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Lecture Outline
Linear Airy wave Theory
Design wave Environment
Wave Statistics
Wave Forces on Small Structures
Wave Forces on Large Structures
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length
= wave frequency = 2/T where T is the
wave period
Wave surface elevation is given by
=
where
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=
which is another form of
dispersion relationship.
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wave
where =
length
is
obtained
as
=
and v=
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horizontal water-particle
=
velocity
The
velocity
vertical
water-particle
=
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Vertical:
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10
60
50
s (m)
40
u
30
20
10
-2.5000
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-2.0000
-1.5000
-1.0000
0
-0.5000
0.0000
0.5000
Particle Velocity (m/s)
1.0000
1.5000
2.0000
11
60
50
s (m)
40
u dot
30
v dot
20
10
-2.0000
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-1.5000
-1.0000
0
-0.5000
0.0000
Particle Acceleration (m/s)
0.5000
1.0000
1.5000
12
60
50
s (m)
40
30
20
10
-4.0000
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-3.5000
-3.0000
-2.5000
-2.0000
-1.5000
Particle Displacement (m)
-1.0000
-0.5000
0
0.0000
13
s (m)
40
30
20
10
0
-40000
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-35000
-30000
-25000
-20000
-15000
Pressure (N/m)
-10000
-5000
14
= ( )
Choosing
the
origin
at
x =
0,
= where =H/2
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15
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16
[()]
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()
17
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18
S(f) (m/s)
40
30
20
10
0
0
-10
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0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
f (1/s)
19
(2)4 5
1.25
0 4
20
() =
4
2
0.1687 5
0.675
where =
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1.057
21
() =
4
2
0.1107 5
0.4427
where = 1.2960 =
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1.296
22
() =
4
5
(2)
42
(2)4 4 2
where =
0.0081
4
, =
9.80665 and =
2
Tz
3.54
, =
,=
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23
(2)4 5
where
= 3.30
a = 0.07
b = 0.09
= 0.0081
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1.25
0 4
0 2
22 2
0
0
> 0
24
0
2 5
where
= 3.30
a = 0.07
b = 0.09
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1.25
0 4
0 2
22 2
0
0
> 0
0.0624
0.230+0.03360.185 1.9+ 1
25
S(f) , m2
60
ITTC Spectrum
50
JONSWAP Spectrum
40
P-M spectrum
30
JONSWAP-GODA
20
Bretschneider Spectrum
10
ISSC Spectrum
0
0.0000
0.1000
0.2000
0.3000
0.4000
0.5000
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26
27
Phase in sinusoidal functions or in waves has two different, but closely related,
meanings. One is the initial angle of a sinusoidal function at its origin and is
sometimes called phase offset or phase difference. Another usage is the fraction
of the wave cycle that has elapsed relative to the origin.
different phase
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same phase
28
, =
=
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29
(m)
1
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
-1
-2
-3
-4
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t (sec)
30
Wave Statistics
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Tc = crest period
Tz= zero upcrossing period
Hmax= maximum height in the record
31
Wave Statistics
Two
of
the
most
important
parameters
that
height:
mean
height,
root-
32
Wave Statistics
and is obtained
=
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33
Wave Statistics
Significant Wave Height
The average of highest one-third wave
heights gives the significant wave height.
Time domain
density
spectrum,
Frequency domain
then
34
Wave Statistics
In
the
the
wave
record
by
the
formula
Time domain
frequency
domain,
is
given
by
=
The
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rms
=
value
of
water
elevation
Frequency domain
is
35
Wave Statistics
Maximum Wave Height
Hmax in a record is obtained from the largest of all creststo-preceding-trough values in the record
where N = Ts/Tz
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36
Example
The
table
here
gives
the
duration.
Determine
square
height
and
the
height
if
wave
occurs
operating
at
wave
maximum
this
wave
Balingian
condition
for
in
Wave Height,
H
(m)
Number of
Waves,
n
5-6
4-5
3-4
2-3
1-2
0-1
50
80
140
230
350
500
duration of 10 hours.
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37
Hi
5-6
4-5
3-4
2-3
1-2
0-1
5.5
4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
Number of
Waves,
n
50
80
140
230
350
500
N= n =1350
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38
= =
. + . + . + .
= .
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39
(.
= . .
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+ .
40
= 6.98m
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=5142.86 5143
Ans.
41
different ways:
1. Morison Equation
2. Froude-Krylove theory
Applicable when the drag force is small and the inertia
force predominates but the structure is relatively small
3. Diffraction Theory
Applicable when the size of the structure is comparable
to the wave length, thus the presence of the structure is
expected to alter the wave field in the vicinity of the structure
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43
44
45
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47
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48
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49
Example
Evaluate the total horizontal force per m length due to
x
12m
15m
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50
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51
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..
= .
= .
52
= .
=
= .
= .
= .
x = 15m & t = 8 S
= = . . = . .
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53
.
(. )
. .
= . /
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54
.
(. )
. .
= . /
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55
1.5 m/s
6m
1.2 m/s
0.05d = 15 m
0.001d
0.3 m/s
56
.
1025*1.2*
= 2269.29 N/m
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.
Ans.
57
+ ) +
( +
) +
0.5*1025*1.05*1.25*(. + . )* . + .
= 829.68 N/m
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Ans.
58
f = f D + fI
= 829.68 +2269.29
= 3098.97 N/m
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Ans.
59
Example
Using the following data given for the mid point C of the member AB
shown in figure, determine the total wave force acting on it using
Morison equation. Assume that the member is fouled and the wave
is propagating in x direction. Take mass density of sea water as
1025 kg/m3.
Diameter of the
member
: 1.1 m
Horizontal water
particle velocity
: 0.8 m/s
Vertical water particle
velocity
:-0.7 m/s
Horizontal water
particle acceleration
: -0.6 m/s2
Vertical water particle
acceleration
: 0.35 m/s2 60
[12 marks]
y
2m
B
C
8m
C
A
3m
A
6m
x-y view
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4m
4m
y-z view
+ +
=10.7703 m
( )
=
= .
.
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( + )
= .
.
( )
=
= .
.
61
= + = . /
= + = . /
= + = . /
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+ + = . /
62
= + = . 5586 m/s2
= + = . 4052 m/s2
= + = . m/s2
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63
= = . = /
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= = . = /
= = . = /
64
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=
= . = /
=
= . = /
=
= . = /
65
= + = /
= . = . =
= + = /
= . = . =
= + = /
= . = . =
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66
Example
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83
In which
and are horizontal and vertical force coefficients
(assigned values)
and are direction normals in the x and y directions
is an elemental surface area of the submerged
structure
The use of these coefficients limit the applicability of this
method in general.
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84
=
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=
85
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86
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=
87
88
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89
THANK YOU
2012 INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PETRONAS SDN BHD
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