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Two-way slabs
Flat Slabs
FLAT SLABS
SPRING 2011
Page 2
Two-way slabs
Flat Slabs
C. L.
(based on slab
thickness)
d2 = hf - concrete
cover - db
2
d2
d1
hf
1.25 hf
d2/
2
l/
6
second critical
section
l/
6
lx
lx
d1/2
ly
d2/2
ly
d1/2
d1/2
tributary
area
d1/2
drop panel
d2/2
A similar approach may be carried out for side and corner columns, but in
these cases the extension of drop panel can not go both ways both
directions.
Notes:
SPRING 2011
Page 3
Two-way slabs
Flat Slabs
Example 2
2
8.25 m
3
8.25 m
6.5 m
6.5 m
600 mm
450 mm
SPRING 2011
Page 4
Two-way slabs
Flat Slabs
Solution:
8.25 m
cy+d/2 = 450+216/2
= 558mm
6.5/2+0.45/2
= 3.475 m
tributary area
cx+d
= 600+216 = 816mm
6.5
0.45
0.216
2
( 0.6 + 0.216 ) 0.45 +
= 28.21m
2
2
2
3.475
0.816
0.558
c =
600
= 1.333
450
s = 30
bo = 816 + 2(558) = 1932mm
SPRING 2011
Page 5
Two-way slabs
Flat Slabs
1
2
1
2
1 +
fc bo d = 1 +
f b d = 0.4167 fc bo d
c
6 1.333 c o
6
1 30 216
1 s d
Vc = min
+ 2 fc bo d =
+ 2 fc bo d = 0.4462 fc bo d
12 1932
12 bo
1
fc bo d
Vc = 0.75
1
25 (1932 )(216 ) = 521600N
3
<
Vult
not ok
lx
= 2 8.25 = 2.75m
6
6
Use 1.35m
Use 320mm
Depth:
1.25hf = 1.25 250 = 312.5mm
SPRING 2011
Page 6
Two-way slabs
Flat Slabs
8.25 m
2.75 m
cy+d1/2 = 450+286/2
= 593mm
1.35 m
3.475 m
cx+d1
= 600+286 = 886mm
0.286
2
= 28.14 m
2
0.886
0.593
c =
600
= 1.333
450
s = 30
bo = 886 + 2 (593) = 2072mm
SPRING 2011
Page 7
Two-way slabs
Flat Slabs
1
2
1
2
1 +
fc bo d1 = 1 +
f b d = 0.4167 fc bo d1
c
6 1.333 c o 1
6
1 d
1 30 286
1
Vc = min s
+ 2 fc bo d1 =
+ 2 fc bo d1 = 0.5117 fc bo d1
12 2072
12 bo
1
fc bo d1
Vc = 0.75
1
25 (2072 )(286 ) = 740700N
3
Vult
>
ok
d2 = d = 216 mm
8.25 m
2.75 m
1.35 m
1.35+d2/2= 1.458m
3.475 m
2.75+d2
= 2.966m
0.216
2
= 24.34m
2
2.966
1.458
c =
2.75
= 2.037
1.35
s = 30
bo = 2966 + 2 (1458 ) = 5882mm
SPRING 2011
Page 8
Two-way slabs
Flat Slabs
1
2
1
2
1 +
fc bo d2 = 1 +
f b d = 0.3303 fc bo d2
c
6 2.037 c o 2
6
1 d
1 30 216
2
+ 2 fc bo d2 =
+ 2 fc bo d2 = 0.2585 fc bo d2
Vc = min s
12 5882
12 bo
1
fc bo d2
>
Vult
ok
SPRING 2011
Page 9
Two-way slabs
Flat Slabs
Now, let us check the two-way shear and the shear resulting from the
UBMT in both directions E-W & N-S for corner column A-1:
Two-way shear:
8.25/2+0.6/2 =
4.425 m
450+216/2
= 558 mm
6.5/2+0.45/2
= 3.475 m
600+216/2
= 708 mm
c = 600 = 1.333
450
s = 20
bo = 708 + 558 = 1266mm
1
controls
20 216
sd
+ 2
+ 2
'
fc bo d
1266
bo
0.451
Vc =
min
=
1000
12
12
(KN)
1 + 2 1 + 2
c 1.333
=
= 0.417
6
6
SPRING 2011
Page 10
Two-way slabs
Vc =
Flat Slabs
25 1266 216 1
455.76 KN
1000
3
So, we are fine with the two-way shear, lets check now the shear
resulting from the unbalanced moment transfer from the slab to the
column.
E-W direction:
6.5 0.45
+
= 3.475m
2
2
c1 = c x = 600mm
c2 = c y = 450mm
b1 = c1 +
d
216
= 600 +
= 708mm
2
2
b2 = c2 +
d
216
= 450 +
= 558mm
2
2
SPRING 2011
Page 11
Two-way slabs
Flat Slabs
b
708
1
2 708 216 2
=
= 197.97 mm
b1 d
c=
Ac
273456
b d 3 b13 d
Jc = 1
+
+ b1 d 1 c + b2 dc 2
2
12
12
708 (216)
12
( ) 2
12
1
2 708
1+
3 558
= 0.571
u,v =
303.32 1000
= 1.109MPa
273456
u,M =
69.01 10 6 (197.97)
= 0.885MPa
15.43 10 9
2
2
1 +
1 +
c
1.333
=
= 0.416
6
6
20 216
d
c = fc' min s + 2
2
+
bo
= 1266
= 0.451
12
12
controls
3
SPRING 2011
Page 12
Two-way slabs
1
c = 0.75 25 = 1.25 MPa <
3
Flat Slabs
Use drop panel, but wait, let us check the "N-S" UBMT first and then conlude
our drop panel size and projection.
So, what do you think? Should we go and check the shear resulting from
UBMT in the N-S direction? Well, my answer is that we dont have to,
since I believe that it would be less serious than the E-W direction.
But, for the sake of explanation, I will go through it.
N-S direction:
8.25 0.6
+
= 4.425m
2
2
c1 = c x = 450mm
c2 = c y = 600mm
b1 = c1 +
d
216
= 450 +
= 558mm
2
2
b2 = c2 +
d
216
= 600 +
= 708mm
2
2
SPRING 2011
Page 13
Two-way slabs
Flat Slabs
b
558
1
2 558 216 2
=
= 122.97 mm
b1 d
c=
Ac
273456
b d 3 b13 d
Jc = 1
+
+ b1 d 1 c + b2 dc 2
2
12
12
558 (216)
12
( ) 2
12
1
2 558
1+
3 708
= 0.628
u,v =
303.32 1000
= 1.109MPa
273456
u,M =
47.65 10 6 (197.97)
= 0.663MPa
8.84 10 9
2
2
1 +
1 +
c
1.333
=
= 0.416
6
6
20 216
d
c = fc' min s + 2
2
+
bo
= 1266
= 0.451
12
12
controls
3
SPRING 2011
Page 14
Two-way slabs
1
c = 0.75 25 = 1.25 MPa <
3
Flat Slabs
Use drop panel, but as I expected, it is less serious that the "E-W" direction.
So, after checking the two-way shear and the shear due to UBMT for
both E-W and N-S direction, the UBMT in the E-W controlled the
use of drop panel (since it was the most serious one) !!
lx c x
+
6 2
8.25 0.6
=
+
= 1.675 m Use 1.7 m
6 2
Depth:
1.25hf = 1.25 250 = 312.5mm
Use 320mm
When used hdp = 320 mm, still you will have a problem with UBMT in
E-W direction (an excel sheet to do a trial and error calculations
would be a good tool). So, I concluded hdp = 400 mm would solve the
problem in E-W direction (and most certainly, in N-S direction
and two-way shear (which we have no problem with!!).
So, We will use a drop panel under column A-1 with the
following size: 1.7 m x 1.35 m x 0.4 m. Now, we have to check the
UBMT in E-W direction, at two critical sections, as explained
earlier.
SPRING 2011
Page 15
Two-way slabs
Flat Slabs
4.425 m
1.7 m
cy+d1/2 = 450+366/2
= 633mm
1.35 m
3.475 m
cx+d1/2 = 600+366/2
= 783mm
Let Mu be the same as before adding a drop panel (after all, the small
increase in projection of the drop panel can be considered to be equal in
effect of the decrease of ATrib since d is increased).
So, let:
Mu=160.91 KN.m
d1
366
= 783 mm
2
2
d
366
b2 = c 2 + 1 = 450 +
= 633 mm
2
2
bo = b1 + b2 = 783 + 633 = 1416 mm
b1 = c 1 +
= 600 +
b1
(b d ) 2
1
c=
Ac
783 366
=
518256
783
2 = 216.49 mm
SPRING 2011
Page 16
Two-way slabs
b d 3 b 3d
Jc = 1 1 + 1 1
12 12
f =
1
2 b1
1+
3 b2
+ (b1 d1 ) 1 c
1
2 783
1+
3 633
Flat Slabs
+ (b2 d1 ) c 2 = 37.47 10 9 mm 4
= 0.574
Vult = {3.475 4.425 (0.783 0.633)} 21.1 + 1.2 0.15 24 (1.7 1.35) (0.783 0.633)
Vult = 321.77 KN
c =
600
= 1.333
450
s = 20
u,V =
u,M =
Vult 1000
Ac
M u,V 10 6 c
Jc
321.77 1000
= 0.621 MPa
518256
=
68.51 10 6 216.49
37.47 10 9
= 0.396 MPa
2
2
1 +
1 +
c
1.333
=
= 0.416
6
6
d
20 366
c = fc' min s 1 + 2
+ 2
b
o
= 1416
= 0.596
12
12
Controls
3
c = 0.75 25
1
= 1.25 MPa
3
SPRING 2011
Page 17
Two-way slabs
Flat Slabs
1.35+d2/2= 1.458m
3.475 m
1.7+d2/2
= 1.808 m
Mu=160.91 KN.m
d2
216
= 1808 mm
2
2
d
216
b2 = c 2 + 2 = 1350 +
= 1458 mm
2
2
bo = b1 + b2 = 1808 + 1458 = 3266 mm
b1 = c 1 +
= 1700 +
b1
(b d ) 2
1
c=
1808
2 = 500.44 mm
705456
1808 216
Ac
b1 d2 3 b13d2
Jc =
+
12 12
f =
1
2 b1
1+
3 b2
+ (b1 d2 ) 1 c
1
2 1808
1+
3 1458
+ (b2 d2 ) c 2 = 250.37 10 9 mm 4
= 0.574
SPRING 2011
0.216
0.216
) (1.35 +
) 21.1 = 268.83 KN
2
2
Page 18
Two-way slabs
c =
Flat Slabs
1700
= 1.26
1350
s = 20
u,V =
u,M =
Vult 1000
Ac
M u,V 10 6 c
Jc
268.83 1000
= 0.381 MPa
705456
=
68.51 10 6 500.438
250.37 10 9
= 0.137 MPa
2
2
1 +
1 +
c
1.26
=
= 0.431
6
6
3266
b o
=
= 0.277 Controls
12
12
3
c = 0.75 25 0.277 = 1.04 MPa
c = 1.04 MPa > u,max = 0.518 MPa O.K.
So, since the two critical sections are O.K., it means that the UBMT in
E-W direction is solved, and surely, solved for UBMT for N-S
direction in addition to the two-way shear.
SPRING 2011
Page 19