*introduction

applied research-Applied research refers to scientific study and research that seeks
to solve practical problems.
basic-The term basic research refers to study and research that is meant to increase
our scientific knowledge base.
behavior-anything a person does or experience including thoughts, feelings and
dreams
covert-Covert observations involve the researcher not informing members of the
group the reason for their presence; keeping their true intentions secret.
overt-Overt observations refer to the researcher being open about their intentions in
the field and ensuring all members of the social group are aware of what is
happening.
psych-the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
case study- A case study is one type of observational data collection technique in
which one individual is studied in-depth in order to identify behavioral, emotional,
and/or cognitive qualities that are universally true, on average, of others.
control condition-The control group is composed of participants who do not receive
the experimental treatment.
corelation conditiondata-Data are sets of numbers or pieces of information obtained during research
studies. Data may be either qualitative (categorical and usually non-numerical) or
quantitative (numerical) in nature, but in general, data are numerical pieces of
information.
dependent variable-The dependent variable is the variable that is being measured in
an experiment.
double blind experiment-A double-blind study is one in which neither the
participants or the experimenters know who is receiving a particular treatment.
ethnosentrism-Ethnocentrism is a belief that your society, group, or culture is
superior to all others. Very often this means that differences in groups (e.g., your
group has more old people than ours) are seen as somehow bad.
experimental condition-statistics one of the distinct states of affairs or values of the
independent variable for which the dependent variable is measured in order to carry
out statistical tests or calculations
experimenter bias-bias introduced by an experimenter whose expectations about
the outcome of the experiment can be subtly communicated to the participants in
the experiment-A test under controlled conditions that is made to demonstrate a
known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy of
something previously untried.
hypothesis-A tentative explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific
problem that can be tested by further investigation.
independent variable-A manipulated variable in an experiment or study whose
presence or degree determines the change in the dependent variable.
naturalistic observation- in contrast to analog observation, a research tool in which
a subject is observed in its natural habitat without any manipulation by the observer
placebo-is a simulated or otherwise medically ineffectual treatment for a disease or
other medical condition intended to deceive the recipient.
placebo effect-is any substance that is not known to have any pharmacological
effects (produces no meaningful changes in an oranism, either chemical, biological,
etc.) that is made to look like an active ("real") drug.

population-entire group of people to w/c a researcher intends the result of a study to

apply.
replicate-is conducted again in the same way but using different participants.
research methodologysample-is a relatively small number of participants drawn from an entire population.
sample bias-Sampling Bias refers to errors that can occur in research studies by not
properly selecting participants for the study
statistically significant-is the probability of some result from a statistical test
occurring by chance.
statistic-branch of mathematics that focuses on the organization. analysis, &
interpretation of a group member.
survey-is a method for collecting information or data as reported by individuals
theory-set of principles that attempts to explain one or more facts
variable-characteristic that can have different values-possible number or category
that a score can have
debriefing-is important to make sure the participant does not feel harmed from the
the study in any way.
psychotherapy-is any type of therapeutic situation between a trained professional
and someone seeking help
behaviorism-The school of thought that stresses the need for psychology to be an
objective science.
cognitive psychology-the psychological study of higher mental processes, including
thinking and perception
cultural psych-is a field of psychology which assumes the idea that culture and mind
are inseparable, and that psychological theories grounded in one culture are likely
to be limited in applicability when applied to a different culture
culture-is the set of ideas, behaviors, attitudes, and traditions that exist within large
groups of people
ecletic approach-QUICK ANSWER

Eclectic psychology refers to a therapeutic approach in which a variety of methods,

principles and philosophies are used to create a treatment program that caters to a
patient's unique needs
evolutionary perspective- is "an approach to psychology, in which knowledge and principles
from evolutionary biology are put to use in research on the structure of the human mind
functionalism-Functionalism was the psychological school of thought that followed
Structuralism and moved away from focusing on the structure of the mind to a concern with how
the conscious is related to behavior
gestalt- is the study of how people integrate and organize perceptual information (information
they perceive - things they see, hear, etc) into meaningful wholes.
gestalt psych- is a psychological perspective that emphasizes that the mind tends to perceive
unified wholes and patterns rather than the bits and pieces that make up those wholes and
patterns.
humanistic psych-emphasizes a person's need to self-actualize, that is, to find selffulfillment through the development of his or her unique potential
formation processing approach
introspection- The process of "looking inward" and examining one's self and one's own
actions in order to gain insight.

psychoanalytica systematic structure of theories concerning the relation of consciousand uncon

scious psychological processes.
psychobiologyThe branch of psychology that studies the biological foundations of behavior, emotions, and mental proce
sses. Also calledbiopsychology.

sociobiology-

The study of the biological determinants of social behavior, based on the theory that such behavior is ofte
n genetically transmitted andsubject to evolutionary processes.

Stimulus-

An agent, action, or condition that elicits or accelerates a physiological or psychological activity or respon
se.

Structuralism-

a school of psychology that analyzes conscious mental activity by studying the hierarchical association of
structures, or complexideas, with simpler ideas, perceptions, and sensations.

unconscious
pseudopsych*personalityprojective test
rorschathinklolot test
tematic upperception test
factor analysis
5 factor model
trait
anal stage
archetypes
basic anxiety
collective unconscious
conscious
diff mechanism
ego
genital stage
id
inferiority complex
latency stage
oedipus complex
oral stage
phallic stage
pleasure principle
preconscious
psychosexual stages
reality principles
deppression
super ego
unconscious
phenomendogical perpective
self actualization
self concept
self esteem
unconditional + regards
locus of control

reciprocal determinism
self efficacy
behavioral kenetics
interactionism
*psychological development
developmental psych
cohort effects
cross sectional method
longitudinal method
maturation
adolescent
chromosome
conception
embreonic period
special alcohol syndrome
fetal period
gene
germinal period