Sc value).
Table 3.3
Number of Carcasses Remaining at Each Visit Fall Trial
Date
Placed
Visit 1
Visit 2
Visit 3
Visit 4
Visit 5
Visit 6
Visit 7
12-Sep
13-Sep
14-Sep
15-Sep
16-Sep
17-Sep
18-Sep
19-Sep
Sc (fall)
0.7568
10
The trend was very similar to the summer trial, with more carcasses missing with each visit, and
only 1 carcass remaining at visit 7. The remaining carcass had evidence of scavenging. The
proportion of carcasses not removed by scavengers over the seven visit trial period for the fall
was 0.7568, or 75.7%.
3.1.2.4 Overall
The overall Sc was calculated by adding up the carcass numbers by visit number, as shown in
Table 3.4, and completing the equation.
3.3

March 6, 2012
Table 3.4
Overall Proportion of Carcasses Not Removed by Scavengers.
Season
Visit 0
Visit 1
Visit 2
Visit 3
Visit 4
Visit 5
Visit 6
Visit 7
Spring
10
10
10
Summer
Fall
10
Overall
29
26
21
17
14
12
11
Sc (overall)
0.8308
Morrison (2002) reported that the average persistence of carcasses varied depending on the
season, but was shorter in the spring and longer in the summer/fall. In the case of the Kent Hills
Wind Farm Expansion Post-construction Monitoring Program, the opposite was noted, with
higher carcass persistence in the spring, and a decrease in persistence time noted in the
summer and fall. In the summer and fall of 2011, the presence of fox and coyote on site was
noted, and may be a factor in the reduced carcass persistence time. The overall Sc is less than
the spring value and higher than the summer and fall values.
3.1.3
Casualty Searches
In all, only four bird and three bat carcasses were found during the 28 weeks of postconstruction casualty searches at the Kent Hills Wind Farm Expansion in 2011. The casualties
were roughly distributed equally between birds and bats, and among the seasons. The 2011
numbers are comparable to the number of casualties recorded in 2009 and 2010 for the initial
phase of the wind farm when twice as many turbines were searched. In 2009, nine bird and four
bat casualties were found, and four bird and 1 bat casualty were discovered in 2010 (Stantec
Consulting Ltd. 2010 and 2011).
Table 3.5 provides a summary of carcasses found during 2011, including their provincial
ranking. None of the species found are listed in the Species at Risk Act (SARA). The following
sub-sections discuss findings, and provide the corrected mortality estimates for both birds and
bats.
Table 3.5
Carcasses Found During the Program, 2011
Date
Turbine
Type
Common Name
Scientific Name
SRank
NBDNR Rank
11-Apr-11
H3
bat
little brown bat
Myotis lucifugus
S4
Sensitive
9-May-11
E8
bird
Blue-headed Vireo
Vireo solitarius
S5
Secure
30-May-11
H1
bird
Northern Parula
Parula americana
S5
Secure
3.4

March 6, 2012
Table 3.5
Carcasses Found During the Program, 2011
Date
Turbine
Type
Common Name
Scientific Name
SRank
NBDNR Rank
4-Jul-11
E3
bird
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
S5
Secure
25-Jul-11
H1
bat
little brown bat
Myotis lucifugus
S4
Sensitive
12-Sep-11
G1
bat
Myotis lucifugus
S4
Sensitive
26-Sep-11
H3
bird
little brown bat

Black-throated Green
Warbler
Dendroica virens
S5
Secure
3.1.3.1 Birds
During the 28-week post-construction monitoring period in 2011 four bird carcasses were
located during the regularly scheduled casualty searches. Of these, two were found during the
spring survey period (mid-April to mid-June), one in the summer (mid-June to mid-August), and
one during the fall period (mid-August through mid-October). All carcasses were observed
individually, on separate days. The spring casualties were recorded mid-season, at the
beginning and end of May. Each of the four different species observed are common in New
Brunswick. Two of these species (Black-throated Green Warbler and Red-eyed Vireo) had
been previously recorded as casualties at the Kent Hills Wind Farm in 2010. Neither Blueheaded Vireo nor Northern Parula had been previously recorded as casualties at Kent Hills.
One incidental bird casualty record, a Black-and-white Warbler, was recorded on May 17 at
turbine E6 (unlit). As this record was not recorded during a scheduled survey of a selected
turbine, the record was not used in calculating mortality estimates.
Bird casualties were spread among the turbines, including two in the H-Row (H1 and H3), and
two in the E-Row (E3 and E8). None were recorded in the two short rows (G and I). No
turbines had more than one recorded bird casualty. Two of the four turbines with bird casualties
are lit. Given the low number of collisions, and the spatial and temporal distribution of the
casualty records, an attempt at discerning patterns based on weather and/or habitat is not
possible or warranted.
Table 3.6 presents the seasonal and overall corrected estimates for bird casualties, as well as
the correction factors used to determine the casualty estimates (refer to Section 2.1.1). The
corrected estimates were calculated using the correction equation provided by Environment
Canada, which takes scavenging, searcher efficiency and percent area searched calculations
into consideration. The corrected estimate for bird casualties is calculated, and presented, as
casualties per turbine, or casualties per MW for the 28-week monitoring program (see Table
3.6).
3.5

March 6, 2012
Table 3.6
Corrected Estimates for Bird Casualties
Period
Se
Sc
Ps
Casualties
Per
Turbine
Casualties
Per MW
Spring
0.3979
0.9333
0.6688
14.49
0.81
0.27
Summer
0.6667
0.7273
0.6691
5.55
0.31
0.10
Fall
0.4818
0.7568
0.6697
7.37
0.41
0.14
Overall
0.5113
0.8308
0.6692
25.33
1.41
0.47
Note: C is the corrected number of bird casualties for the entire expansion
Spring monitoring was undertaken weekly from April 11 to June 13, 2011, for a total of ten
weeks. Two avian carcasses were located by searchers, for a corrected total estimate of 14.49
bird casualties for the spring season, which equates to 0.81 bird casualties per turbine or 0.27
bird casualties per MW for spring.
Summer monitoring was undertaken weekly from June 20 to August 15, 2011, for a total of nine
weeks. One avian carcass was located by searchers, for a corrected total estimate of 5.55 bird
casualties for the summer season, which equates to 0.31 bird casualties per turbine or 0.10
casualties per MW for summer.
Fall monitoring was undertaken weekly from August 22 to October 17, 2011, for a total of nine
weeks. One avian carcass was located by searchers, for a corrected estimated total of 7.37 bird
casualties for the fall season; which equates to 0.41 bird casualties per turbine or 0.14 bird
casualties per MW for fall. All bird species located during the 2011 Program are ranked as S5
(widespread abundant and secure) by the Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre (AC
CDC). These species are common within the Expansion area and surrounding region.
Casualty searches were conducted during both spring and fall migration periods and throughout
the breeding season. Monitoring work did not include (roughly) six months of the year during
which activity levels in birds are known to significantly drop, thus the casualty estimate is not
expected to be much greater for the whole year. The corrected causality estimates for the
Program were calculated to be 1.41 bird casualties per turbine, or 0.47 bird casualties per MW .
3.1.3.2 Bats
During the 28-week post-construction monitoring period in 2011, three bat carcasses were
found during the casualty searches, all little brown bats, one in each season. The identifications
were confirmed by NB Museum staff.
3.6

March 6, 2012
Bat casualties were reported at three different turbines: H1, H3 and G1. Only H1 is a lit turbine.
Given the low number of collisions, and the spatial and temporal spread of the casualty records,
an attempt at discerning patterns based on weather and/or habitat is not warranted. Little brown
bat, which may breed in the vicinity of the Expansion area and surrounding region, was the only
bat species recorded in 2011, on April 11, July 25, and September 12. Little brown bat is not
listed in SARA, however it is considered a species of conservation concern, as it is ranked
Sensitive by the province, despite being ranked S4 (widespread and fairly common) by the AC
CDC.
Table 3.7 presents the seasonal and overall corrected estimates for bat casualties, as well as
the correction factors used to determine the casualty estimates (refer to Section 2.1.1). The
corrected estimates were calculated using the correction equation provided by Environment
Canada, which takes scavenging, searcher efficiency and percent area searched calculations
into consideration. The corrected estimate for bat casualties is calculated, and presented, as
casualties per turbine, and casualties per MW for the 28-week monitoring period (see Table
3.7).
Table 3.7
Corrected Estimates for Bat Casualties
Period
Se
Sc
Ps
Casualties
Per
Turbine
Casualties
Per MW
Spring
0.3979
0.9333
0.6688
7.25
0.40
0.13
Summer
0.6667
0.7273
0.6691
5.55
0.31
0.10
Fall
0.4818
0.7568
0.6697
7.37
0.41
0.14
Overall
0.5113
0.8308
0.6692
17.05
0.95
0.32
Note: C is the corrected number of bat casualties for the entire expansion
Spring monitoring was undertaken weekly from April 11 to June 13, 2011, for a total of ten
weeks. One bat carcass was located by searchers, for a corrected total estimate of 7.25 bat
fatalities for the spring season (0.40 bat casualties per turbine or 0.13 bat casualties per MW).
Summer monitoring was undertaken weekly from June 20 to August 15, 2011, for a total of nine
weeks. One bat carcass was located by searchers, for a corrected total estimate of 5.55 bat
fatalities for the summer season (0.31 bat casualties per turbine or 0.10 bat casualties per MW).
Fall monitoring was undertaken weekly from August 22 to October 17, 2011, for a total of nine
weeks. One bat carcass was located by searchers, for a corrected estimated total of 7.37 bat
casualties for the fall season (0.41 bat casualties per turbine or 0.14 bat casualties per MW).
3.7

March 6, 2012
Casualty searches were conducted during both the spring and fall migration periods for bats.
Although monitoring work did not include roughly six months of the year during which activity
levels in bats are known to drop to zero, it is expected that these values represent total
casualties for the year. Therefore, the corrected causality estimates for the Program were
calculated to be 0.95 bat casualties per turbine, or 0.32 bat casualties per MW.
3.1.4
Time Period
The incidence of bird or bat mortality could vary for each of the seasons, as usage of the area
will change over the course of the year. During spring, it would be expected that bird casualties
would reflect species known to breed in the region. Conversely, as bat activity levels increase
throughout the summer months and more notably during the fall migratory season, an increase
in bat casualties could be expected. However, given the low numbers of both bat and bird
carcasses and the relatively even temporal distribution of the casualties, little can be concluded
with regards to timing of mortalities.
3.1.5
Per Turbine
Casualties were spread among the Expansion wind turbines, with carcasses found at five of the
10+ surveyed turbines, with no more than one bird or bat casualty per turbine. However, as
turbines H1 and H3 each had a bird and bat casualty recorded, four of the seven casualties
were recorded at the northwestern end of the wind farm Expansion.
3.1.6
Distance from Turbines
Recording and reporting data on the distance at which a carcass was found from a turbine can
aid in future design of post-construction monitoring protocols. Environment Canada has noted
that birds and bats tend to be concentrated within certain distances from turbines, with the
majority of bird and bat carcasses typically landing within 50 m from the turbine (Denise Fell,
personal communication, February 25, 2009). In collecting and providing the distances at which
carcasses were found, Environment Canada is better able to design monitoring protocols that
reflect variations in the distance carcasses are found from turbines, thus aiding in determining
appropriate search areas.
Table 3.8 presents the number of bird and bat carcasses found at ranges of 5 m increments
from the turbine, up to 50 m from the turbine (the extent of the casualty search area employed)
for 2011.
Table 3.8
Distance Range of 2011 Casualties from Turbines (m)
0 to 4
Bats
Birds
Total
3.8
0
1
1
5 to
9
0
2
2
10 to
14
0
0
0
15 to
19
1
0
1
20 to
24
1
0
1
25 to
29
0
0
0
30 to
34
0
0
0
35 to
39
0
0
0
40 to
44
1
0
1
45 to
50
0
1
1
Total
3
4
7

March 6, 2012
The bat carcasses were found between 17 m and 46 m of the turbine base. Of the four bird
casualties that were recorded, three (75%) were within 10 m of the turbine base.
3.2
BIRD MONITORING
The following section describes the findings of the breeding bird surveys. Species of
conservation concern that were observed during the bird monitoring program are further
discussed in subsection 3.2.2. The raw data containing the breeding bird records is provided in
Appendix F.
3.2.1
Breeding Bird Surveys
During the post-construction breeding bird surveys of 2011, 34 bird species were observed, as
compared to 41 species observed during the breeding bird surveys carried out during preconstruction surveys in June 2009, for a cumulative total of 45 species over the two years.
Considering only species recorded within 100 m, which are included in population estimates, 34
were recorded in 2009 and 29 in 2011, for a total of 37 different species over the two years.
Twenty-six of the same species were recorded in both years. Species recorded in only one of
the two years were found in low numbers (5 or fewer) and frequency. Overall species diversity
between the two years was very similar, with a Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index value of 2.84 in
2009, and 2.79 in 2011.
The breeding bird community observed in the study area is typical of environments in southern
New Brunswick. The relatively low species diversity reflects the relatively low diversity and
quality of breeding bird habitat found within and adjacent to the Kent Hills Wind Farm
Expansion, and most of the species are common forest or edge species.
Table 3.9 presents the total maximum number and density (# per ha) of birds observed during
the two breeding bird survey visits (using point counts with a 100 m detection radius) for each of
the two years of surveys (2009 and 2011). The maximum of the two visits is used because the
individuals recorded during the second survey are likely the same ones that were recorded
during the first survey, so it is assumed that individuals of the same species are recorded during
both visits. Species observations that were either more than 100 m from the observer or had no
evidence of breeding, were not used in density calculations. Species not included in density
calculations over the two years of survey included Ruffed Grouse, Barred Owl, Chimney Swift,
Northern Flicker, Pileated Woodpecker, Common Raven, Ruby-crowned Kinglet, and Wilsons
Snipe.
Overall, numbers and densities between the two years were relatively unchanged, with 275
individuals (4.38 per ha) recorded in 2009 and 274 individuals (4.36 per ha) in 2011, with equal
effort and the same survey locations. Red-eyed Vireos, the second most numerous species,
followed this trend, with 41 recorded in 2009 and 42 in 2011. Other species with relatively high
overall numbers, in addition to being detected at a high frequency of point count locations,
included Ovenbird (49 in 2009 vs. 45 in 2011; an 8% decrease), Black-throated Blue Warbler
(33 vs. 28; a 15% decrease), and Black-throated Green Warbler (22 vs. 29; a 32% increase).
3.9

March 6, 2012
Table 3.9
Maximum Number and Density of Birds Recorded at Point Counts in 2009 and 2011.
Maximum
Number of
Individuals
Observed
Average
NBDNR
within 100m
Density (#/ha)
SStatus
Common Name
Scientific Name
Rank
Rank
2009
2011
2009
2011
Ruby-throated Hummingbird
Archilochus colubris
S5B
Secure
0.03
0.00
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
Sphyrapicus varius
S5B
Secure
13
0.21
0.05
Downy Woodpecker
Picoides pubescens
S5
Secure
0.08
0.03
Hairy Woodpecker
Picoides villosus
S5
Secure
0.03
0.08
Eastern Wood-Pewee
Contopus virens
S5B
Secure
0.08
0.00
Alder Flycatcher
Empidonax alnorum
S5B
Secure
0.03
0.10
Least Flycatcher
Empidonax minimus
S5B
Secure
13
0.11
0.21
Blue-headed Vireo
Vireo solitarius
S5B
Secure
0.06
0.08
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
S5B
Secure
41
42
0.65
0.67
Blue Jay
Cyanocitta cristata
S5
Secure
0.02
0.00
Black-capped Chickadee
Poecile atricapillus
S5
Secure
0.03
0.02
Red-breasted Nuthatch
Sitta canadensis
S5
Secure
0.02
0.00
White-breasted Nuthatch
Sitta carolinensis
S5
Secure
0.03
0.03
Brown Creeper
Certhia americana
S5B
Secure
0.05
0.05
Winter Wren
Troglodytes troglodytes
S5B
Secure
0.02
0.00
Golden-crowned Kinglet
Regulus satrapa
S5B
Secure
0.02
0.02
Swainson's Thrush
Catharus ustulatus
S5B
Secure
0.05
0.00
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
S5B
Secure
0.06
0.06
American Robin
Turdus migratorius
S5B
Secure
0.10
0.11
Cedar Waxwing
Bombycilla cedrorum
S5B
Secure
0.02
0.00
Northern Parula
Parula americana
S5B
Secure
0.08
0.11
Chestnut-sided Warbler
Dendroica pensylvanica
S5B
Secure
12
0.14
0.19
Black-throated Blue Warbler
Dendroica caerulescens
S5B
Secure
33
28
0.53
0.45
Yellow-rumped Warbler
Dendroica coronata
S5B
Secure
0.02
0.02
Black-throated Green Warbler
Dendroica virens
S5B
Secure
22
29
0.35
0.46
Blackburnian Warbler
Dendroica fusca
S5B
Secure
0.08
0.08
Black-and-white Warbler
Mniotilta varia
S5B
Secure
0.00
0.02
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
S5B
Secure
10
18
0.16
0.29
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
S5B
Secure
49
45
0.78
0.72
Mourning Warbler
Oporornis philadelphia
S5B
Secure
0.13
0.14
Common Yellowthroat
Geothlypis trichas
S5B
Secure
0.08
0.06
Song Sparrow
Melospiza melodia
S5B
Secure
0.00
0.03
Lincoln's Sparrow
Melospiza lincolnii
S5B
Secure
0.03
0.02
White-throated Sparrow
Zonotrichia albicollis
S5B
Secure
11
0.11
0.18
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
S5B
Secure
12
0.19
0.06
3.10

March 6, 2012
Table 3.9
Maximum Number and Density of Birds Recorded at Point Counts in 2009 and 2011.
Maximum
Number of
Individuals
Observed
Average
NBDNR
within 100m
Density (#/ha)
SStatus
Common Name
Scientific Name
Rank
Rank
2009
2011
2009
2011
Rose-breasted Grosbeak
Pheucticus ludovicianus
S5B
Secure
0.02
0.00
Purple Finch
Carpodacus purpureus
S4B
Secure
0.00
0.05
Total
275
274
4.38
4.36
Richness
34
29
AC CDC S-Ranks
S1 = Extremely rare throughout its range in the province (typically 5 or fewer occurrences or
very few remaining individuals). May be especially vulnerable to extirpation.
S2 = Rare throughout its range in the province (6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining
individuals). May be vulnerable to extirpation due to rarity or other factors.
S3 = Uncommon throughout its range in the province, or found only in a restricted range,
even if abundant at some locations (21 to 100 occurrences).
S4 = Usually widespread, fairly common throughout its range in the province, and
apparently secure with many occurrences, but the species is of long-term concern
(e.g., watch list) (100+ occurrences).
S5 = Widespread, abundant, and secure, under present conditions
S Rank Qualifiers:
B = Breeding (Migratory
species)
N = Non-breeding (Migratory
species)
? = Inexact or uncertain
C = Captive or cultivated
Table 3.10 lists the maximum number and density of birds for each individual point count
location (100 m detection radius) in 2009 and 2011, sorted by distance to nearest turbine. The
densities of breeding birds in 2009 and 2011 by distance to nearest turbine are also shown in
Figure 3.1. For the four point count locations within 200 m of a turbine, there was a decrease in
total numbers and density, ranging from 12% to 56%, however decreases of greater than 20%
were also recorded at survey points located 350, 410 and 770 m from wind turbines, suggesting
these differences may be attributed to survey variability or natural variation. Beyond the 200 m
distance, there is no obvious trend, with changes ranging from a 33% decrease to a 100%
increase. At 11 of the 20 breeding bird point count locations, either no change or an increase in
total numbers and density was recorded in 2011 compared to data collected during the 2009
surveys.
Table 3.10
Number and Density of Birds in 2009 and 2011 by Distance from Turbines
KHE34
Distance to
Nearest
Turbine (m)
150
5.73
4.14
KHE21
160
16
-56%
5.09
2.23
KHE27
160
16
10
-38%
5.09
3.18
KHE25
170
17
15
-12%
5.41
4.77
KHE19
210
15
18
20%
4.77
5.73
KHE32
210
15
14
-7%
4.77
4.46
KHE35
230
13
18
38%
4.14
5.73
KHE07
240
13
21
62%
4.14
6.68
Point Count
Location
Maximum Number
2009
2011
18
13
Density (#/ha)
%Change
2009
2011
-28%
3.11

March 6, 2012
Table 3.10
Number and Density of Birds in 2009 and 2011 by Distance from Turbines
KHE33
Distance to
Nearest
Turbine (m)
330
5.41
6.05
KHE15
350
15
10
-33%
4.77
3.18
KHE09
380
14
16
14%
4.46
5.09
KHE05
400
10
17
70%
3.18
5.41
KHE23
410
15
10
-33%
4.77
3.18
KHE03
440
10
11
10%
3.18
3.50
KHE17
520
12
12
0%
3.82
3.82
KHE01
560
12
10
-17%
3.82
3.18
KHE11
580
16
100%
2.55
5.09
KHE29
620
13
14
8%
4.14
4.46
KHE28
710
12
12
0%
3.82
3.82
KHE13
770
14
11
-21%
4.46
3.50
275
274
-<1%
4.38
4.36
Point Count
Location
Total Number/% Change and

Average Density
Maximum Number
2009
2011
17
19
Density (#/ha)
%Change
2009
2011
12%
Breeding Bird Denisity (#/ha)
8
7
6
5
4
2009
2011
2
1
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Distance to Nearest Turbine (m)
Figure 3.1
3.12
Breeding Bird Densities (#/ha) by Year and Distance to Nearest Turbines

March 6, 2012
separately by actual distance in metres and by distance category: near 0-250m, medium 251500m, far >500m), were examined using an analysis of variance (ANOVA), with the results
presented in Table 3.11. Results of the ANOVA examining the changes in densities between the
2009 and 2011 breeding bird survey results indicate that there was no significant difference in
the absolute or percent change in bird density (2011 compared to 2009 results) with distance to
nearest turbine (p>0.05), either by actual distance or by distance category.
Table 3.11
Actual Change
Overall
Near
Medium
Far
Percent Change
Overall
Near
Medium
Far
Results of ANOVA of Breeding Bird Densities

Mean
Std. Dev.
SE of Mean
Lower 95% CI for

Mean
Change in Density by Distance
-0.0150
-0.2788
0.1083
0.2133
20
8
6
6
1.5160
1.8585
1.4752
1.2364
0.3390
0.6571
0.6022
0.5048
4.5410
-2.4950
6.5650
11.5980
20
8
6
6
39.1727
39.8952
38.2248
44.6971
8.7593
14.1050
15.6050
18.2480
Upper 95% CI for

Mean
P-value
-0.7245
-1.833
-1.440
-1.084
0.6945
1.2750
1.6564
1.5109
0.4588
-13.8824
-35.8500
-33.5500
-35.3100
22.7844
30.8580
46.6790
58.5050
0.8277
0.4695
0.8087
Note: there was no statistically significant difference between the 2009 and 2011 breeding bird density results (P>0.6)
Appendix G provides a summary of species observations by point count, sorted by the distance
to the nearest turbine. Red-eyed Vireo had a reduction in numbers within 160 m of turbines, but
was more likely to increase in numbers at a greater distance, though this trend was not
consistent. While Ovenbird had its greatest decrease at one of the sites within 160 m of a
turbine, there was no change at the other turbine within 160 m or the 170 m site, and at greater
distances there was no noticeable trend. Black-throated Blue Warbler numbers were down for
the point counts near turbines (160-170 m), but also decreased at further distances (e.g., 230 to
560 m). Black-throated Green Warbler numbers increased at point counts at varying distances
from turbines (160 m,170 m, 240 m, 350 m, 380 m, 440 m, 520 m), and appeared at two point
counts where they had not been previously recorded (560 m and 580 m). Overall, Blackthroated Green Warbler numbers increased by 32% in 2011, as compared to 2009. The Least
Flycatcher and Brown Creeper had been previously detected (i.e., in 2009) at point counts that
are now located within 200 m of turbines, but were not detected in 2011. Other species such as
Yellow-bellied Woodpecker and Dark-eyed Junco had overall reductions in density, whether
they were close or far from turbines.
Table 3.12 presents the results of an ANOVA of changes in densities of the four most common
species from pre-construction to post-construction, based on the distance to nearest turbine.
There is a significant difference (p< 0.05) in the change in density of Black-throated Blue
Warbler, while there was no significant difference in the change in densities of Black-throated
3.13

March 6, 2012
Green Warbler, Ovenbird and Red-eyed Vireo. The significant difference in the change in
density of Black-throated Blue Warbler was due to the decrease in individuals observed in point
counts close to turbines (refer to Appendix G).
Table 3.12
Results of ANOVA of Change in Densities of Selected Bird Species

Mean
Black-throated
-0.0796
Blue Warbler
Black-throated
-0.0955
Green Warbler
Ovenbird
0.1114
Red-eyed Vireo
0.3183
*significant at p < 0.05
3.3
Std. Dev.
SE of Mean
Lower - 95%
CI for Mean
Upper - 95%
CI for Mean
P-value
20
0.2033
0.0455
-0.1747
0.0156
0.0302*
20
0.2551
0.0570
-0.2149
0.0239
0.2121
20
20
0.2971
0.4258
0.0664
0.0952
-0.0276
0.1190
0.2504
0.5176
0.2986
0.2419
SPECIES OF CONSERVATION CONCERN
No SARA-listed Endangered or Threatened species with evidence of breeding were

encountered during surveys, nor were any species considered Endangered, Threatened, or
Special Concern by COSEWIC, but not yet added to Schedule 1 of SARA. Chimney Swift,
Threatened under SARA (Schedule 1), was observed calling and flying through during a point
count on July 2, 2011 (Point count #21; see Figure 2.1). As the observation was a flyover, it
was not counted as a potential breeder at the point count; however the individual was likely
foraging, as there is potential breeding habitat in mature hardwood forest stands surrounding
the turbines. Chimney Swift was confirmed as breeding in 2007 during area searches in the
mature hardwood forest between turbines F5 and E4 (Jacques Whitford 2007).
One species of conservation concern was identified during the 2011 casualty surveys. Little
brown bat, observed during all three seasons of the Program, is ranked Sensitive by NBNDR,
but is ranked S4 by AC CDC (i.e., usually widespread and fairly common, but of longer-term
concern). Its Sensitive ranking is largely due to the hibernating habits of this species, which
congregates in hibernacula to overwinter.
3.14
4.0
CONCLUSION
The 2011 Kent Hills Wind Farm Expansion Post-Construction Monitoring Program was
undertaken to assess the direct and indirect effects of operating wind turbines in the Expansion
area on birds and bats. Direct effects were assessed through weekly casualty surveys at 10
turbines over a 28-week period from mid-April to mid-October. Indirect effects (i.e.,
displacement or habitat avoidance) were assessed by repeating the breeding bird point count
surveys that were conducted in 2009 during pre-construction conditions.
The results of casualty surveys for the initial phase of the wind farm had yielded relatively low
mortality rates, and similar numbers were recorded in 2011 for the Expansion. In total, four bird
carcasses and three bat carcasses were located during the 2011 casualty searches. As
discussed in Section 3.3, the bat species (little brown bat) located during casualty searches is
considered a species of conservation concern; whereas the bird species are common in the
region. When the mortality estimate correction equation was applied to these numbers, taking
into account scavenger impact data, searcher efficiency trial results, and percent area searched
calculations, the estimated number of bird and bat mortalities for the 28-week monitoring period
in 2011 was 1.41 birds per turbine, or 0.47 birds per MW; as well as 0.95 bats per turbine, or
0.32 bats per MW. These numbers are similar to the estimated mortality rates in 2009 and 2010
for the Kent Hills Wind Farm (Table 4.1).
Table 4.1
Program
Initial Phase
Expansion
Mortality Rates Comparison within Kent Hills Wind Farm

Casualties Per Turbine
Year
Birds
Bats
2009
0.96
0.41
0.39
0.10
2010
0.95
2011
1.41
Casualties Per MW
Birds
Bats
0.33
0.14
0.13
0.03
0.47
0.32
The National Wind Coordinating Collaborative (NWCC) provides a summary of studies

conducted at more than 60 wind farms throughout North America. Results from this summary
report show that estimates of bird casualties have been found to be fairly consistent in that 42 of
the 63 studies report casualties of 3 casualties/MW/year (Strickland et al., 2011). In
comparison, the estimated casualty rate of birds in 2011 at the Kent Hills Expansion was found
to be low at 0.47 birds/MW for the 28-week monitoring period. With respect to bats, of the 66
studies reported in Strickland et al., (2011) that provided estimates of bat casualties, most wind
farms (54) report bat casualties < 10 casualties/MW/year, and range from 0.07 to 39.7 bat
casualties/MW for the 28-week monitoring period. In comparison, the estimated casualty rate of
bats at the Kent Hills Expansion in 2011 is 0.32 bats/MW for the 28-week monitoring period.
Avian mortality studies from 14 North American facilities were reviewed by Arnett et al. (2007).
Corrected avian mortality estimates ranged from 0.63 to 7.7 birds per turbine or 0.95 to 11.7 bird
4.1

CONCLUSION
March 6, 2012
casualties per MW. The Mars Hill Wind Farm is situated approximately 240 km WSW of the
Kent Hills Wind Farm. Fatalities at the Mars Hill Wind Farm were 0.68 bats per turbine and 2.04
birds per turbine (Stantec Consulting 2009). It should be noted, however, that methodologies
differed between the Expansion 2011 monitoring protocol and the Mars Hill 2008 monitoring
protocol. Arnett et al. (2008) reviewed bat studies from 22 North American wind facilities, and
found that corrected estimates of bat mortality rates ranged from 0.1 to 69.6 bats per turbine or
0.2 to 53.3 bats per MW across North America.
With regards to the breeding bird surveys, observations made during the breeding season are
comparable to those made during pre-construction surveys in 2009, and are typical of the area.
Overall bird numbers and species diversity remained consistent.
separately by actual distance in metres and by distance category: near 0-250m, medium 251500m, far >500m), were examined using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results of the
ANOVA examining the changes in densities between the 2009 and 2011 breeding bird survey
results indicate that there was no significant difference in the absolute or percent change in bird
density (2011 compared to 2009 results) with distance to nearest turbine (p>0.05), either by
actual distance or by distance category. Results of an ANOVA of changes in densities of the
four most common species (Black-throated Blue Warbler, Black-throated Green Warbler,
Ovenbird and Red-eyed Vireo) from pre-construction to post-construction, based on the
distance to nearest turbine, found a significant difference (p< 0.05) in the change in density of
Black-throated Blue Warbler only. The significant difference in the change in density of Blackthroated Blue Warbler was due to the decrease in individuals observed in point counts close to
turbines.
No large concerns were identified during the pre-construction monitoring work at the Kent Hills
Wind Farm Expansion, and the results of the post-construction monitoring program in 2011
would support that conclusion. The total estimated annual mortality rates for 2011 fall within the
lower end of the reported range of estimated mortalities at wind farms throughout North America
and Canada.
This report has been prepared on behalf of and for the exclusive use of TransAlta Corporation
and its representatives for the Expansion. This review only represents the literature available at
the time of its preparation. The conclusions presented herein represent the best judgment of
Stantec based on current knowledge and standards. Stantec attests that to the best of our
knowledge, the information presented in this report is accurate.
4.2

CONCLUSION
March 6, 2012
Sincerely,
STANTEC CONSULTING LTD.
Greg A, M, Johnson, M.Sc.

Project Manager
Associate, Environmental Management
Derek Ebner, M.Sc., P.Biol.

Senior Reviewer
Senior Wildlife Biologist
4.3
5.0
REFERENCES
5.1
LITERATURE CITED
Arnett, E.B., D.B. Inkley, D.H. Johnson, R.P. Larkin, S. Manes, A.M. Manville, J.R. Mason, M.L.
Morrison, M.D. Strickland, and R. Thresher. 2007. Impacts of Wind Energy Facilities on
Wildlife and Wildlife Habitats. Wildlife Society Technical Review 07-2. The Wildlife Society,
Bethesda, Maryland.
Arnett, E.B., Brown, W.K., Erickson, W.P., Fiedler, J.k., Hamilton, B.L., Henry, T.H., Jain, A.,
Johnson, G.D., Kerns, J., Koford, R.R., Nicholson, C.P., OConnell, T.J., Piorkowski, M.D.,
Tankersley, R.D. Jr. 2008. Patterns of Bat Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities in North
America. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 72(1).
Environment Canada. 2007. Recommended Protocols for Monitoring Impacts of Wind Turbines
on Birds. April 2007.
Jacques Whitford. 2007. EIA Registration File Number 4561-3-1128: Kent Hills Wind Farm,
TransAlta Wind Response to Comments. Letter report to New Brunswick Department of
Environment, Project Assessment Branch, dated August 20, 2007.
Morrison, M. 2002. Searcher Bias and Scavenging Rates in Bird/Wind Energy Studies. National
Renewable Energy Laboratories, Colorado.
National Wind Coordinating Collaborative. 2010. Wind Turbine Interactions with Birds, Bats, and
their Habitats: A summary of Research Results and Priority Questions.
www.nationalwind.org. 8 pp. Spring 2010.
Pyle, P. 1997. Identification guide to North American birds - part 1. Slate Creek Press, Bolinas,
CA.
Stantec Consulting. 2009. Post-construction Monitoring at the Mars Hill Wind Farm, Maine
Year 2. 2008. Prepared For: First Wind Management, LLC. Prepared By: Stantec
Consulting, Topsham, ME. January 2009.
Stantec Consulting Ltd. 2010. Kent Hills Wind Farm 2009 Post-Construction Monitoring
Program. Final Report. Prepared For: TransAlta Corporation. Prepared By: Stantec
Consulting Ltd, Saint John, NB. February 24, 2010.
Stantec Consulting Ltd. 2011. Kent Hills Wind Farm 2010 Post-Construction Monitoring
Program. Final Report. Prepared For: TransAlta Corporation. Prepared By: Stantec
Consulting Ltd, Saint John, NB. January 24, 2011.
Strickland, M.D., E.B. Arnett, W.P. Erickson, D.H. Johnson, G.D. Johnson, M.L. Morrison, J.A.
Shaffer, and W. Warren-Hicks. 2011. Comprehensive Guide to Studying Wind
Energy/Wildlife Interactions. Prepared for the National Wind Coordinating Collaborative,
Washington, D.C., USA.
5.1

REFERENCES
March 6, 2012
5.2
PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS
Fell, Denise. Personal Communication, via email. February 25, 2009.
5.2
6.0
Appendices
APPENDIX A Protocol
APPENDIX B Wildlife Collection Permits
APPENDIX C Detailed Calculations
APPENDIX D Field Data Collection Forms
APPENDIX E Mortality Surveys Results
APPENDIX F Breeding Bird Surveys Results
APPENDIX G Breeding Bird Summary of Species by Point Count Location
6.1
APPENDIX A
Protocol

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Protocol
Post-Construction
Bird and Bat Monitoring
April 2011
TransAlta Corporation
110 - 12th Avenue S.W.
Box 1900, Station M
Calgary, Alberta
T2P 2M1
(403) 267-2000
www.transalta.com
Introduction
TransAlta Corp. (TransAlta) has developed the Kent Hills Wind Farm Expansion (the
Project) in Albert County, New Brunswick. This Project was subject to the Clean
Environment Act, and an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) registration was
undertaken. TransAlta received a Certificate of Determination for this EIA on December
18, 2009. One of the conditions of approval was the undertaking of post-construction
monitoring of bird and bat resources at the site. This document presents a protocol for
this follow-up program, incorporating comments from Environment Canada/Canadian
Wildlife Service (EC) and the New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources
(NBDNR), following their review of an earlier draft dated January 2010.
Background
For the Kent Hills Wind Farm New Brunswick EIA registration, and subsequent
Environmental Assessment (EA) Report to support a Screening under the Canadian
Environmental Assessment Act (CEAA), extensive fieldwork, consultation and analysis
was undertaken. This included a thorough characterization of the natural environment at
the site of the original Kent Hills Wind Farm and Expansion, including vegetation, birds
and other vertebrate species. Specifically, for the original application, bird surveys were
carried out onsite for seven seasons (spring, summer and fall of 2006; winter, spring,
summer and fall 2007). For the Expansion Project application, a 2008 fall bird migration
study was completed focusing on the Expansion (G-row and H-Row) part of the Study
Area, to supplement the 2006 and 2007 data.
Habitat
The Kent Hills Wind Farm Expansion is located in the Southern New Brunswick Uplands
Ecoregion of the Atlantic Maritime Ecozone, in eastern New Brunswick. Kent Hills is
located 5 km northeast of Fundy National Park. The site is situated on a plateau and is
irregularly shaped, approximately 12 km long and as much as 5.5 km wide. The land is
currently owned by the province (Crown Land), and there are logging roads to and
through the site which are frequently used by ATV drivers. The Study Area is located
between elevation 350 m and 400 m. The habitat within the Project boundaries is
predominately mixed or hardwood forest, with some nursery/plantation areas. Much of
the habitat is young, with numerous clear-cuts at various stages of regeneration.
Birds
As part of the original EIA Report a field program was employed to collect data on birds
in the Primary Study Area, with emphasis on migrating birds. A migration monitoring
program was undertaken in the spring (April/May) and autumn (September/October) of
2006. Additionally, breeding bird surveys were conducted within the Primary Study Area
in June 2006. The results of these surveys were presented in the original EIA report.
Supplemental surveys were also conducted in the breeding and fall migration seasons in
2007. A migration and breeding bird monitoring report for the 2007 surveys was
provided in the response to TRC Comments.
Post-Construction Monitoring Protocol

April 2011
Page 2
As follow up to the 2006 and 2007 bird monitoring programs, a 2008 fall bird migration
study was completed focusing on the Expansion (G-row and H-Row) part of the Study
Area, to supplement the 2006 and 2007 data.
Post-construction bird and bat monitoring was conducted at the Kent Hills Wind Farm in
2009 and 2010. Indirect effects (i.e. displacement, habitat avoidance) were assessed in
2009 by replication of the breeding bird point count surveys that were undertaken during
pre-construction (baseline) conditions. Direct effects (mortality) to birds and bats were
assessed in 2009 and 2010 through carcass searches around a subset of 20 of the 32
wind turbines during the 26 week monitoring period.
Scope of Monitoring
TransAlta has committed to undertaking up to two years of focused post-construction
monitoring, with a commitment to assess the results of the first year of monitoring in
cooperation with EC and NBDNR to determine the need for the second year.
Monitoring will focus on the assessment of direct effects to birds and bats and indirect
effects to birds of operating wind turbines in the Kent Hills Wind Farm Expansion.
Indirect effects will be assessed through repeating the breeding bird point count surveys
to compare pre-construction conditions with those during the first year or two years of
Project operation. Direct effects to birds and bats will be monitored by carcass searches
at 10 wind turbine sites in the Expansion area.
The spatial extent of the post-construction monitoring will include the extent of the Kent
Hills Wind farm Expansion as constructed. Temporally, bird and bat casualty surveys will
be undertaken during the spring, summer and fall, as outlined below.
Survey Methodology
The survey methodology outlined below is considered appropriate for this Project, and is
based on standardized and tested methodology of surveys completed at other TransAlta
operational projects and other wind energy facilities. Consideration was given to
Environment Canadas protocol guidance document (Environment Canada 2007) during
the drafting of this protocol.
Direct Effects - Casualty Surveys

Casualty surveys will be undertaken during spring (mid-April to mid-June), summer (midJune to mid-August) and fall (mid-August to mid-October) for a 26 week survey period.
Frequency of surveys will be weekly, but this may be increased if carcass
removal/scavenging frequency is high at the site (see below).
A representative sample of 10 of the 18 wind turbines will be selected for surveying, and
will be representative of spatial extent of the wind farm, lit vs. unlit, and habitat found in
the Project area. At each turbine, a circular plot will be searched, with a radius of 50 m
centered on the base of the turbine. All open area within this circular plot will be
searched for casualties, and an assessment completed on a site-by-site basis as to the
efficacy of searching in vegetated areas within the plot. If searcher efficiency is
compromised in certain areas, the approximate area compromised will be mapped and

April 2011
Page 3
noted for later use in correcting for the percent area searched in estimating the total
mortality.
Searching will be efficient through the use of two people and a rope 57 m in length. This
methodology has proven very effective for casualty searches at TransAltas
Summerview Wind Farm. One observer is situated at the end of the rope and another is
situated 7 m from the end of the rope (57 m and 50 m from the turbine base,
respectively). As the observers walk together in a circle around the base of the turbine,
keeping the rope taut, the rope wraps around the turbine base, thus creating a spiral
search path, which continues until the observers are at the base of the turbine. This
method allows the observers to focus on searching for bird and bat casualties without
being distracted by following flagged paths or prescribed search areas. This method was
used during the casualty searches in 2009 and 2010 at the Kent Hills Wind Farm.
Each carcass detected will be identified to species, aged and sexed in the field if
possible (using Pyle (1997) or other sources), or retained for future identification, ageing
and sexing. (Note: appropriate federal and provincial scientific collection permits will be
obtained from EC and NBDNR if specimens are to be retained.) The location of each
carcass will be recorded using a handheld GPS, and the condition of the carcass (Table
1) and probable cause of death (with rationale for the determination) will be noted.
Carcasses of bats and birds will be removed from the sampling area to avoid attracting
scavengers, and assuming the appropriate permits are obtained, specimens will be
made available to NB Museum and university staff for examination and/or necropsy.
In light of the recent discovery of White-nose Syndrome in Albert County NB, all bat
carcasses discovered during the 2011 monitoring program will be delivered to the NB
Museum. Subsequent analyses (conducted by Museum staff) may help to further the
understanding of the distribution or spatial extent of bats infected with the White-nose
disease.
Table 1. Carcass condition categories.
Code
Description
M
F
R
D
Recently dead but with noticeable decay or scavenging by insects; probably died within 1-7 days.
Decomposed carcass, barely recognizable or not recognizable to species; probably dead more
than 7 days.
In addition to bird and bat carcasses, any injured or moribund individuals will be
recorded in the same fashion as above for fatalities. These moribund individuals will be
humanely euthanized (the appropriate permit will be obtained from the relevant agency).
Circumstantial evidence of bird or bat casualty (e.g., feathers, blood spots) will be noted,
geo-referenced and identified to species if possible (in the case of bird feathers).
To assess the influence of scavenging on carcass removal in each season, a sample of
carcasses (such as chicks, quails and chickens obtained from suppliers) will be placed in
similar habitat at least 500m away from any sample station and checked daily for a
period of a week, or until all of the carcasses have been scavenged. Results of this test
will be used to correct mortality estimates for the effect of carcass removal by
scavengers.

April 2011
Page 4
Searcher efficiency trials are designed to correct for carcasses that may be overlooked
by searchers during the survey periods. To facilitate this correction, trial carcasses will
be placed within the search area prior to the regular search by someone other than
searchers. Searcher efficiency trials will be done blindly, in that searchers will not know
they are being tested. After the regular search, the person doing the trial will return to
the search areas and retrieve any overlooked trial carcasses. Collected trial carcasses
will be removed from the actual mortalities during calculations of the total mortality
estimate. Searchers will walk following the searching method noted above. Each
searcher will walk the search path noting the location of carcasses. This test will provide
a measure of variability between searchers and searching success for the study team,
offering an overall estimate of the efficiency of the searching methodology.
These trials will be repeated in each season of sampling to address inter-seasonal
variability in scavenging removal and searcher efficiency rates (due to vegetation cover
differences).
Indirect Effects Breeding Bird Point counts

In order to allow for an assessment of indirect effects to birds (habitat avoidance,
displacement), breeding bird surveys will be undertaken in 2011. The 20 point count
locations surveyed during the EIA fieldwork will be re-surveyed using the same
methodology to facilitate a direct comparison between pre-construction and postconstruction breeding bird diversity and abundance. Two surveys will be conducted, one
in early June and one in late June using 10 minute point counts. All birds (species and
number) observed, either by sight or song will be noted. Three distance categories will
be used for recording: 0-50 m from the observer, 50-100 m and greater than 100 m.
Birds flying overhead will be noted separately from the point count observations. Data
will also be collected on weather conditions during the point count surveys, including
temperature, wind speed and direction, precipitation and visibility. Point counts will not
be conducted in heavy rain or strong winds.
Incidental observations will be recorded of species in the area during each survey day
outside of the point count surveys conducted in the early morning hours. The observer
will note specific details, including location and behaviour for any species of
conservation concern noted through incidental observation.
Data Analysis and Reporting

A final report will be produced that will provide raw data and results analysis of the postconstruction monitoring program. The report will be shared with EC and NBDNR for
review and discussion. Based on the results of the 2011 monitoring work, and
consultation with EC and NBDRN, requirements for subsequent monitoring in 2012 will
be determined.

April 2011
Page 5
Literature Cited
Environment Canada. 2007. Recommended Protocols for Monitoring Impacts of Wind
Turbines on Birds. April 2007.
Pyle, P. 1997. Identification guide to North American birds - part 1. Slate Creek Press,
Bolinas, CA.

April 2011
Page 6

Appendices
March 6, 2012
APPENDIX B
Wildlife Collection Permits

Appendices
March 6, 2012

Appendices
March 6, 2012
APPENDIX C
Detailed Calculations

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Appendix C
Calculations Summaries
The methodologies for calculating Scavenger Impact Trial value, the overall weighted Searcher
Efficiency values, the Percent Area Searched and the final Corrected Mortality Estimate value
are illustrated below.
SEARCHER EFFICIENCY TRIAL CALCULATION
Searcher efficiency (Se) was calculated for each search team using the following equation:
Se =
number of test carcasses found

(number of test carcasses placed) (number of test carcasses scavenged)
Searchers searched varying numbers of turbines over the course of the casualty surveys, and it
was necessary to find a weighted average which reflected the proportion of turbines each
search team searched. This weighted average, or overall searcher efficiency, was calculated as
follows:
Seo = Se1(n1/T) + Se2(n2/T) + Se3(n3/T) + Se...(n.../T)...

where:
Seo
is the overall searcher efficiency;
Se1 and 2 and 3...
are individual searcher efficiency ratings;
N1 and 2 and 3...
are number of turbines searched by each searcher; and
is the total number of turbines searched by all searchers.
The overall searcher efficiency was calculated separately for each season that the casualty
surveys ran (Table C1).
Table C1:
Weighted Searcher Efficiency Trial Results Seasonal and Overall
Survey
Team
Season
Spring
(mid-Apr to
mid-Jun)
SE(team)
T1
Avg(1)
Se (Season)
2-May
HF/TJK
15
0.533
40
0.4000
0.2133
17-May
RB/TJK
13
0.3077
60
0.6000
0.1846
Total
100
1.0000
0.3979
Summer
(mid-Jun to mid-Aug)
Trial conducted 12-Jul
Fall
(mid-Aug to mid-Oct)
Trial conducted 12-Sept
Overall
Number
Number of
Number
Number
of
Carcasses
Scavenged overlooked carcasses
Placed
found
RB/TJK
10
0.667
90
1.0000
0.6667
HF/RB
12
0.583
15
0.1667
0.0972
RB/TJK
13
0.462
75
0.8333
0.3846
Total
90
1.0000
0.4818
HF/TJK
15
0.533
40
0.1429
0.0762
RB/TJK
13
0.3077
60
0.2143
0.0659
RB/TJK
10
0.667
90
0.3214
0.2143
HF/RB
12
0.583
15
0.0536
0.0313
RB/TJK
13
0.4615
75
0.2679
0.1236
Total
280
0.4921
0.5113
T1
Total turbines searched per team for Season
Avg(1) Total turbines searched per team/Total turbines searched per season
[Avg(1)][Se(team)]
Se (season)
PERCENT AREA SEARCHED CALCULATION

Percent area searched methodology is discussed in section 2.2.1 of the Report. Below provides
the calculations for percent area searched by season.
Percent area searched (Ps) is calculated as follows:
Ps = area searched
r2
where r = 50 m
In this equation, area searched refers to the unvegetated, searchable areas within the 50 m
radius searched, and r is the radius corresponding to the size of the area Environment Canada
identified as most likely to find the carcasses.
Since the searchable area around a turbine varied per turbine, the weighted average Ps of all
searched turbines (weighted by total number of searches for each turbine) was used in the
correction equation. The area searched around each turbine was determined using a GPS to
map out the approximate limits of the area searched. Using ArcInfo, this area was calculated
for each turbine, and is presented in Table C2, along with the percent area searched for each
turbine.
Table C2: Searchable Area and Percent Area Searched for Each Turbine
2
Turbine
E3
Searchable Area (m )
5905.3
Ps (turbine)
0.7539
E5
5595.2
0.7143
E6
4622.9
0.5902
E7
5700.8
0.7278
E8
5329.6
0.6804
G1
5462.5
0.6973
H1
5400.9
0.6895
H2
5051.0
0.6448
H3
5597.7
0.7146
H5
4876.3
0.6225
H7
4828.3
0.6164
H8
5636.6
0.7196
I1
3885.9
0.4961

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Table C3:
Calculation of Percent Area Searched by Season
Season
Summer
S1
(1)
Avg
Ps
S1
E3
E5
E6
E7
E8
G1
H1
H2
H3
H5
H7
H8
I1
Spring
Fall
Turbine
Avg
(1)
Ps
9
10
1
1
9
10
9
1
10
10
10
10
10
0.0900
0.1000
0.0100
0.0100
0.0900
0.1000
0.0900
0.0100
0.1000
0.1000
0.1000
0.1000
0.1000
0.0678
0.0714
0.0059
0.0073
0.0612
0.0697
0.0621
0.0064
0.0715
0.0623
0.0616
0.0720
0.0496
Total
100
9
8
1
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
1.0000
0.1000
0.0889
0.0111
0.1000
0.1000
0.1000
0.1000
0.1000
0.1000
0.1000
0.1000
0.6688
0.0754
0.0635
0.0066
0.0680
0.0697
0.0689
0.0715
0.0623
0.0616
0.0720
0.0496
Total
90
9
9
9
9
9
1
8
9
9
9
9
1.0000
0.1000
0.1000
0.1000
0.1000
0.1000
0.0111
0.0889
0.1000
0.1000
0.1000
0.1000
0.6691
0.0754
0.0714
0.0680
0.0697
0.0689
0.0072
0.0635
0.0623
0.0616
0.0720
0.0496
180
1.0000
0.6953
E3
E5
E6
E8
G1
H1
H3
H5
H7
H8
I1
E3
E5
E8
G1
H1
H2
H3
H5
H7
H8
I1
Total
Total Searches per turbine for season
S1/Total Searches for season
(1)
[Avg ][Ps(turbine)]

Appendices
March 6, 2012
ESTIMATED MORTALITY CORRECTION EQUATION CALCULATION

Mortality Correction Equation:
C = (c / (Se x Sc x Ps)) x (K/n),

where:
is the corrected number of bird or bat mortalities for the entire expansion;
is the number of carcasses found;
Se
is the proportion of carcasses expected to be found by searchers (searcher

efficiency);
Sc
is the proportion of carcasses not removed by scavengers over the search

period; and,
Ps
is the percent of the area searched.
is the number of turbines searched
is the total number of turbines in the wind farm
Corrected bird mortality estimates and bat mortality estimates are calculated separately per
season, and are provided below in Tables C4 and C5. Because different searchers worked for
differing lengths of time, their efficiencies are weighted by season, then added together for the
overall 28-week monitoring period. Searcher efficiency and scavenger trials, and percent area
searched are all used for the correction of bird and bat mortality estimates.

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Table C4:
Season
Estimated Bird Mortality Correction Results
Se
Sc
Ps
K/n
Spring
0.3979
0.9333
0.6688
1.8000
Summer
0.6667
0.7273
0.6691
1.8000
0.4818
0.7568
0.6697
1.8000
0.8308
0.6692
1.8000
Fall
Overall
0.5113
n=10; K=18
Casualties
per turbine
Casualties
Per MW
14.49
0.81
0.27
5.55
0.31
0.10
7.37
0.41
0.14
25.33
1.41
0.47
Casualties
Per Turbine
Casualties
Per MW
Table C5: Estimated Bat Mortality Correction Results
Season
Se
Sc
Ps
K/n
Spring
0.3979
0.9333
0.6688
1.8000
7.25
0.40
0.13
Summer
0.6667
0.7273
0.6691
1.8000
5.55
0.31
0.10
0.4818
Fall
Overall
0.5113
n=10; K=18
0.7568
0.6697
1.8000
7.37
0.41
0.14
0.8308
0.6692
1.8000
17.05
0.95
0.32
APPENDIX D
Field Data Collection Forms

Appendices
March 6, 2012
2011 Kent Hills Wind Turbine Casualty Search
Date
, 2011
Turbine ID ______
Temp: ______ C
Observers: ______________ __
Time Start: ____________
Job # 121810397
__________________
Time End: ___________
Precipitation: ________________ Wind Direction: ______ Wind Speed: ______
Cloud Cover _______% Visibility ________km

Anything Found: Yes ____ No ____
Turbine ID ______
Temp: ______ C
Comments______________________________________________
Time Start: ____________
Time End: ___________

Turbine ID ______
Temp: ______ C
Comments______________________________________________
Time Start: ____________
Time End: ___________

Turbine ID ______
Temp: ______ C
Comments______________________________________________
Time Start: ____________
Time End: ___________

Turbine ID ______
Temp: ______ C
Comments______________________________________________
Time Start: ____________
Time End: ___________

Comments______________________________________________
Bird/Bat Mortality Monitoring Form - 2011

Date and Time_________________________
Project Number___121810397__________
Study Area and Site: Kent Hills Wind Farm Expansion

Observer _____________________________________
Temperature ___________________
Weather
Wind Condition_______________________
Wind Direction :
N
NNE
Precipitation
None Fog
NE
ENE
ESE
SE
SSE
SSW
SW
Cloud Cover (%) ________

Drizzle
WSW
WNW
NW
NNW
Visibility _______________
Lt Rain Hvy Rain
Carcass Information:
Carcass ID example (Year-Month-Day)-(Searcher Initials)-(Turbine Number-Carcass Letter)
Carcass ID #
Turbine Tower #
UTM of Specimen Location
Distance and Direction to Nearest Turbine
Substrate Specimen Found In
Adjacent Structures (i.e. fence, power line,
substation) and Approximate Distance from
Specimen
Sex
Age Class
Carcass Condition Code
Keeled Calcar Present?
YES
NO
Toe Hairs Longer than Toes Nails?
YES
NO
Dorsal Tail Membrane Densely Furred?
YES
NO
Measurements (in mm)
Tragus:
Forearm:
Foot:
Species ID
Categories of Carcass Condition
CODE
M
Description
Injured or moribund
Freshly dead with little or no decay or scavenging by insects; probably died within 48 hours
Recently dead but with noticeable decay or scavenging by insects; probably died within 1-7 days
Decomposed carcass, barely recognizable or not recognizable to species; probably dead more than 7 days
Residual remains, such as feathers, bones, blood or other scraps of tissue
Comments:_________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Searcher Efficiency Carcass Form

Date Placed________________________________________________________________________________
Project Number, Study Area & Site 121810397 Kent Hills Expansion
Turbine #__________
Observer ______________________________Searcher____________________________________________
Weather Conditions When Placed
Temperature ______________Wind Condition____________________
Wind Direction :
N
NNE
NE
Precipitation
None Fog
Carcass Type
ENE
ESE
SE
SSE
SSW
SW
Cloud Cover (%) ________

Drizzle
WSW
WNW
NW
NNW
Visibility ______________________
Lt Rain Hvy Rain
Turbine
Number
Location Description
(cleared area, grassy area, on gravel
access road, within crops, etc)
Carcass Located During

Mortality Search? Yes or No.
If No, Confirm Whether
Carcass was Scavenged or
Overlooked
Carcass clearly visible?
Yes, carcass located
Carcass not clearly visible?
No, carcass was not located
Native Bird
Poultry
Description of carcasses location:
If no, carcass was:

Scavenged
Overlooked
Native Bird
Poultry
If no, carcass was:

Scavenged
Overlooked
Native Bird
Poultry
If no, carcass was:

Scavenged
Overlooked
Scavenger Trials - Kent Hills 2011 - Job # 121810397

Kent Hills Wind Farm Expansion - 2011 Scavenger Trials
1
10
Site name
easting
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
northing
507
507
507
507
507
507
507
507
507
507
bait type
Date
SO
Scavenger Codes
SO - Set out
NC - No Change
PB - Partially buried
P - Partial remains
R - Remnants
G - Gone
SO
SO
SO
SO
SO
Notes
* barely recognizable
** beetles or slugs present
SO
SO
SO
SO

Appendices
March 6, 2012
APPENDIX E
Mortality Surveys Results

Appendices
March 6, 2012
APPENDIX E
Mortality Surveys Results
11-Apr-11
H3
2011-04-11-HF,TK-H3-A
UTM Coordinates
(NAD83 Zone 20;
Easting, Northing)
348642, 5071459
9-May-11
E8
2011-05-09-RB,TK-E8-A
354116, 5010609
Bird
Blue-headed Vireo
6.35
SSW
gravel
30-May-11
H1
2011-05-30-RB,TK-H1-A
348627, 5072385
Bird
Northern Parula
46
SSW
gravel
4-Jul-11
E3
2011-07-04-RB,TK-E3-A
352819, 5072681
Bird
Red-eyed Vireo
0.17
SSE
stairway platform
25-Jul-11
H1
2011-07-25-RB,TK-H1-A
348628, 5072325
Bat
little brown bat
17.33
NNW
gravel
12-Sep-11
G1
2011-09-12-RB,HF-G1-A
349940, 5070484
Bat
little brown bat
22
NNE
gravel
26-Sep-11
H3
2011-09-26-RB,TK-H3-A
348639, 5071419
Bird
Black-throated Green
Warbler
5.2
SW
gravel
Turbine
#
Date
Carcass ID#
Bird/
Bat
Bat
Carcass
Condition
Distance from
turbine (m)
Direction
to Turbine
Substrate Type
little brown bat
43
SSW
snow
Species
Carcass Condition Categories

M
F
R
D
X
Recently dead but with noticeable decay or scavenging by insects; probably died within 1-7 days.
Decomposed carcass, barely recognizable or not recognizable to species; probably dead more than 7 days.

Appendices
March 6, 2012
APPENDIX F
Breeding Bird Surveys Results

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Results of 2009/2011 Breeding Bird Surveys
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Speed (beaufort-low)
Wind Speed (beaufort high)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Counts
Site #
01
6/15/2009
8:52
20
100
Fog
01
6/15/2009
8:52
20
100
Fog
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
01
6/15/2009
8:52
20
100
Fog
Least Flycatcher
Empidonax minimus
01
6/15/2009
8:52
20
100
Fog
Northern Parula
Parula americana
01
6/15/2009
8:52
20
100
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
01
6/15/2009
8:52
20
100
Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
01
6/15/2009
8:52
20
100
Fog
01
6/15/2009
8:52
20
100
Fog
Sphyrapicus varius
01
7/1/2009
6:54
15
100
Fog
Blue-headed Vireo
Vireo solitarius
01
7/1/2009
6:54
15
100
Fog
Least Flycatcher
Empidonax minimus
01
7/1/2009
6:54
15
100
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
01
7/1/2009
6:54
15
100
Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
01
7/1/2009
6:54
15
100
Fog
01
6/7/2011
8:21
NNE
100
Fog
American Robin
Turdus migratorius
01
6/7/2011
8:21
NNE
100
Fog
Dendroica virens
01
6/7/2011
8:21
NNE
100
Fog
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
01
6/7/2011
8:21
NNE
100
Fog
Hairy Woodpecker
Picoides villosus
01
6/7/2011
8:21
NNE
100
Fog
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
01
6/7/2011
8:21
NNE
100
Fog
Least Flycatcher
Empidonax minimus
01
6/7/2011
8:21
NNE
100
Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
01
6/7/2011
8:21
NNE
100
Fog
Sphyrapicus varius
01
6/28/2011
6:43
14-20
NNW
None
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
01
6/28/2011
6:43
14-20
NNW
None
01
6/28/2011
6:43
14-20
NNW
None
Dendroica virens
>100m
50 to 100m
2nd 5 Minutes
>100m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
50 to 100m
1st 5 Minutes
<50m
Appendix F
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
F1

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
01
6/28/2011
6:43
14-20
NNW
None
Hairy Woodpecker
Picoides villosus
01
6/28/2011
6:43
14-20
NNW
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
01
6/28/2011
6:43
14-20
NNW
None
Least Flycatcher
Empidonax minimus
01
6/28/2011
6:43
14-20
NNW
None
Northern Parula
Parula americana
01
6/28/2011
6:43
14-20
NNW
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
01
6/28/2011
6:43
14-20
NNW
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
01
6/28/2011
6:43
14-20
NNW
None
03
6/15/2009
8:19
20
100
Fog
03
6/15/2009
8:19
20
100
Fog
Dendroica virens
03
6/15/2009
8:19
20
100
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
03
6/15/2009
8:19
20
100
Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
03
6/15/2009
8:19
20
100
Fog
03
6/15/2009
8:19
20
100
Fog
Swainson's Thrush
Catharus ustulatus
03
6/15/2009
8:19
20
100
Fog
Winter Wren
03
7/1/2009
7:26
15
100
Fog
03
7/1/2009
7:26
15
100
Fog
Dendroica virens
03
7/1/2009
7:26
15
100
Fog
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
03
7/1/2009
7:26
15
100
Fog
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
03
7/1/2009
7:26
15
100
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
03
7/1/2009
7:26
15
100
Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
03
6/7/2011
8:47
NNE
100
Fog
Dendroica virens
03
6/7/2011
8:47
NNE
100
Fog
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
Counts
1st 5 Minutes
>100m
50 to 100m
>100m
50 to 100m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
2nd 5 Minutes
<50m
Appendix F
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
F2

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
03
6/7/2011
8:47
NNE
100
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
03
6/7/2011
8:47
NNE
100
Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
03
6/7/2011
8:47
NNE
100
Fog
Swainson's Thrush
Catharus ustulatus
03
6/7/2011
8:47
NNE
100
Fog
Dendroica coronata
03
6/28/2011
6:16
14-20
NNW
None
03
6/28/2011
6:16
14-20
NNW
None
Dendroica virens
03
6/28/2011
6:16
14-20
NNW
None
Brown Creeper
Certhia americana
03
6/28/2011
6:16
14-20
NNW
None
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
03
6/28/2011
6:16
14-20
NNW
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
03
6/28/2011
6:16
14-20
NNW
None
Northern Parula
Parula americana
03
6/28/2011
6:16
14-20
NNW
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
03
6/28/2011
6:16
14-20
NNW
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
05
6/15/2009
7:50
14
Fog
05
6/15/2009
7:50
14
Fog
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
05
6/15/2009
7:50
14
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
05
6/15/2009
7:50
14
Fog
Pileated Woodpecker
Dryocopus pileatus
05
6/15/2009
7:50
14
Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
05
6/15/2009
7:50
14
Fog
Winter Wren
05
6/15/2009
7:50
14
Fog
Sphyrapicus varius
05
7/1/2009
7:50
15
100
Fog
05
7/1/2009
7:50
15
100
Fog
Dendroica virens
05
7/1/2009
7:50
15
100
Fog
Brown Creeper
Certhia americana
Counts
2
1
>100m
50 to 100m
2nd 5 Minutes
<50m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
50 to 100m
1st 5 Minutes
>100m
Appendix F
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
F3

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
05
7/1/2009
7:50
15
100
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
05
7/1/2009
7:50
15
100
Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
05
7/1/2009
7:50
15
100
Fog
05
7/1/2009
7:50
15
100
Fog
Sphyrapicus varius
05
6/7/2011
9:15
NNE
100
Fog
American Robin
Turdus migratorius
05
6/7/2011
9:15
NNE
100
Fog
05
6/7/2011
9:15
NNE
100
Fog
Dendroica virens
05
6/7/2011
9:15
NNE
100
Fog
Blue-headed Vireo
Vireo solitarius
05
6/7/2011
9:15
NNE
100
Fog
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
05
6/7/2011
9:15
NNE
100
Fog
Least Flycatcher
Empidonax minimus
05
6/7/2011
9:15
NNE
100
Fog
Northern Parula
Parula americana
05
6/7/2011
9:15
NNE
100
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
05
6/28/2011
5:50
14-20
NNW
None
05
6/28/2011
5:50
14-20
NNW
None
Dendroica virens
05
6/28/2011
5:50
14-20
NNW
None
Downy Woodpecker
Picoides pubescens
05
6/28/2011
5:50
14-20
NNW
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
05
6/28/2011
5:50
14-20
NNW
None
Least Flycatcher
Empidonax minimus
05
6/28/2011
5:50
14-20
NNW
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
05
6/28/2011
5:50
14-20
NNW
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
05
6/28/2011
5:50
14-20
NNW
None
07
6/15/2009
6:51
14
Fog
Alder Flycatcher
Empidonax alnorum
07
6/15/2009
6:51
14
Fog
American Robin
Turdus migratorius
Counts
1
1
>100m
50 to 100m
2nd 5 Minutes
<50m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
50 to 100m
1st 5 Minutes
>100m
Appendix F
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
F4

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
07
6/15/2009
6:51
14
Fog
07
6/15/2009
6:51
14
Fog
07
6/15/2009
6:51
14
Fog
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
07
6/15/2009
6:51
14
Fog
Downy Woodpecker
Picoides pubescens
07
6/15/2009
6:51
14
Fog
Least Flycatcher
Empidonax minimus
07
6/15/2009
6:51
14
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
07
6/15/2009
6:51
14
Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
07
6/15/2009
6:51
14
Fog
07
7/3/2009
6:11
14
SE
30
Light Fog
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
07
7/3/2009
6:11
14
SE
30
Light Fog
07
7/3/2009
6:11
14
SE
30
Light Fog
Dendroica virens
07
7/3/2009
6:11
14
SE
30
Light Fog
Cedar Waxwing
Bombycilla cedrorum
07
7/3/2009
6:11
14
SE
30
Light Fog
07
7/3/2009
6:11
14
SE
30
Light Fog
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
07
7/3/2009
6:11
14
SE
30
Light Fog
07
6/7/2011
6:25
NNE
(blank)
Fog
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
07
6/7/2011
6:25
NNE
(blank)
Fog
American Robin
Turdus migratorius
07
6/7/2011
6:25
NNE
(blank)
Fog
07
6/7/2011
6:25
NNE
(blank)
Fog
Dendroica virens
07
6/7/2011
6:25
NNE
(blank)
Fog
07
6/7/2011
6:25
NNE
(blank)
Fog
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
07
6/7/2011
6:25
NNE
(blank)
Fog
Least Flycatcher
Empidonax minimus
Counts
>100m
50 to 100m
2nd 5 Minutes
<50m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
50 to 100m
1st 5 Minutes
>100m
Appendix F
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
F5

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
07
6/7/2011
6:25
NNE
(blank)
Fog
Mourning Warbler
07
6/7/2011
6:25
NNE
(blank)
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
07
6/7/2011
6:25
NNE
(blank)
Fog
Purple Finch
07
6/7/2011
6:25
NNE
(blank)
Fog
07
6/28/2011
8:30
14-20
NNW
None
Alder Flycatcher
Empidonax alnorum
07
6/28/2011
8:30
14-20
NNW
None
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
07
6/28/2011
8:30
14-20
NNW
None
07
6/28/2011
8:30
14-20
NNW
None
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
07
6/28/2011
8:30
14-20
NNW
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
07
6/28/2011
8:30
14-20
NNW
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
07
6/28/2011
8:30
14-20
NNW
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
07
6/28/2011
8:30
14-20
NNW
None
Sitta carolinensis
07
6/28/2011
8:30
14-20
NNW
None
09
6/16/2009
7:55
15
None
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
09
6/16/2009
7:55
15
None
09
6/16/2009
7:55
15
None
Dendroica virens
09
6/16/2009
7:55
15
None
Blue Jay
Cyanocitta cristata
09
6/16/2009
7:55
15
None
Eastern Wood-Pewee
Contopus virens
09
6/16/2009
7:55
15
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
09
6/16/2009
7:55
15
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
09
7/9/2009
6:05
10
None
09
7/9/2009
6:05
10
None
Dendroica virens
Counts
>100m
50 to 100m
2nd 5 Minutes
<50m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
50 to 100m
1st 5 Minutes
>100m
Appendix F
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
F6

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
09
7/9/2009
6:05
10
None
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
09
7/9/2009
6:05
10
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
09
7/9/2009
6:05
10
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
09
7/9/2009
6:05
10
None
Sitta canadensis
09
7/9/2009
6:05
10
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
09
7/9/2009
6:05
10
None
Sphyrapicus varius
09
6/8/2011
7:48
None
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
09
6/8/2011
7:48
None
09
6/8/2011
7:48
None
Dendroica virens
09
6/8/2011
7:48
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
09
6/8/2011
7:48
None
Purple Finch
09
6/8/2011
7:48
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
09
6/8/2011
7:48
None
Sphyrapicus varius
09
6/29/2011
7:03
14-17
90
None
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
09
6/29/2011
7:03
14-17
90
None
09
6/29/2011
7:03
14-17
90
None
Dendroica virens
09
6/29/2011
7:03
14-17
90
None
Hairy Woodpecker
Picoides villosus
09
6/29/2011
7:03
14-17
90
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
09
6/29/2011
7:03
14-17
90
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
09
6/29/2011
7:03
14-17
90
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
11
6/16/2009
6:45
None
11
6/16/2009
6:45
None
Downy Woodpecker
Picoides pubescens
Counts
1st 5 Minutes
2nd 5 Minutes
>100m
50 to 100m
<50m
>100m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
50 to 100m
Appendix F
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
F7

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
11
6/16/2009
6:45
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
11
6/16/2009
6:45
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
11
7/6/2009
6:16
12
NW
100
Light Fog
11
7/6/2009
6:16
12
NW
100
Light Fog
Dendroica virens
11
7/6/2009
6:16
12
NW
100
Light Fog
Blue-headed Vireo
Vireo solitarius
11
7/6/2009
6:16
12
NW
100
Light Fog
Common Yellowthroat
Geothlypis trichas
11
7/6/2009
6:16
12
NW
100
Light Fog
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
11
7/6/2009
6:16
12
NW
100
Light Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
11
7/6/2009
6:16
12
NW
100
Light Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
11
7/9/2009
7:12
10
None
(blank)
(blank)
11
7/9/2009
7:12
10
None
11
7/9/2009
7:12
10
None
Mourning Warbler
11
7/9/2009
7:12
10
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
11
7/9/2009
7:12
10
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
11
7/9/2009
7:12
10
None
Sphyrapicus varius
11
6/8/2011
6:40
None
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
11
6/8/2011
6:40
None
Dendroica fusca
11
6/8/2011
6:40
None
11
6/8/2011
6:40
None
11
6/8/2011
6:40
None
Dendroica virens
11
6/8/2011
6:40
None
Common Raven
Corvus corax
11
6/8/2011
6:40
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
Counts
>100m
50 to 100m
<50m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
2nd 5 Minutes
>100m
1st 5 Minutes
50 to 100m
Appendix F
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
F8

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
11
6/8/2011
6:40
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
11
6/29/2011
7:55
14-17
90
None
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
11
6/29/2011
7:55
14-17
90
None
11
6/29/2011
7:55
14-17
90
None
Dendroica virens
11
6/29/2011
7:55
14-17
90
None
11
6/29/2011
7:55
14-17
90
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
11
6/29/2011
7:55
14-17
90
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
13
6/16/2009
5:58
None
(blank)
(blank)
13
6/16/2009
5:58
None
Dendroica virens
13
6/16/2009
5:58
None
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
13
6/16/2009
5:58
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
13
6/16/2009
5:58
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
13
6/16/2009
5:58
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
13
6/16/2009
5:58
None
13
7/9/2009
6:50
10
None
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
13
7/9/2009
6:50
10
None
American Robin
Turdus migratorius
13
7/9/2009
6:50
10
None
13
7/9/2009
6:50
10
None
Dendroica virens
13
7/9/2009
6:50
10
None
Hairy Woodpecker
Picoides villosus
13
7/9/2009
6:50
10
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
13
7/9/2009
6:50
10
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
13
7/9/2009
6:50
10
None
Sphyrapicus varius
Counts
1st 5 Minutes
2nd 5 Minutes
>100m
50 to 100m
<50m
>100m
Scientific Name
50 to 100m
Common Name
<50m
Wind Direction
Site #
Survey #
Survey Date
Appendix F
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
F9

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
13
6/8/2011
5:44
None
13
6/8/2011
5:44
None
Dendroica virens
13
6/8/2011
5:44
None
Blue Jay
Cyanocitta cristata
13
6/8/2011
5:44
None
Blue-headed Vireo
Vireo solitarius
13
6/8/2011
5:44
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
13
6/8/2011
5:44
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
13
6/8/2011
5:44
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
13
6/8/2011
5:44
None
13
6/29/2011
8:43
17
90
None
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
13
6/29/2011
8:43
17
90
None
13
6/29/2011
8:43
17
90
None
Dendroica virens
13
6/29/2011
8:43
17
90
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
13
6/29/2011
8:43
17
90
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
15
6/16/2009
7:08
None
American Robin
Turdus migratorius
15
6/16/2009
7:08
None
15
6/16/2009
7:08
None
Dendroica virens
15
6/16/2009
7:08
None
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
15
6/16/2009
7:08
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
15
6/16/2009
7:08
None
Least Flycatcher
Empidonax minimus
15
6/16/2009
7:08
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
15
6/16/2009
7:08
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
15
6/16/2009
7:08
None
Pheucticus ludovicianus
Counts
>100m
50 to 100m
2nd 5 Minutes
>100m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
50 to 100m
1st 5 Minutes
<50m
Appendix F
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
F10

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
15
7/6/2009
5:53
12
NW
100
Light Fog
15
7/6/2009
5:53
12
NW
100
Light Fog
Dendroica virens
15
7/6/2009
5:53
12
NW
100
Light Fog
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
15
7/6/2009
5:53
12
NW
100
Light Fog
Downy Woodpecker
Picoides pubescens
15
7/6/2009
5:53
12
NW
100
Light Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
15
7/6/2009
5:53
12
NW
100
Light Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
15
7/6/2009
5:53
12
NW
100
Light Fog
Sitta carolinensis
15
7/9/2009
7:36
10
None
American Robin
Turdus migratorius
15
7/9/2009
7:36
10
None
15
7/9/2009
7:36
10
None
15
7/9/2009
7:36
10
None
Dendroica virens
15
7/9/2009
7:36
10
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
15
7/9/2009
7:36
10
None
Northern Flicker
Colaptes auratus
15
7/9/2009
7:36
10
None
Northern Parula
Parula americana
15
7/9/2009
7:36
10
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
15
7/9/2009
7:36
10
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
15
7/9/2009
7:36
10
None
Sphyrapicus varius
15
6/8/2011
7:07
None
15
6/8/2011
7:07
None
Dendroica virens
15
6/8/2011
7:07
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
15
6/8/2011
7:07
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
15
6/8/2011
7:07
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
Counts
>100m
50 to 100m
2nd 5 Minutes
<50m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
50 to 100m
1st 5 Minutes
>100m
Appendix F
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
F11

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
15
6/29/2011
7:33
14-17
90
None
Dendroica virens
15
6/29/2011
7:33
14-17
90
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
15
6/29/2011
7:33
14-17
90
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
15
6/29/2011
7:33
14-17
90
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
17
6/16/2009
6:21
None
17
6/16/2009
6:21
None
Dendroica virens
17
6/16/2009
6:21
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
17
6/16/2009
6:21
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
17
6/16/2009
6:21
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
17
6/16/2009
6:21
None
Wilson's Snipe
(blank)
17
6/16/2009
6:21
None
Sphyrapicus varius
17
7/9/2009
6:30
10
None
(blank)
(blank)
17
7/9/2009
6:30
10
None
17
7/9/2009
6:30
10
None
Dendroica virens
17
7/9/2009
6:30
10
None
17
7/9/2009
6:30
10
None
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
17
7/9/2009
6:30
10
None
Downy Woodpecker
Picoides pubescens
17
7/9/2009
6:30
10
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
17
7/9/2009
6:30
10
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
17
7/9/2009
6:30
10
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
17
7/9/2009
6:30
10
None
Sphyrapicus varius
17
6/8/2011
6:12
None
Counts
1st 5 Minutes
>100m
50 to 100m
<50m
50 to 100m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
2nd 5 Minutes
>100m
Appendix F
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
F12

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
17
6/8/2011
6:12
None
Dendroica virens
17
6/8/2011
6:12
None
17
6/8/2011
6:12
None
Hairy Woodpecker
Picoides villosus
17
6/8/2011
6:12
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
17
6/8/2011
6:12
None
Northern Flicker
Colaptes auratus
17
6/8/2011
6:12
None
Northern Parula
Parula americana
17
6/8/2011
6:12
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
17
6/8/2011
6:12
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
17
6/29/2011
8:20
17
90
None
(blank)
(blank)
17
6/29/2011
8:20
17
90
None
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
17
6/29/2011
8:20
17
90
None
Dendroica virens
17
6/29/2011
8:20
17
90
None
Northern Parula
Parula americana
17
6/29/2011
8:20
17
90
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
17
6/29/2011
8:20
17
90
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
19
6/18/2009
5:44
10
None
19
6/18/2009
5:44
10
None
Brown Creeper
Certhia americana
19
6/18/2009
5:44
10
None
Cedar Waxwing
Bombycilla cedrorum
19
6/18/2009
5:44
10
None
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
19
6/18/2009
5:44
10
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
19
6/18/2009
5:44
10
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
19
6/18/2009
5:44
10
None
Swainson's Thrush
Catharus ustulatus
19
6/18/2009
5:44
10
None
Winter Wren
Counts
1st 5 Minutes
>100m
50 to 100m
>100m
50 to 100m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
2nd 5 Minutes
<50m
Appendix F
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
F13

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
19
7/8/2009
7:37
13
20
None
Dendroica fusca
19
7/8/2009
7:37
13
20
None
19
7/8/2009
7:37
13
20
None
Dendroica virens
19
7/8/2009
7:37
13
20
None
Common Raven
Corvus corax
19
7/8/2009
7:37
13
20
None
Downy Woodpecker
Picoides pubescens
19
7/8/2009
7:37
13
20
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
19
7/8/2009
7:37
13
20
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
19
7/8/2009
7:37
13
20
None
Ruffed Grouse
Bonasa umbellus
19
7/8/2009
7:37
13
20
None
Sphyrapicus varius
19
6/11/2011
7:44
5-8
NNE
None
Dendroica fusca
19
6/11/2011
7:44
5-8
NNE
None
19
6/11/2011
7:44
5-8
NNE
None
Dendroica virens
19
6/11/2011
7:44
5-8
NNE
None
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
19
6/11/2011
7:44
5-8
NNE
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
19
6/11/2011
7:44
5-8
NNE
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
19
6/11/2011
7:44
5-8
NNE
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
19
6/11/2011
7:44
5-8
NNE
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
19
6/11/2011
7:44
5-8
NNE
None
Sphyrapicus varius
19
7/2/2011
6:05
15
SE
100
Fog
American Robin
Turdus migratorius
19
7/2/2011
6:05
15
SE
100
Fog
19
7/2/2011
6:05
15
SE
100
Fog
Dendroica virens
19
7/2/2011
6:05
15
SE
100
Fog
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
Counts
1st 5 Minutes
2nd 5 Minutes
>100m
50 to 100m
<50m
>100m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
50 to 100m
Appendix F
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
F14

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
19
7/2/2011
6:05
15
SE
100
Fog
Downy Woodpecker
Picoides pubescens
19
7/2/2011
6:05
15
SE
100
Fog
Hairy Woodpecker
Picoides villosus
19
7/2/2011
6:05
15
SE
100
Fog
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
19
7/2/2011
6:05
15
SE
100
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
19
7/2/2011
6:05
15
SE
100
Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
21
6/18/2009
6:47
10
None
21
6/18/2009
6:47
10
None
Dendroica virens
21
6/18/2009
6:47
10
None
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
21
6/18/2009
6:47
10
None
Downy Woodpecker
Picoides pubescens
21
6/18/2009
6:47
10
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
21
6/18/2009
6:47
10
None
Least Flycatcher
Empidonax minimus
21
6/18/2009
6:47
10
None
Northern Parula
Parula americana
21
6/18/2009
6:47
10
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
21
6/18/2009
6:47
10
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
21
7/8/2009
6:41
13
20
None
21
7/8/2009
6:41
13
20
None
Dendroica virens
21
7/8/2009
6:41
13
20
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
21
7/8/2009
6:41
13
20
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
21
7/8/2009
6:41
13
20
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
21
7/8/2009
6:41
13
20
None
Sphyrapicus varius
21
6/11/2011
6:45
5-8
NNW
None
21
6/11/2011
6:45
5-8
NNW
None
Dendroica virens
Counts
50 to 100m
<50m
2nd 5 Minutes
>100m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
50 to 100m
1st 5 Minutes
>100m
Appendix F
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
F15

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
21
6/11/2011
6:45
5-8
NNW
None
Mourning Warbler
21
6/11/2011
6:45
5-8
NNW
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
21
6/11/2011
6:45
5-8
NNW
None
Purple Finch
21
6/11/2011
6:45
5-8
NNW
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
21
7/2/2011
6:50
15
SE
100
Fog
21
7/2/2011
6:50
15
SE
100
Fog
Dendroica virens
21
7/2/2011
6:50
15
SE
100
Fog
Chimney Swift*
Chaetura pelagica
21
7/2/2011
6:50
15
SE
100
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
21
7/2/2011
6:50
15
SE
100
Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
23
6/18/2009
7:14
10
None
Dendroica virens
23
6/18/2009
7:14
10
None
Blue-headed Vireo
Vireo solitarius
23
6/18/2009
7:14
10
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
23
6/18/2009
7:14
10
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
23
6/18/2009
7:14
10
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
23
7/8/2009
6:17
13
20
None
American Robin
Turdus migratorius
23
7/8/2009
6:17
13
20
None
23
7/8/2009
6:17
13
20
None
Dendroica virens
23
7/8/2009
6:17
13
20
None
Common Raven
Corvus corax
23
7/8/2009
6:17
13
20
None
Downy Woodpecker
Picoides pubescens
23
7/8/2009
6:17
13
20
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
23
7/8/2009
6:17
13
20
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
23
7/8/2009
6:17
13
20
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
Counts
>100m
50 to 100m
2nd 5 Minutes
>100m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
50 to 100m
1st 5 Minutes
<50m
Appendix F
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
F16

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
23
7/8/2009
6:17
13
20
None
23
7/8/2009
6:17
13
20
None
Sphyrapicus varius
23
6/11/2011
6:20
5-8
NNW
None
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
23
6/11/2011
6:20
5-8
NNW
None
American Robin
Turdus migratorius
23
6/11/2011
6:20
5-8
NNW
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
23
6/11/2011
6:20
5-8
NNW
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
23
7/2/2011
7:12
15
SE
100
Fog
23
7/2/2011
7:12
15
SE
100
Fog
Dendroica virens
23
7/2/2011
7:12
15
SE
100
Fog
Brown Creeper
Certhia americana
23
7/2/2011
7:12
15
SE
100
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
23
7/2/2011
7:12
15
SE
100
Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
25
6/18/2009
7:40
10
None
25
6/18/2009
7:40
10
None
Dendroica virens
25
6/18/2009
7:40
10
None
Blue-headed Vireo
Vireo solitarius
25
6/18/2009
7:40
10
None
Northern Parula
Parula americana
25
6/18/2009
7:40
10
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
25
6/18/2009
7:40
10
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
25
6/18/2009
7:40
10
None
Swainson's Thrush
Catharus ustulatus
25
6/18/2009
7:40
10
None
Sitta carolinensis
25
7/8/2009
5:55
13
20
None
25
7/8/2009
5:55
13
20
None
Dendroica virens
25
7/8/2009
5:55
13
20
None
Common Raven
Corvus corax
Counts
>100m
50 to 100m
2nd 5 Minutes
<50m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
50 to 100m
1st 5 Minutes
>100m
Appendix F
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
F17

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
25
7/8/2009
5:55
13
20
None
Downy Woodpecker
Picoides pubescens
25
7/8/2009
5:55
13
20
None
Eastern Wood-Pewee
Contopus virens
25
7/8/2009
5:55
13
20
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
25
7/8/2009
5:55
13
20
None
Mourning Warbler
25
7/8/2009
5:55
13
20
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
25
7/8/2009
5:55
13
20
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
25
7/8/2009
5:55
13
20
None
Sphyrapicus varius
25
6/11/2011
5:55
5-8
NNW
None
25
6/11/2011
5:55
5-8
NNW
None
Dendroica virens
25
6/11/2011
5:55
5-8
NNW
None
25
6/11/2011
5:55
5-8
NNW
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
25
6/11/2011
5:55
5-8
NNW
None
Northern Parula
Parula americana
25
6/11/2011
5:55
5-8
NNW
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
25
6/11/2011
5:55
5-8
NNW
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
25
6/11/2011
5:55
5-8
NNW
None
Sphyrapicus varius
25
7/2/2011
7:37
15
SE
100
Fog
25
7/2/2011
7:37
15
SE
100
Fog
Dendroica virens
25
7/2/2011
7:37
15
SE
100
Fog
25
7/2/2011
7:37
15
SE
100
Fog
Hairy Woodpecker
Picoides villosus
25
7/2/2011
7:37
15
SE
100
Fog
Mourning Warbler
25
7/2/2011
7:37
15
SE
100
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
25
7/2/2011
7:37
15
SE
100
Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
Counts
50 to 100m
<50m
2nd 5 Minutes
>100m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
50 to 100m
1st 5 Minutes
>100m
Appendix F
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
F18

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
25
7/2/2011
7:37
15
SE
100
Fog
Sitta carolinensis
27
6/18/2009
6:17
10
None
Dendroica fusca
27
6/18/2009
6:17
10
None
Dendroica virens
27
6/18/2009
6:17
10
None
Brown Creeper
Certhia americana
27
6/18/2009
6:17
10
None
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
27
6/18/2009
6:17
10
None
Regulus satrapa
27
6/18/2009
6:17
10
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
27
6/18/2009
6:17
10
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
27
6/18/2009
6:17
10
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
27
6/18/2009
6:17
10
None
Dendroica coronata
27
7/8/2009
7:10
13
20
None
Dendroica fusca
27
7/8/2009
7:10
13
20
None
27
7/8/2009
7:10
13
20
None
Regulus satrapa
27
7/8/2009
7:10
13
20
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
27
7/8/2009
7:10
13
20
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
27
7/8/2009
7:10
13
20
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
27
7/8/2009
7:10
13
20
None
Sitta carolinensis
27
6/11/2011
7:14
5-8
NNW
None
Dendroica fusca
27
6/11/2011
7:14
5-8
NNW
None
Dendroica virens
27
6/11/2011
7:14
5-8
NNW
None
Regulus satrapa
27
6/11/2011
7:14
5-8
NNW
None
Northern Parula
Parula americana
27
6/11/2011
7:14
5-8
NNW
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
Counts
>100m
50 to 100m
<50m
<50m
Scientific Name
2nd 5 Minutes
>100m
Common Name
50 to 100m
1st 5 Minutes
Precipitation
Site #
Survey #
Survey Date
Appendix F
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
F19

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
27
7/2/2011
6:27
15
SE
100
Fog
27
7/2/2011
6:27
15
SE
100
Fog
Dendroica virens
27
7/2/2011
6:27
15
SE
100
Fog
Regulus satrapa
27
7/2/2011
6:27
15
SE
100
Fog
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
27
7/2/2011
6:27
15
SE
100
Fog
Northern Parula
Parula americana
27
7/2/2011
6:27
15
SE
100
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
27
7/2/2011
6:27
15
SE
100
Fog
Dendroica coronata
28
6/16/2009
8:11
15
None
28
6/16/2009
8:11
15
None
Dendroica virens
28
6/16/2009
8:11
15
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
28
6/16/2009
8:11
15
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
28
7/4/2009
6:39
14
SE
100
Fog
28
7/4/2009
6:39
14
SE
100
Fog
Dendroica virens
28
7/4/2009
6:39
14
SE
100
Fog
Blue-headed Vireo
Vireo solitarius
28
7/4/2009
6:39
14
SE
100
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
28
7/4/2009
6:39
14
SE
100
Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
28
7/4/2009
6:39
14
SE
100
Fog
Sphyrapicus varius
28
6/8/2011
8:15
None
28
6/8/2011
8:15
None
Dendroica virens
28
6/8/2011
8:15
None
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
28
6/8/2011
8:15
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
28
6/8/2011
8:15
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
Counts
>100m
50 to 100m
2nd 5 Minutes
>100m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
50 to 100m
1st 5 Minutes
<50m
Appendix F
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
F20

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
28
6/29/2011
6:44
14-17
90
None
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
28
6/29/2011
6:44
14-17
90
None
28
6/29/2011
6:44
14-17
90
None
Dendroica virens
28
6/29/2011
6:44
14-17
90
None
Hairy Woodpecker
Picoides villosus
28
6/29/2011
6:44
14-17
90
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
28
6/29/2011
6:44
14-17
90
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
28
6/29/2011
6:44
14-17
90
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
29
6/16/2009
8:35
15
None
29
6/16/2009
8:35
15
None
Dendroica virens
29
6/16/2009
8:35
15
None
Mourning Warbler
29
6/16/2009
8:35
15
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
29
6/16/2009
8:35
15
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
29
7/4/2009
6:11
14
SE
100
Fog
29
7/4/2009
6:11
14
SE
100
Fog
Eastern Wood-Pewee
Contopus virens
29
7/4/2009
6:11
14
SE
100
Fog
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
29
7/4/2009
6:11
14
SE
100
Fog
Northern Parula
Parula americana
29
7/4/2009
6:11
14
SE
100
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
29
7/4/2009
6:11
14
SE
100
Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
29
6/8/2011
8:36
None
29
6/8/2011
8:36
None
Dendroica virens
29
6/8/2011
8:36
None
Brown Creeper
Certhia americana
29
6/8/2011
8:36
None
Mourning Warbler
Counts
1st 5 Minutes
2nd 5 Minutes
>100m
50 to 100m
<50m
>100m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
50 to 100m
Appendix F
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
F21

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
29
6/8/2011
8:36
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
29
6/8/2011
8:36
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
29
6/29/2011
6:25
14-17
90
None
29
6/29/2011
6:25
14-17
90
None
Dendroica virens
29
6/29/2011
6:25
14-17
90
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
29
6/29/2011
6:25
14-17
90
None
Least Flycatcher
Empidonax minimus
29
6/29/2011
6:25
14-17
90
None
Mourning Warbler
29
6/29/2011
6:25
14-17
90
None
Northern Parula
Parula americana
29
6/29/2011
6:25
14-17
90
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
29
6/29/2011
6:25
14-17
90
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
32
6/15/2009
10:04
20
100
Fog
American Robin
Turdus migratorius
32
6/15/2009
10:04
20
100
Fog
32
6/15/2009
10:04
20
100
Fog
Dendroica virens
32
6/15/2009
10:04
20
100
Fog
32
6/15/2009
10:04
20
100
Fog
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
32
6/15/2009
10:04
20
100
Fog
Eastern Wood-Pewee
Contopus virens
32
6/15/2009
10:04
20
100
Fog
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
32
6/15/2009
10:04
20
100
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
32
6/15/2009
10:04
20
100
Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
32
6/15/2009
10:04
20
100
Fog
Ruby-crowned Kinglet
Regulus calendula
32
6/15/2009
10:04
20
100
Fog
32
6/15/2009
10:04
20
100
Fog
Sphyrapicus varius
Counts
>100m
50 to 100m
2nd 5 Minutes
<50m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
50 to 100m
1st 5 Minutes
>100m
Appendix F
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
F22

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
32
7/1/2009
6:06
15
100
Fog
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
32
7/1/2009
6:06
15
100
Fog
Dendroica fusca
32
7/1/2009
6:06
15
100
Fog
32
7/1/2009
6:06
15
100
Fog
Dendroica virens
32
7/1/2009
6:06
15
100
Fog
32
7/1/2009
6:06
15
100
Fog
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
32
7/1/2009
6:06
15
100
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
32
7/1/2009
6:06
15
100
Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
32
7/1/2009
6:06
15
100
Fog
32
7/1/2009
6:06
15
100
Fog
Sphyrapicus varius
32
6/7/2011
5:55
NNE
Fog
Alder Flycatcher
Empidonax alnorum
32
6/7/2011
5:55
NNE
Fog
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
32
6/7/2011
5:55
NNE
Fog
32
6/7/2011
5:55
NNE
Fog
Dendroica virens
32
6/7/2011
5:55
NNE
Fog
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
32
6/7/2011
5:55
NNE
Fog
Mourning Warbler
32
6/7/2011
5:55
NNE
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
32
6/7/2011
5:55
NNE
Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
32
6/7/2011
5:55
NNE
Fog
32
6/28/2011
8:55
14-20
NNW
None
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
32
6/28/2011
8:55
14-20
NNW
None
American Robin
Turdus migratorius
32
6/28/2011
8:55
14-20
NNW
None
Mniotilta varia
Counts
50 to 100m
<50m
2nd 5 Minutes
>100m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
50 to 100m
1st 5 Minutes
>100m
Appendix F
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
F23

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
32
6/28/2011
8:55
14-20
NNW
None
32
6/28/2011
8:55
14-20
NNW
None
Dendroica virens
32
6/28/2011
8:55
14-20
NNW
None
32
6/28/2011
8:55
14-20
NNW
None
Least Flycatcher
Empidonax minimus
32
6/28/2011
8:55
14-20
NNW
None
Mourning Warbler
32
6/28/2011
8:55
14-20
NNW
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
32
6/28/2011
8:55
14-20
NNW
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
32
6/28/2011
8:55
14-20
NNW
None
33
6/15/2009
6:23
14
Fog
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
33
6/15/2009
6:23
14
Fog
33
6/15/2009
6:23
14
Fog
Cedar Waxwing
Bombycilla cedrorum
33
6/15/2009
6:23
14
Fog
33
6/15/2009
6:23
14
Fog
Eastern Wood-Pewee
Contopus virens
33
6/15/2009
6:23
14
Fog
Mourning Warbler
33
6/15/2009
6:23
14
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
33
6/15/2009
6:23
14
Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
33
6/15/2009
6:23
14
Fog
33
7/3/2009
6:35
14
SE
30
Light Fog
33
7/3/2009
6:35
14
SE
30
Light Fog
Dendroica virens
33
7/3/2009
6:35
14
SE
30
Light Fog
33
7/3/2009
6:35
14
SE
30
Light Fog
Common Yellowthroat
Geothlypis trichas
33
7/3/2009
6:35
14
SE
30
Light Fog
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
Counts
>100m
50 to 100m
2nd 5 Minutes
<50m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
50 to 100m
1st 5 Minutes
>100m
Appendix F
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
F24

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
33
7/3/2009
6:35
14
SE
30
Light Fog
Eastern Wood-Pewee
Contopus virens
33
7/3/2009
6:35
14
SE
30
Light Fog
Least Flycatcher
Empidonax minimus
33
7/3/2009
6:35
14
SE
30
Light Fog
Mourning Warbler
33
7/3/2009
6:35
14
SE
30
Light Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
33
7/3/2009
6:35
14
SE
30
Light Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
33
7/3/2009
6:35
14
SE
30
Light Fog
33
6/7/2011
6:55
NNE
Fog
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
33
6/7/2011
6:55
NNE
Fog
33
6/7/2011
6:55
NNE
Fog
Mourning Warbler
33
6/7/2011
6:55
NNE
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
33
6/7/2011
6:55
NNE
Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
33
6/7/2011
6:55
NNE
Fog
33
6/28/2011
8:03
14-20
None
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
33
6/28/2011
8:03
14-20
None
American Robin
Turdus migratorius
33
6/28/2011
8:03
14-20
None
33
6/28/2011
8:03
14-20
None
33
6/28/2011
8:03
14-20
None
Common Yellowthroat
Geothlypis trichas
33
6/28/2011
8:03
14-20
None
Downy Woodpecker
Picoides pubescens
33
6/28/2011
8:03
14-20
None
Least Flycatcher
Empidonax minimus
33
6/28/2011
8:03
14-20
None
Mourning Warbler
33
6/28/2011
8:03
14-20
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
33
6/28/2011
8:03
14-20
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
Counts
1st 5 Minutes
>100m
50 to 100m
<50m
50 to 100m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
2nd 5 Minutes
>100m
Appendix F
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
F25

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
33
6/28/2011
8:03
14-20
None
34
6/15/2009
7:20
14
Fog
Alder Flycatcher
Empidonax alnorum
34
6/15/2009
7:20
14
Fog
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
34
6/15/2009
7:20
14
Fog
American Robin
Turdus migratorius
34
6/15/2009
7:20
14
Fog
Blue-headed Vireo
Vireo solitarius
34
6/15/2009
7:20
14
Fog
Common Yellowthroat
Geothlypis trichas
34
6/15/2009
7:20
14
Fog
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
34
6/15/2009
7:20
14
Fog
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
34
6/15/2009
7:20
14
Fog
Mourning Warbler
34
6/15/2009
7:20
14
Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
34
6/15/2009
7:20
14
Fog
34
6/15/2009
7:20
14
Fog
Sphyrapicus varius
34
7/3/2009
5:45
14
SE
30
Light Fog
Alder Flycatcher
Empidonax alnorum
34
7/3/2009
5:45
14
SE
30
Light Fog
Dendroica virens
34
7/3/2009
5:45
14
SE
30
Light Fog
Cedar Waxwing
Bombycilla cedrorum
34
7/3/2009
5:45
14
SE
30
Light Fog
34
7/3/2009
5:45
14
SE
30
Light Fog
Common Yellowthroat
Geothlypis trichas
34
7/3/2009
5:45
14
SE
30
Light Fog
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
34
7/3/2009
5:45
14
SE
30
Light Fog
Lincoln's Sparrow
Melospiza lincolnii
34
7/3/2009
5:45
14
SE
30
Light Fog
Mourning Warbler
34
7/3/2009
5:45
14
SE
30
Light Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
34
7/3/2009
5:45
14
SE
30
Light Fog
Counts
>100m
50 to 100m
2nd 5 Minutes
<50m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
50 to 100m
1st 5 Minutes
>100m
Appendix F
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
F26

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
34
7/3/2009
5:45
14
SE
30
Light Fog
Sphyrapicus varius
34
6/7/2011
7:25
NNE
Fog
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
34
6/7/2011
7:25
NNE
Fog
American Robin
Turdus migratorius
34
6/7/2011
7:25
NNE
Fog
Common Yellowthroat
Geothlypis trichas
34
6/7/2011
7:25
NNE
Fog
Lincoln's Sparrow
Melospiza lincolnii
34
6/7/2011
7:25
NNE
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
34
6/7/2011
7:25
NNE
Fog
34
6/28/2011
7:35
14-20
NNW
None
Alder Flycatcher
Empidonax alnorum
34
6/28/2011
7:35
14-20
NNW
None
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
34
6/28/2011
7:35
14-20
NNW
None
Dendroica virens
34
6/28/2011
7:35
14-20
NNW
None
34
6/28/2011
7:35
14-20
NNW
None
Common Yellowthroat
Geothlypis trichas
34
6/28/2011
7:35
14-20
NNW
None
Lincoln's Sparrow
Melospiza lincolnii
34
6/28/2011
7:35
14-20
NNW
None
Mourning Warbler
34
6/28/2011
7:35
14-20
NNW
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
34
6/28/2011
7:35
14-20
NNW
None
Song Sparrow
Melospiza melodia
34
6/28/2011
7:35
14-20
NNW
None
35
6/15/2009
9:21
20
100
Fog
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
35
6/15/2009
9:21
20
100
Fog
American Robin
Turdus migratorius
35
6/15/2009
9:21
20
100
Fog
35
6/15/2009
9:21
20
100
Fog
Common Yellowthroat
Geothlypis trichas
35
6/15/2009
9:21
20
100
Fog
Eastern Wood-Pewee
Contopus virens
Counts
>100m
50 to 100m
2nd 5 Minutes
>100m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
50 to 100m
1st 5 Minutes
<50m
Appendix F
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
F27

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
35
6/15/2009
9:21
20
100
Fog
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
35
6/15/2009
9:21
20
100
Fog
Least Flycatcher
Empidonax minimus
35
6/15/2009
9:21
20
100
Fog
Mourning Warbler
35
6/15/2009
9:21
20
100
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
35
6/15/2009
9:21
20
100
Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
35
6/15/2009
9:21
20
100
Fog
35
7/1/2009
6:37
15
100
Fog
35
7/1/2009
6:37
15
100
Fog
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
35
7/1/2009
6:37
15
100
Fog
Mourning Warbler
35
7/1/2009
6:37
15
100
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
35
7/1/2009
6:37
15
100
Fog
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
35
7/1/2009
6:37
15
100
Fog
35
6/7/2011
7:52
NNE
Fog
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
35
6/7/2011
7:52
NNE
Fog
Blue-headed Vireo
Vireo solitarius
35
6/7/2011
7:52
NNE
Fog
35
6/7/2011
7:52
NNE
Fog
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
35
6/7/2011
7:52
NNE
Fog
Least Flycatcher
Empidonax minimus
35
6/7/2011
7:52
NNE
Fog
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
35
6/7/2011
7:52
NNE
Fog
35
6/28/2011
7:08
14-20
NNW
None
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
35
6/28/2011
7:08
14-20
NNW
None
American Robin
Turdus migratorius
35
6/28/2011
7:08
14-20
NNW
None
Counts
1st 5 Minutes
>100m
50 to 100m
<50m
50 to 100m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
2nd 5 Minutes
>100m
Appendix F
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
F28

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Survey Date
Survey #
Survey Start
Temp. (C)
Wind Direction
Cloud Cover (%)
Precipitation
Site #
35
6/28/2011
7:08
14-20
NNW
None
Common Yellowthroat
Geothlypis trichas
35
6/28/2011
7:08
14-20
NNW
None
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
35
6/28/2011
7:08
14-20
NNW
None
Least Flycatcher
Empidonax minimus
35
6/28/2011
7:08
14-20
NNW
None
Mourning Warbler
35
6/28/2011
7:08
14-20
NNW
None
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
35
6/28/2011
7:08
14-20
NNW
None
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
35
6/28/2011
7:08
14-20
NNW
None
Counts
>100m
50 to 100m
2nd 5 Minutes
<50m
Scientific Name
<50m
Common Name
50 to 100m
1st 5 Minutes
>100m
Appendix F
1
1
1
1
* flyover
F29
APPENDIX G
Breeding Bird Summary of Species by Point Count Location

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Appendix G Breeding Bird Summary of Species by Point Count Location

Distance to
Turbine (m)
150
160
160
170
210
210
230
240
330
350
380
400
410
440
520
560
580
620
710
770
Site No:
34
21
27
25
19
32
35
33
15
23
17
11
29
28
13
Bird Species Common Name
Year
2009
2009
2011
Downy Woodpecker
2009
2011
Hairy Woodpecker
2009
Alder Flycatcher
2009
2011
2009
3
1
2
1
1
1
2009
2009
2009
2
3
2
1
13
1
4
1
41
42
1
2
1
1
1
2
2011
Winter Wren
2009
2009
2011
Swainson's Thrush
2009
Hermit Thrush
2009
1
1
1
1
2011
2009
Northern Parula
2009
1
2011
4
4
2
7
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2009
1
1
Cedar Waxwing
2011
1
1
2011
2009
2009
2011
American Robin
5
6
2011
2
1
2011
2009
2009
Blue Jay
2011
Brown Creeper
2011
2009
13
Eastern Wood-Pewee
Red-eyed Vireo
2009
1
Blue-headed Vireo
1
1
2011
Least Flycatcher
Total
count
7
9
12
G1

Appendices
March 6, 2012
Appendix G Breeding Bird Summary of Species by Point Count Location

Distance to
Turbine (m)
150
160
160
170
210
210
230
240
330
350
380
400
410
440
520
560
580
620
710
770
Site No:
34
21
27
25
19
32
35
33
15
23
17
11
29
28
13
Total
count
33
28
Bird Species Common Name
Year
2009
2011
2009
2011
2009
2011
2
1
1
1
1
2
2009
2011
American Redstart
2009
2011
22
29
2009
2011
Common Yellowthroat
2011
Mourning Warbler
Ovenbird
18
49
45
2011
2009
2011
10
2009
1
1
Song Sparrow
2011
Lincoln's Sparrow
2009
2011
2009
2011
2009
Dark-eyed Junco
1
1
1
2011
2009
Purple Finch
2011
Grand Total
11
1
1
31
23
1
26
32
33
29
31
34
1
1
36
25
12
30
3
27
25
21
24
22
24
27
24
25
G2
549

Kent Hills TransAlta 2011 NB Bird Bat Monitoring Report

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Kent Hills TransAlta 2011 NB Bird Bat Monitoring Report

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Kent Hills Wind Farm Expansion

2011 Post-Construction Monitoring

KENT HILLS WIND FARM EXPANSION 2011 POST-CONSTRUCTION MONITORING PROGRAM

KENT HILLS WIND FARM EXPANSION 2011 POST-CONSTRUCTION MONITORING PROGRAM

KENT HILLS WIND FARM EXPANSION 2011 POST-CONSTRUCTION MONITORING PROGRAM

KENT HILLS WIND FARM EXPANSION 2011 POST-CONSTRUCTION MONITORING PROGRAM

KENT HILLS WIND FARM EXPANSION 2011 POST-CONSTRUCTION MONITORING PROGRAM

1.0 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................1.1

KENT HILLS WIND FARM EXPANSION 2011 POST-CONSTRUCTION MONITORING PROGRAM

5.2 PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS ....................................................................................5.1

Project Location .......................................................................................... 1.3

Carcass Condition Categories ..................................................................... 2.2

KENT HILLS WIND FARM EXPANSION 2011 POST-CONSTRUCTION MONITORING PROGRAM

Location and Habitat

KENT HILLS WIND FARM EXPANSION 2011 POST-CONSTRUCTION MONITORING PROGRAM

Based on a review of available information, including consultation with government agencies,

Initial Phase Turbine

Kent Hills Wind Farm Expansion

KENT HILLS WIND FARM EXPANSION 2011 POST-CONSTRUCTION MONITORING PROGRAM

KENT HILLS WIND FARM EXPANSION 2011 POST-CONSTRUCTION MONITORING PROGRAM

KENT HILLS WIND FARM EXPANSION 2011 POST-CONSTRUCTION MONITORING PROGRAM

Carcass Condition Categories

C = (c / (Se x Sc x Ps)) x (K/n),

Forestry data last updated in 2003.

Older Hardwood Forest

Expansion Turbine Alternate Searched

Expansion Turbine Searched

Breeding Bird Point Counts

KENT HILLS WIND FARM EXPANSION 2011 POST-CONSTRUCTION MONITORING PROGRAM

KENT HILLS WIND FARM EXPANSION 2011 POST-CONSTRUCTION MONITORING PROGRAM

Searcher Efficiency Trials

KENT HILLS WIND FARM EXPANSION 2011 POST-CONSTRUCTION MONITORING PROGRAM

Carcass type (native bird, quail chick, rat, or bat);

Location description; and,

Confirmation of whether carcass was located, overlooked or scavenged.

number of test carcasses found

Seo = Se1(n1/T) + Se2(n2/T) + Se3(n3/T) + Se...(n.../T)...

is the overall searcher efficiency;

Se1 and 2 and 3...

are individual searcher efficiency ratings;

n1 and 2 and 3...

are number of turbines searched by each search team; and

is the total number of turbines searched by all searchers.

Scavenger Impact Trials

KENT HILLS WIND FARM EXPANSION 2011 POST-CONSTRUCTION MONITORING PROGRAM

Date scavenger impact trial carcass was placed;

UTM coordinates and closest turbine number; and,

Description of carcass location.

An indication of whether the carcass had been scavenged or not-scavenged; and,

Condition of the carcass.

nvisit1 + nvisit2 + nvisit3 + nvisit4 + nvisit5 ++ nvisit7

is the proportion of carcasses not removed by scavengers over the

is the total number of carcasses placed

is the numbers of carcasses remaining on visits 1 through 7

KENT HILLS WIND FARM EXPANSION 2011 POST-CONSTRUCTION MONITORING PROGRAM

Breeding Bird Surveys

Density (# territories/ha) = sum of all territories counted within 100 m x 0.3183a

KENT HILLS WIND FARM EXPANSION 2011 POST-CONSTRUCTION MONITORING PROGRAM

KENT HILLS WIND FARM EXPANSION 2011 POST-CONSTRUCTION MONITORING PROGRAM

KENT HILLS WIND FARM EXPANSION 2011 POST-CONSTRUCTION MONITORING PROGRAM

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Searcher Efficiency Trials

KENT HILLS WIND FARM EXPANSION 2011 POST-CONSTRUCTION MONITORING PROGRAM

Scavenger Impact Trials