1.

0.15(K=1.0)
(1)0.14(Rw=8)0.2

NEHRP(2)

(3
)

1.2


1991(4)

1978
(5)
UBC 1976(6)
(7)ATC-3(8)
(9)
19821995
(10)

1992 (
11,12)
1995(13)

(
14,15,16,17)
1.3

19941995

1.4

1.4.1
4

1. BOCA/Basic Building Code (18)

2. The National Building Code (19)
3. The Standard Building Code (20)
4. Uniform Building Code(UBC) (1)
5. National Earthquake Harzards Reduction
Reduction Programs (NEHRP) Seismic Regulations
for New Building (2)
NEHRP1927
19611973
1988 Rw
UBC
UBC
2
1895
19240.119500.2
1981

()0.2()0.25

(3
197463
1974
1982
1989

1.4.2

475
0.4G
0.33G

1.4.3

1.4.4
6

1.4.5

1.5


2.1

2.1.1
(SEAOC)1990(21)

(1) (Serviceability Limit State)

(2) (Damage Litmit State)

(3) (Ultimate Limit State)

(1)(2)

2.1.2
2-1

Ceu

2-1
Cy y
CwCs

(1) (Ductility Reduction Factor

R )

R =

Ceu
Cy

(2) (Overstrength Stress Factor )

10

Cy
Cs

(3) (Allowable Stress Factor )

Cs
Cw

(4) (Ductility Factor s )

s =

max
y

Ceu :

C y :

Cs :
Cw :
max :

y :

2.2

2.2.1

11


34226:
240

0.1
0.7 1.2 16
4 0.01
63215:
SEAOC-1959
V=KCWKC
W
716:
UBC-1976
(S)(C)
(C)V=ZKCIWZI

793:(C)

84:

y Fu
V =

ZICW

14
. y Fu

12

2.2.2

(SEOAC)
-
(Blue Book)UBC

1906: 30 psf (146 Kg/m2)

1927:(UBC)
0.075

0.1

1935:UBC(2000psf)
0.08
0.16
1959:SEAOC
V=KCW
1961:UBCSEAOC-1959
ZV=ZKCW
1971:ACI 318-71ATC(Applied
Technology Council)

1974:SEAOCV=ZKCISW
1976:UBCSEAOC-1974
1977: ATC 3-06
13

1982:ANSI A58.1()UBC-1979
ATC 3-06
1985:NEHRP(National Earthquake Hazards
Reduction Program)ATC 3-06

1988:SEAOC

V =

ZICW
125
. S
C = 2/3
Rw
T

1991:UBCSEAOC-1988
2.2.3

1924: k=0.1

1931:RC
31

1933:

1947:JES 3001
k=0.2
1950: k=0.2
16 k 4 k

14

0.01 k0.3 k
0.3
1952: k=0.2 C1C2 0.5
C1 0.80.91.0 C2

1963:
1967:45

1977:
1981: 6
1988:

2.2.4

15

2.3

(1) (V)
V=ZKCIW

Z:(1.00.80.6)
K:(0.671.01.33)
C:
0.248
0.150.0625)
T
1
(: C =
0.15)
8 T

(: C =

( T:)
I:(1.01.251.5)
W:
16

(2) (T)
0.085 (hn)

0.060 (hn) 4
0. 09hn

D
3

hn

1.4
(3)
Ft
0.7

Ft = 0.07TV 0.25V

FX =

(V Ft )WX h X
n

Wihi
i =1

Fx = x
Wx = x
hx = x
(4)
(Mt):

(Mta):
5

100

17

(5)

1000

1.0
(6)

15

1000

15 cm
(7)

2.4

(1) (V)
ZI
14
. y
ZIFu
V =
35
. y
V =

C
) mW
Fu

C
)mW
Fu

Z:
(0.330.280.230.18)

. )
C:( 10
I:(1.01.251.5)
18

W:

y :(RC:1.5
:1.2)

Fu :
(

C
) m :
Fu

1
(2) (T)
0.085 hn
0.070 hn

3
3

0.050 hn 4
0. 075 34
hn

Ac

hn
1.4
(3)
Ft
0.7

Ft = 0.07TV 0.25V

FX =

(V Ft )WX h X
n

Wihi
i =1

Fx = x
Wx = x
19

hx = x
(4)
(Mt):

(Mta):
5

100

A X

A X = max
. avg
12

max =X
avg =X

A X 3.0
(5)
V =

ZIFu C
( ) m W
4.5 Fu

1000

(6)

20


*
0.6(1.4 y Ra ) Fu 2.5 Ra
Fu = 2.5 Ra
(7)

90%

90%
100%
2.5

(UBC)

(1) (V)
V =

ZICW
RW

C=

. S
125
2.75
T 2/3

C
0.075
RW

:
(0.40.30.20.150.075)

:(1.01.25)

21

S :(1.01.21.52.0)
T :
W

Rw :(4 12)
(2) (T)
0.035 hn
0.030 hn
0.020 hn

01
.
hn
Ac

3
3
3

hn(ft)
1.4
(3)
Ft
0.7

Ft = 0.07TV 0.25V

FX =

(V Ft )WX h X
n

Wihi
i =1

Fx = x
Wx = x
hx = x
(4)
22

(Mt):

(Mta):
5

100

A X

A X = max
. avg
12

max =X
avg =X

A X 3.0
(5)

0.04

T < 0.7 sec

h
RW 0.005
0.03

T 0.7 sec
h
RW 0.004

C
= 0.075
RW

C1.4

T =

23


=
h
(6)

3RW

(7)

90%

90%
100%
2.6
2.6.1

1981

()

24

(1)
(
)
80 100 gal

Q0 = C0 ZRtW = 0.2 ZR tW

Q0 =
C0 = ()( C0 =0.2)

Z =
Rt =
ZRt

200

120

(2)

300 400 gal

Qun = DS Fes Qud

Qun =

25

Ds =

Fes =
(1.0< Fes <2.25)

Qud =

2.6.2
60
(1)
N

Qi = Ci Wi
i =i

Qi =i
Wi =i
Ci =i
Ci = ZRt Ai C0

Z =(1.00.90.80.7)
Rt =

T < TC

Rt = 1
26

Rt = 1 0.2 1
TC

1.6TC
Rt =
T

TC T < 2TC
2TC T

TC = 0.4 TC = 0.6
TC = 0.8 T=

A i

c0 ( c 0 =0.2
c 0 =1.0)
(2) (T)
= 0.02+0.01

0.02

0.03

(3)
Ai = 1 + (

i)

2T
1 + 3T

Ai

27

i =

i =i

(4)
()

Qun = DS Fes Qud

Qun =
Ds =

Fes =
(1.0< Fes <2.25)

Fes = Fe Fs

Fe :
Fs :
Qud =

(5)
(Re)
28

Re =

e
re

e=

re =
.
Re < 015
Re > 0.3

Fe = 10
.
Fe = 15
.

Re 0.15 0.3

Fe

(6)
(Rs)

Rs =

rs
rs

rs =
rs = rs
Rs > 0.6
Rs < 0.3

Fs = 10
.
Fs = 15
.

Rs 0.3 0.6

Fs

(7)

29

200

120

(8)

2.6.3
60
60

(
018
.
0.36
~
22)( C B ) C B =

T
T

. N N
T T = 012

(1)

30

TAFT(EW)EL CENTRO(NS)
Tokyo-101(NS)
HACHINOHE(NS)(EW)
25

cm
cm
50

sec
sec

(2)
25

cm

sec

1000

(3)
50

cm

sec

100

max
2 (PR) PR =
y

max :

y :

2.7

2.7.1

31


(1)

(2)

(3)

2.7.2

NEHRP1977ATC3.0620(FEMA)

32

(Vision 2000)2000

2.8

0.1
0.2

0.1
33


0.1

2.9

UBC

34

(
)

35


3.1

3.2

1
2
475
3 Rw
12
3

3.2.1 (C)
3-13-23-3

36

2.752.5
123

3.2.2
UBC475
0.4g 0.3g 0.2g 0.1g 1
0.90.80.4g0.36g
0.32g
0.33g0.28g0.23g
0.18g10.850.70.55
475

0.4g
0.36g0.32g0.4g

0.12g1
0.4g(23)3-4,3560
0.4g
37

199419950.4g

1/10

0.12g0.4g1995

3.2.3
UBC Rw
4 120.2g
Rw 5 Rw
1.4 y Fu 3-63-7SMRF
SMRF Rw =12R=4.8
0.2g
Rw 12 Rw (T, )
3-6
<4.23-7
5.2

38

3.2.4

3-8 SMRF
S=S1
0.30.25SteelSMRF
0.2

0.1960.200.3 1.53
150.8
72.5%>2.020

<1.50.8
55%
30%0.33390.4
20%
3-103-113.213

39

0.3 1.5

3.2.5 (W)
W

60

Kg
Kg

2 210
m
m2

1/4 1/2W
10 20%

3.3

4.83.20.67K=1.0

3.3.1
332
0.230.3370%
80%

40

a4.8

0.67SMRF

3-12
<0.88
71%>1.010
36%RC,
<0.88
25%>1.010
9.5%
b3.2

1.0

3-133.2
<1.212
14% 9% 1.4 3
14 308%
13%
3.3.2
123
3
12

aSMRF

R=4.8

41

 3-14 0.33 SMRF

R=4.8<0.3
60%96%

>2.5
b3.2

(K=1.0)

3-15 0.33
3.23-12

3.3.3

RC
25%3-8
RC
SMRFRC(0.3)(0.25)20%
3-8RC

3.4

42

3.4.1

Bettero(1988)(24)Imperical
Counting

Service

Building 1979 10 15

M=6.4
3-16
T=0.65sec)

1.0sec1.6sec

5
5.0<<6.8

50%
6.8<<11.0

146%

43

>11

3.4.2

1
= Ct (hn)

1994

Ct =0.035 Steel
Ct =0.030 RC

MRF

MRF EBF

Ct =0.020
0.1
Ct =

Ac

hn
3-17 ates Forth( 24) 1971
Fernando

San

T=0.035 hn 4
3

=0.049 hn 4
3

0.035 hn 4 1.4

1.4

44

 Ct

= 0.02+0.01
m

0.02

0.03

(25)
3-183-19
0.03
0.02

3
0.085 (hn)

0.060 (hn)
0. 09hn

1.4

45

4
0.085 hn
0.070 hn

3
3
3

0.050 hn 4
0. 075 34
hn

Ac

hn
3.4.3

1
3-20

1.41.4

2
3-21

46

3-8

3-22(a)(b)
20
(
1.4)
3.4.4

UBC

3.5

47

3.5.1

Ft =0.07TV Ft 0.25
<0.7 Ft Ft

3.5.2

Qi = Ai
1

2T
i
i
1 + 3T

Ai

i = W / WN
ith
Wn

48

Qi

3.5.3

3-2320105

3.5.4

1
2

K = 1
>20

H
ZCo Co =0.2
40

1
K = ZCo 3-24
4

3.6

49

3.6.1
(1)
(2)(3)
(4)

5%
UBC 19915%
A X

A X = max
. avg
12

max =X
avg =X

A X 3.0
A X

3.6.2

50


( / v :
) Tso & Dempsey
(1982)(26)
3-25

3.6.3

( +
)( +
)5%

(
)()
(+)
(Re)0.15
1.5(Re>0.3)

3.7

51


UBC

70%80%

(27)

0.6
1.5

3.8

3.8.1
(1)

1000

52

1.0
(2)

15

1000

15 cm
3.8.2
(1)
V =

ZIFu C
( ) m W
4.5 Fu

1000

max 0.016
Fu 2.5 h = F
y u

max 0.00643
Fu > 2.5 h =
y
(2)

*
0.6(1.4 y Ra ) Fu 2.5 Ra
Fu = 2.5 Ra

53

3.8.3 (UBC)
(1)

0.04

T
<
0
.
7
sec

h
RW 0.005
0.03

T 0.7 sec
h
RW 0.004

C
= 0.075 C
RW

1.4
T =

=
h
(2)

3RW

3.8.4
(1)

200

120

54


1/100
3.8.5

0.005 UBC 0.0025 0.005 0.005

0.0083
UBC

C/Rw1.4UBC

3.9

UBC

90%
90%
100%
6060
55

UBCUBC

90%
3.10

3-1
3-2

56


4.1

ACI
AISC-ASD
ETABS
(ETABSCONKERSTEELER) (28,29)
(
30)

57

4.2

(SMRF)

SMRF

SMRF

Rw=12

(K=0.67)
. : RC
R=4.8, y = 15

. : STEEL
R=4.8, y = 12

(UBC)

Rw = 12

() Rw=5
() R=3.3,Ds=0.3

: RC

R=4.0, Ds=0.25: STEEL

(1) SMRF
SMRF

SMRF (
)

(ACI)

58

(2) SMRF
SMRF ACI

SMRF UBC1991

(a)
(b)
(c) (Panel Zone)

UBC91
50 Ksi
50 Ksi

SMRF

ATC SMRF
0.015 0.020

59

52
Fy

bf
2t f

65
Fy

UBC1991

Z (F f
Z F
Z (F f
1.25 M
C

yc

1.0

1.0

yb

yc

PZ

Z c Z b

Fyc Fyb

f a
0.015

1.2
4.3

60

4.3.1
(1)
4-1

1.4

(2)

5%

(3)

90%

5%

4.3.2
61

(1)
4-2

1.4

(50)
(2)

5%
Ax

(3)

90%
5%
Ax

(4)

62

36
80%

4.3.3 UBC
(1)
4-3

1.4

(2)

5%
Ax

(3)

90%
5%
63


Ax

4.3.4

(1)(2)

(3)
60m

4-4

(1)
1/200(1/120)
(2)

RCSRC20

310.6
0.15

64

3131
0.60.15

4.3.5
4-5 60

(1)

( C B )
018
.
0.36
CB =
~
T
T
T

T = 012
. N N
(2)

TAFT(EW)EL CENTRO(NS)
TOKYO-101(NS)
HACHINOHE(NS)
(EW)4-1
25

cm
cm
50

sec
sec

(3)

65

 25

cm

sec

1000

(4)
50

cm

sec

100

2
(5) (3)(4)

4-125

cm
sec

EPA=0.2G
50

cm

sec

EPA=0.4G

1
2
100

0.08 0.10G
0.30 0.40G

(
30 )

66

4.3.6

(design review)
Vision 2000

4.4

:
()
(1)
XY
4-6
(2)
18.3
4.23.553.53.553.5
4-7
()
(1)
67


4-8
(2)
30.83.8
34-9
()
(1)

4-8
(2)
774.8
3.84-10
4.5

()
1
()
4
()
7
4.6

68

()
8
4,7

(UBC)

()
2
()
5
()
9
4.8

()
3
()
6
()
10
4.9
69

4-9

(1)

1.4

(2)

1 : 0.53 : 2.07

1 : 0.43 : 1.82

1 (1.55) : 0.59 : 2.22

0.5
2.03-8 (SMRF,S=S1)

0.10G0.09G0.2G

1/4(3-22(a)(b))

70

(3)

1.33

(4)

2 4

4-10SMRF
4-11 SMRF
1:0.89:1.31

1.9%()2.5%()3.2%()
David Dowrick UBC
(32)4-11

71


5.1

DRAIN2DX(33)

5.2

DRAIN-2DX

72

DRAIN-2DX
:
(1)
(2)
(3) XYZ
(4)
(5) (step-by-step
Integration)

(6) Rayleigh Damping

C=aM+bK

a =

b =

4 (T j
T

2
j

Ti i )

Ti

Ti T j ( T j

Ti j )

( T j 2 Ti 2 )

Ti i = i
Ti i = j
5.3

73

5.4

3/100

:
[ M ]{u&&} + [C]{u&} + [ K ]{u} = { P} (1)

[ M ] =

[C] =
[ K ] =
{ P} =

{u}, {u&}, {u&&}

(Nonlinear)
DRAIN-2DX

74

[ M ]{du&&} + [C]{du&} + [ K ]{du} = {dP}

(2)

{du}, {du&}, {du&&}

{dP}

(Step-by-step Integration)DRAIN-2DX
Newmark:

3
{du} u&&
{du} 3{u&n }
{ n}
dt
2
du 2
6
{du&&} = 2 ({du} dt {u&n }
dt
2

{du&} =

(3)

{ } {u&& })
n

(4)

(3)(4)(2)

6[ M ] 3[C ]

+
+
[
K
(
t
)]
n
2
dt
{du} =
dt
(5)
6
dt
{dP} + [ M ]( {u&n } + 3{u&&n }) + [C ](3{u&n } + {u&&n })
2
dt
(5){du}(3)(4)

{du&}, {du&&}

{un }, {u&n }, {u&&n }

75

(1)
{un }, {u&n }, {u&&n }

5.5

TAFTEL CENTRO1115
(5-25-35-4)TAFTEL CENTRO

1115

ATC(EPA)
EPA
ATCEPA

EPA =

Spa
2 .5

Spa:0.10.55%

EPA 1.0g
30EPA
EPA=0.05g
76

EPA=0.6g
36
5.6

5.6.1
DRAIN-2DX

DRAIN-2DX

(
)

(100% Rigid)
5%
(Rayleigh Damping)

77

5.6.2

(Elastic-perfectly Plastic)
ACI
(Mn)(ACI
0.003)(Mp)
(5-1)P-M
DRAIN-2D
1 = 2 = 1.00
1 = 2 = 0.15
1 , 2 , 1 , 2 5-1
5.6.3

1/4

78

6.1

6.2

()
()

()(
)

79

1995Vision 2000(34)

(1) (Fully Operational):

(DLTmax<0.2%DLTmax)
(2) (Operational):
(DLTmax<0.5%)
(3) (Life Safe):
(DLTmax<1.5%)
(4) (Near Collapse):

(DLTmax<2.5%)
(5) (Collapse):
(DLTmax>2.5%)

6-1

80


0.015Rad
3
6.3

6.3.1

1-
6-41(a)
Cy
2
6-1(a)
61(b)Failure
Mechianism
6.3.2

1
6-11(a) 0.4G TAFT EQ 611(b)
81

e.q
>1.5%

6-11(b)

2
6-41(a)

3
6-41(b) 0.1G 0.5G TAFT EQ
3-21

4
6-41(c) TAFT EQ

5
6-41(d) TAFT EQ
82


6EPA
6-41(e)
7EPA
6-41(f) 34 EPA

6.3.3

6-2 0.4G TAFT EQ

SID Vdyn
DLTy DLTmax
PR DLTmax/ DLTyPHRmaxC
PHRmax
6.4

6.4.1
6-16-26-3
6-16-2

83

6-3

6.4.2
6-46-56-6

6.4.3
6-76-86-9

6.4.4

6.5

6.5.1
84

6.5.1.1
(1)
6-116-120.4GTAFTEL CENTRO
0.012641(d)(f)6-26-3
0.4G0.015
(2) 1115
6-130.4G1115
0.0380.015
6-4
0.040.025
(3) 1115
11150.4G(
5-7)0.6TAFTEL CENTRO
(5-5,5-6)()
0.741115
6.5.1.2
(1)
6-146-150.4GTAFTEL CENTRO
6-14

85

6-156-56-6
0.0120.015
(2) 1115
1115
(6-16
6.5.1.3
(1)
6-176-180.4GTAFTEL CENTRO
0.00660.0055
0.015
6-190.4G1115
0.0152
(2) 1115
6-86-96-100.4GTAFTEL CENTRO
1115
0.00720.00670.01320.015

(3)
1115

6.5.2

86

6.5.2.1
(1)
6-206-216-220.4GTAFTEL CENTRO
11156-20TAFT
1267

0.0090.00960.020
(2)
6-50TAFT6-50(a)
0.24W0.2W
20%6-50(b)
S
6-20
(3)
6-516-52EL CENTRO1115
6-51(a)6-52(a)
10%6-51(b)6-52(b)
6-216-22

(4) 1115
6-116-126-130.4G
TAFTEL CENTRO
0.00960.01031115

87

0.02093.6

6.5.2.2
(1)
6-236-246-250.4GTAFTEL CENTRO
1115
0.0080.00770.022
(2) 1115
6-146-156-160.4G
0.00940.0097
0.020711150.0207
6.5.2.3
(1)
6-266-276-280.4G
6-266-27TAFTEL CENTRO
(0.004)6-281115
0.0198
(2)
6-580.4G1115
6-58(a)

88

6-58(b)

(3) 1115
6-176-186-190.4G
0.00670.00990.0237
1115
6.5.3
6.5.3.1
(1)
6-296-306-310.4G
6626-636-64
(2) 1115
6-206-216-220.4G
0.00770.00920.00152
1115
6.5.3.2
(1)
6-326-336-340.4G

89

(2)
6-236-246-250.4G
0.00730.00970.00136
6.5.3.3
(1)
6-356-366-370.4G

(2) 1115
6-266-276-280.4G
0.01080.0980.0215
1115
6.5.3.4
(1)
6-386-396-400.4G
6-386-39TAFTEL CENTRO
6-401115
0.0113
(2) 1115
6-296-306-310.4G
0.00740.0085
0.0151
90

6.5.4
6.5.4.1
TAFTEL
CENTROEPA=0.4G
0.4G
6-326-330.4GTAFTEL CENTRO
(Life
Safety)
6.5.4.2 1115
6-340.4G1115

(1)
(2)
(3)

6-34

91

(1)

(2)

(3)
PR=6.6
3

6-340.0402
0.0374(>0.025)10.3
8.63 50.025
5.5
0.0132()6.6

0.003(0.0045)
(0.0132)

6.6
6.6.1
92

6-836-35(V)6-83
6-36Vu)6-846-37Vu/V
Cy/Cw
(a) V
(1)>>

(2)>>4:2:1
(4.9)
(b) Vu
(1)>>VuVu

(2)>>
2.2:1.4:1
(c) Vu/V
(1)>>V

(3.10)1.8:1.3:1
(2)>>Vu/V
(d) Vdyn
6-326-336-34Vdyn0.4G
Vu6-32
TAFTVdyn0.267Vu=0.376
93

Vdyn<VuVdyn
Vu(6.5.2.1(2))
6.6.2 (DLTy)
6-856-38DLTyVu
(a)
DLTy
DLTy
SM490DLTy
DLTy
DLTy
(b) DLTy
Vu/V
(c) DLTy0.009 0.003
DLTy
0.005(Vision 2000)

6.6.3 DLTmax
6-866-876-886-396-406-41
0.4GRC
DLTmax

94

DLTmaxDLTmax

6.6.4 (PR)
6-896-906-916-426-436-44
PR(DLTmax/DLTy)
PR

6.6.5
6-456-466-470.4G

TAFTEL CENTRO
1.2%1115(
)1.5%
6.6.6
(DLTmax)
(PR)
DLTmaxVision
2000DLTmax

95

DLTyDLTmax
DLTmax()
Vision 2000DLTmax

6.6.7

DRIAN-2DXP-M
0.25W
0.3W

6.6.8
SMRFETABS1.4

SMRF

96

ETABS
ETABS

97


7.1
-

(1)

(2)

(3) Northridge

()()

97

1992
(SEAOC)

Vision 2000(2000)(34)

Vision 2000

SEAOC
2006
1981

Vision 2000
7.2 (Performance Objective)

Vision 2000

7.2.1 (Performance Level)

98

(1) (Fully Operational):

(DLTmax<0.2%DLTmax)
(2) (Operational):
(DLTmax<0.5%)
(3) (Life Safe):
(DLTmax<1.5%)
(4) (Near Collapse):

(DLTmax<2.5%)
(5) (Collapse):
(DLTmax>2.5%)

6-1
7.2.2 (Earthquake Level)

UBC47550
10%7-1
99

4372475970
(72)

7.2.3 (Design Performance

Objectives)
(Basic)
(Important)(Safety Essential)
7-1

7.3

7-2

(1)
(2)

100

(3)

(4)

7-3

(5)

(6) (Design Review)

101

(7)

(8)

(
)

(9)
7-3UBC

7.4 Vision 2000UBC

102

7-4Vision 2000UBCVision 2000

475970
7-3

7.5
SEAOC
(
35)1995
(1) ()
(2)
(3)

Vision 20007-5
7.6

21SEAOC2006Blue
Book
103

104


8.1

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)

8.2
SMRF

(1) (V)
1:0.5:2

(2) (Vu)

105

(Vu)
1:0.73:1.6
(3) Vu/V
(Vu/V)
1:1.4:0.78
(4)

(5)

(6)
W
(1/2 1/4)

RCW30%
(7)
(EPA=0.4G
EL CENTROTAFT)

(8)

106

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)
(13)
SMRF
1:0.89:1.3
1.9%
2.5%3.2%1%

8.3

107

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

RC

(5)

1971 San Fernando

108

 SEAOC 1997
1.5 2.0

(6)

(7)

(8)
RC
RC
SMRF
0.25 RC 0.30
SMRF RC 25

(9)

109


(10)

8.4

()

110

110


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3-06,National Bureau of Standards,Washington D.C.,1978

111

9. ,,,
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11. ,,,
(),,,
75 100
12. ,,,
(),,, 101 119

13. ,""

14.

Applied

Technology

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of Seismic Design

August

15. Applied Technology Council, "Third

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16. Applied Technology Council, "Fourth

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17. Applied Technology Council, "Comparison of Building
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112

",1984
18. Building Officials and Code Administrators
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20. Southern Building Code Congress International,Standard
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21. Structural Engineer Association of
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22. ,,1976
23

,, Vol.110.
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24. Bertero, V. V. , Bendimerad, F. M. and Shah, H.

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25. ,,,
56.10
26. Tso, W. K. and Dempsey, K. M. ,Seismic Torsional

113

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BUS-US MANUAL-3 .,1990
31. ,,
, 83
32. David Dowrick,Earthquake Resistant Design,John Wiley
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114

35.

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36. ,
(), ,, 77 91

37. ,
(), ,, 43 52
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39. ,"",565
40. Ray W. Clough ,and Joseph Penzien,Dynamics of
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45. ,,
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,, 84
12

116