Chapter 8 Learn Smart: Chapter 8 Microbial Metabolism

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53. During denaturation, which happens first to

proteins?:LOSE 3D SHAPE

23.

64. Which of the following does not require oxygen for the
function of the ETS?:AEROTOLERANT ANEROBIC, FACULATIVE
ANAEROBIC MICROBES
"Anabolism" is also termed which of the
following?:BIOSYNTHESIS

24.

Anaerobic respiration implies that ________ OXYGEN is NOT

used as a final electron acceptor.:MOLECULAR OXYGEN

25.

_ _ _ and _ _ _ are coenzymes derived from B vitamins.:FAD

and NAD

26.

A(n) _______ is a biological catalyst.:ENZYMES

27.

________ are subatomic particles which carry a negative

charge.:ELECTRONS

8.

ATP has __ phosphate groups, (number):3

9.

_____-CoA feeds directly into the Krebs cycle.:Acetly

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28.

The combination of all reactions (catabolic and anabolic)

within a cell is termed ______.:METABOLISM

29.

A complex organic molecule, often derived from vitamins,

that acts in conjunction with an enzyme is known as a(n)
_______.:COFACTOR

30.

During aerobic respiration of one molecule of glucose, 34

ATP are generated by ________ phosphorylation in the
Electron Transport System.:OXIDATIVE
During catabolic reactions, energy that is released is stored
in cells as _ _ _.:ATP

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During cellular metabolism, energy is either conserved as

ATP _______________.:or lost as heat.
The electron transport chain is located in the __________
__________ membrane of eukaryotic cells and the ________
membrane of bacteria.:INNER MITROCONDRIAL, PLASMA

34.

35.

The electron transport machinery is found in the same

locations for eukaryotes and prokaryotes. (The ETS is found
embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondria or
eukaryotes while the ETS is found embedded in the cell
membrane of prokaryotes). TRUE or FALSE:FALSE

36.

An electron transport system and chemiosmosis are used to

produce ATP in nonphotosynthetic microorganisms via
_______ phosphorylation.:OXIDATIVE

38.

_____ (Element) is added to NAD to reduce it.:HYDROGEN

39.

Enzyme induction is genetically controlled. TRUE or

FALSE:TRUE

40.

Enzyme _________ is a type of control on enzyme synthesis

where enzymes are made only when suitable substrates are
present.:INDUCTION

37.

41.

Enzyme-substrate interactions are sometimes referred to as

"___ and ____" interaction.:"lock and key"

42.

Ethanol is the only alcohol produced during alcoholic

formation. (Other alcohols, including isoprolanol and
butanol, can be produced). TRUE or FALSE:FALSE

43.

44.

The following are methods of lowering activation energy in

biological systems from most to least effective::1st
INCREASING ENZYME CONCENTRATION, 2nd INCREASING
SUBSTRATE CONCENTRACTION, 3rd INCREASING THERMAL
ENERGY VIA HEAT.
The following macromolecules can commonly act as a
catalyst?:PROTIEN
The following represent cofactors.:Metal ions, Small organic
molecules, Coenzymes.
How many ATP molecules are produced by oxidative
phosphorylation for each glucose that enters glycolysis?:34
Identify any conditions which could affect enzyme
function/denaturation::Ph, Temperature, Water
concentration, Salinity
Identify the locations where proteins can enter catabolic
cellular respiration.:GLYCOLYSIS, KREBS CYCLE
Identify two different fermentation pathways: _______
_______, ______ ______.:ACIDS formation, ALCOHOLS formation
Identify two different fermentation pathways.:ACID
formation and ALCOHOLS formation
In a redox reaction, one compound is _____ and another
compound is _____.:REDUCES, OXIDIZED
___________ includes both catabolic and anabolic
reactions:METABOLISM
The incomplete breakdown of glucose in the absence of
oxygen that yields only a small amount of ATP and
produces a variety of byproducts is a process called
___________.:FERMENTATION
The inhibition of enzymes synthesis by end product of a
catabolic pathway occurs in enzyme ______.:REPRESSION
In ____,______ phosphorylation, phosphate groups are
transferred from one molecule to AMP or ADP to form
ATP.:substrate, level
In ________ reactions, water is used to break bonds in
molecules.:HYDROLYSIS
In ____________ reactions, water is used to break bonds in
molecules.:HYDROLYSIS
In ________ respiration, oxygen is not the terminal electron
acceptor.:ANAEROBIC
In _________ respiration, oxygen is the terminal electron
acceptor.:AEROBIC
________ is a catabolic reaction, not a biosynthetic (anabolic)
process.:HYDROLYSIS
_____is the multi-step energy-yielding conversion of glucose
to pyruvic acid.:GLYCOLYSIS
The ________ is the term for specific molecule on which an
enzyme acts.:SUBSTRATE
The Krebs cycle occurs in the __________ of the eukaryotic
cells and the __________ of bacteria.:MITOCHONDRION,
CYTOPLASM
The letters in ATP represent the words:andenosine
triphosphate

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The loss of the normal or native shape of a protein due to

chemical or physical disruption of tertiary structure is
called protein __________.:DENATURATION
The minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to
proceed is termed the energy of _________.:ACTIVATION

69.

70.

The molecule _ _ _ is termed cellular "money" because it can

be stored, spent or transferred.:ATP
Most enzymes are named based on their molecular
composition. True or False:FALSE (most enzymes are named
based on the substarte/action they act upon).
Most enzymes are named to reflect which of the
following?:ACTION OF THE ENZYME
No, ________ is specific metabolic process where the end
products of glycolysis become terminal hydrogen
acceptor.:fermentation
Often, _________ will bind within an enzyme's active site and
produce a unique active site for the substrate.:COFACTORS
The opposite of catabolism is ________.:anabolism

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76.

Prokaryotic cells will divide by a process called:BINARY

FISSION
The protein part of an enzyme which requires a
coenzyme/cofactor to function is called a(n)
______.:APOENZYME

77.

Pyruvic acid can directly enter the Krebs cycle. TRUE or

FALSE:FALSE

78.

A reaction that consumes energy is termed::ENDERGONIC

79.

A redox involves the coupling of which 2 types of

reactions?:OXIDATION AND REDUCTION
a redox reaction, one compound is OXIDIZED and another
compound is _________.:REDUCED
Redox reactions are generally always paired where one
compound is oxidized and another reduced. TRUE or
FALSE:TRUE
_________ refers to the decomposition of complex
compounds during cellular metabolism.:Catabolism
The ______ site is the region on an enzyme that binds
subsrate.:ACTIVE
The specific process of _________ incorporates nutrients
through biosynthesis in cells.:ANABOLISM
The specific process of_________ incorporates nutrients
through biosynthesis in cells (METABOLISM includes both
catabolic and anabolic reactions).:ANABOLISM
The specific region on an enzyme that binds substrate is
called a(n) _______ site.:ACTIVE

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86.

The "_ _ _ " suffix denotes an enzyme.:"- ase "

To make AMP from ATP, _ phosphate bonds must be
broken. (number):2

87.

The ultimate source of all chemical energy on earth is the _ _

_, making most organisms directly or indirectly dependent
on photosynthesis.:sun

88.

What definition best describes "reduction"?:When a

compound GAINS electrons from an electron-donating
compound.

What term is used to describe proteins losing their 3D

structure as a consequence of changes in the
environmental conditions such as excessive heat or
salt?:DENATURATION
What term is used to describe the minimum amount of
energy required for a reaction to proceed?:ACTIVATION
ENERGY
What term is used to describe the production of
sugars?:GLUCONEOGENESIS
What term refers to a biological catalyst that lacks an
essential cofactor?:APOENZYME
Where are the carbons found from glucose at the end of
glycolysis?:2 pyruvic acids
Which are the primary photosynthesizers in terrestrial
ecosystems?:GREEN PLANTS
Which atom is most often involved in electron transfer
reactions in biological systems?:HYDROGEN
Which atom is most often involved in electron transfer
reactions in biological systems?:HYDROGEN (unlike oxygen,
hydrogen has only one electron which is more readily
transferred).
Which component of sugar (C, H, O) is often involved in
electron transport biological systems?:HYDROGEN
Which components contribute to the structure of
ATP?:RIBOSE, PHOSPHATE, ADENINE
Which describes the primary function of a coenzyme?_______
______ in _____ ______ (Vitamins are components of coenzymes
and become reduced or oxidized during metabolic
pathways).:ELECTRON CARRIER IN REDOX REACTIONS
Which features of an enzyme is the "most" unique?:ACTIVE
SITE
Which of is NOT a common coenzyme carrier in cells? _ _
_:ADP
Which of the following compounds is typically used as an
electron "carrier" brining electrons to the electron
transport system?:NAD, FAD
Which of the following is NOT a terminal electron acceptor
in anaerobic respiration?:OXYGEN
Which of the following is the "fate: of NADH and
FADH2?:USED IN ETS
Which of the following is true regarding alcohol formation
within cells?:SEVERAL DIFFERENT ALCOHOLS CAN
PRODUCED
Which of the following macromolecules can commonly act
as a catalyst?:PROTIENS
Which term refers to adding a phosphate
group?:PHOSPHORYLATION
Which two levels of protein structure principally
determine the active site of an enzyme?:QUATERNARY,
TERTIARY