Term Paper On Accounting in Merchandising Business

Term Sheet: Application of Accounting in a Merchandising Business (Prime International
Limited)
Executive Summary:
Our report focuses on the Application of Accounting in a

Merchandising Business - Prime International Limited. Accounting is
important in business because it offers great support to management for
planning, controlling as well as decision making process. It is with the aid of
accounting information that the performance of a unit can be evaluated, at
the same time as, its logical records make possible to get rid of the frauds
and the thefts. The main interested parties for the company are stockholders
who always want to know about the performance of his or her company.
To prepare a financial statement, an organization must start its work from

identifying recording, summarizing, and adjusting the transactions and at
last preparation of financial statements. Accounting is important for
businesses for several reasons. Effective record keeping helps a business
survive efficiently all the while keeping track of the operations of the
company.
Background of the Study:
The garments industry of Bangladesh has been the key export division and a
main source of foreign exchange for the last 35 years. At present, the
country generates about $6 billion worth of products each year by exporting
garment. The industry provides employment to about 3 million workers of
whom 90% are women. Two non-market elements have performed a vital
function in confirming the garment industry's continual success; these
elements are (a) quotas under Multi-Fibred Arrangement1 (MFA) in the North
American market and (b) special market entry to European markets. The
whole procedure is strongly related with the trend of relocation of production.
It has been revealed that the tendency of low labor charges is the key reason
for the transfer of garment manufacturing in Bangladesh. Apparel labor
charge per hour (wages and fringe benefits, US$) in USA is 10.12 but it is
only 0.30 in Bangladesh. In USA, however, 1991-figure showed 1,106.00
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thousand workers in the apparel sector and in 2008 it turned down to 765.80
thousand.
Objective of the Report:
Everything is performed for achieving some selected goals. So, our present
report named Application of Accounting in a Merchandising Business- Prime
International Limited. The main objectives of our report are:
To know about Merchandising Business- Prime International Limited and

how it practices accounting.
To know about how they records transactions, and make financial

statements.
To develop the concept about the various aspects of the organizational

structure, success & marketing process of the garments industry.
To identify the present condition of Prime International Limited.
To know how they issued share, record and reports it.
To know about the Prime International Limited and its products in the
market.
Methodology of the Report:
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Report is performed by following some methods; the data may come from
primary sources or secondary sources. Primary sources mean collecting data
from managers directly which meant visiting the organization physically.
Secondary sources mean taking data from various books, journals,
economical reports, statistical data, internet, etc.
Limitations:
We cannot collect sufficient information about Prime International Limited.

We cannot find sufficient information from the Annual report and website of
the company. Moreover we also have time limitation for the term paper.
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Company Overview:
Prime International Limited: Since the establishment, Prime International

Limited has always been dedicated to its customer service. The success of
the company is based on its managements devotee and innovative attitude
and firm commitment to its ultimate goal.
Mission and Vision of Prime International Limited:
Vision:
The vision of Prime International Limited is to provide services which

directly belong to international trade in commodities and services, by
safeguarding its customers interests, protecting their integrity and to make
business by capturing major shares in the market through quality products
and services which would be most trusted anywhere in the world.
Mission:
The mission of Prime International Limited is the realization of Vision

through maximum delivery of quality product and services strictly on ethical
and moral standards at competitive costs ensuring optimum benefits to the
clients.
To ensure the best and ultimate solution to the customers in meeting their
ongoing needs with the best quality of products and services.
To be the market leader of the trade.
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To handle the requirement of the customers both profitably to them and to

ourselves.
Factory visiting service is available when necessary.
A perfect solution will be efficiently presented by the PILs (Prime

International Limited) trained staffs when technical problems occur or on
customers request. Orders are continuously monitored by the PILs Prime
International Limited) most efficient staffs and improved thereof till
shipment.
Value-added service ensures its customers high profits and advantage in a

fierce competitive climate.
Organizational Goals of Prime International Limited:
To employ resources as incendiary for the growth of RMG sector.

To provide service for the parties involved and invention of the necessary
new service dimension.
To search for new buyers for investment and help to develop products to suit
such needs.
Principal Objectives:
Profit maximization
To provide standard services.
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Strategic View of Prime International Limited:
A truly international outlook for exporting.

A long-term commitment for exporting.
A strategic approach to the development of new export market.
Credibility and close and long-term relationship in export market.
An international reputation for quality.
Resources available for export support.
Professional Service of Prime International Limited: The policies and

services of Prime International Limited have been built to fulfill customer
satisfaction with finest quality products and services as well as ethical
responsibilities based on strong time management, teamwork and modern
communication.
Global sourcing solution for our customer: Prime International Limited

sources for supply chains for major brands and retailers worldwide. PILs
sourcing network ranges 13 plus countries and territories across North
America, Europe and Asia.
Quality Service: Quality leads flavor in PILs business existence as quality

control is the first preference of job conduct. Our QC teams who are highly
trained and experienced follow up following issues:
On site production monitoring
Multiple Midterm inspection

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Spot check
Prime International Limited Maintains standard quality in every step of

manufacturing from the selection of right and best materials to the
packaging and shipping.
Communication & Coordination: Communication & Coordination are the

important role in PILs service. Prime International Limited always
communicates with their buyer and coordinates with production department.
Sourcing department time to time Prime International Limited informs to our
overseas customer updated status for all of issue. We always follow our
buyer comments.
Development and Sampling: This is an important sector in our service.

PILs professional team always reviews buyers development package and
communicates with buyers to meet their requirements by providing Fit
sample, PP sample, Salesman sample etc.
Effective and Strong Management: On time delivery is very important to

Prime International Limited. PIL manages their entire professional as follows:
Merchandising work instruction
Production Plan
Sourcing for all of accessories and Fabrics
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Shipping work instruction
Compliance
Quality maintain
Sampling
Functional Departments of Prime International Limited: All the

functions of Merchandising Inc. are operated under four major departments:
Merchandising department.
Sampling department.
Commercial department.
Accessory supply department.
Production department.
Distribution department.
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Merchandising Department:
This department of merchandising department is responsible for the

following activities:
Searching buyers: The task of this department started with the searches of
buyers, who want to import garment products from our country, to get the
order of the garment product manufacturing.
Introduce letter: After finding suitable buyers this department issues an

introducing letter to the respective buyers which describes merchandising
departments total years of experience, its parameter of total activities,
efficiency and effectiveness and relationship with existing buyers.
Cost of Making: CM is another important activity that stands for Cost of

Making. Here the merchandiser of this dept. determines what are the things
are required to make a unit or dozen of an order. Then he makes calculation'
of per unit cost on the basis of accessories consumption, fabric consumption,
labor cost and other relevant costs.
Price negotiation: When this department has the clear idea about the cost
involved in the desired transaction they start price negotiation to determine
a final price that the buyer agrees to pay.
Select supplier: Merchandising department recognizes the effectiveness, of

their commitment to buyers and thereby it shoulders the responsibility of
finding out efficient buyers.
2. Sampling Department:
It starts its activities after receiving the original sample or sketch sample
from the buyer with an, intention to testify the capability of sampling
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department to meet the desired standard of the products. Two people

contribute toward the efficiency of sampling dept. They are sampling man
and pattern master of M. Inc.
3. Commercial Department:
The commercial department of Prime International Limited prepares proforma invoice for the respective buyer. The invoice includes the quantity of
the buyer's order, its unit price and total price. The commercial department
also transfers master L/C on the name of selected supplier. This department
also maintains all clerical activities such as maintaining the accounts of daily
transaction, maintaining payroll, keeping the accounts of daily expenditures
etc.
4. Accessory supply department:
For a smooth manufacturing, the assurance of on time delivery of fabric and

accessories is must. The responsibility of supplying accessories to the
suppliers landed on the ground of this department. To assure this supply
Merchandising Inc. utilizes two sources. One is its sister concern FM. Printing
and Packaging Company. Another is the outsourcing from its suppliers of long
term relationship. As a result the manufacturer doesn't need to be worried
about the availability of accessories.
5. Production Department:
Although named as production department, this service department rather

follows up production dividing its activities into following sections of
responsibilities:
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Quality monitor and control: This dept. supervises the manufacturing

process to maintain the quality and scheduled progress of the manufacturing
in behalf of merchandising Incorporation.
Final Inspection: For its reputation, buyers usually delegate the
responsibility of final inspection on the shoulder of quality. The efficient
inspection is the responsibility of the quality inspector of Merchandising Inc.
6. Shipping Department:
As the name mentions the task of shipping department of M. Inc starts from
-receipt of final goods from the supplier factory after the final inspection and
ends- with loading of the goods bound for supplier. This department also
prepares the supporting documents for export such as bill of exchange, bill of
lading, commercial invoice, certificate of origin, packing list etc.
Perpetual Inventory Systems for Merchandising Businesses:

Companies may use either the perpetual system or the periodic system to
account for inventory. Under the perpetual system, purchases, purchase
returns and allowances, purchase discounts, sales, and sales returns are
immediately recognized in the inventory account, so the inventory account
balance should always remain accurate, assuming there is no theft, spoilage,
or other losses.
Merchandise Transactions in a Perpetual Inventory System:
June 5. Prime International Limited purchased $30,000 of merchandise on

account from Oven Clothing, terms 2/10, n/30.
Merchandise Inventory
30,000
Accounts PayableOwen Clothing
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30,000
June 8. Returned merchandise purchased on account from Owen Clothing

on June 5, $500.

500
500
June 15. Paid Oven Clothing for purchase of June 5, less return of $500 and
discount of $590 [($30,000 $500) 2%].
29,500
Cash
28,910
Merchandise inventory
590
June 18. Sold merchandise on account to Jones Co., $12,500, 1/10, n/30.
The cost of the merchandise sold was $9,000.
(i)
Accounts ReceivableJones Co.
12,500
Sales
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12,500
(ii)
Cost of goods sold
9000
9000
June 21. Received merchandise returned on account from Jones Co., $4,000.
The cost of the merchandise returned was $2,800.
(i)
Sales Returns and Allowances
4,000

4,000
(ii)
2800
Cost of goods sold

2800
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June 22. Purchased merchandise from Norcross Clothiers, $15,000, terms

FOB shipping point, 2/15, n/30, with prepaid transportation charges of $750
added to the invoice.
15,750
Accounts PayableNorcross Clothiers

15,750
June 28.
Received $8,415 as payment on account from Jones Co., less return of June
21 and less
discount of $85 [($12,500 $4,000)1%].
Cash
8,415
Sales Discounts
85
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8,500
June 29.
Prime International Limited sold merchandise that cost $9600 for $19600
cash.
(i)
Cash
19,600
Sales
19,600
(ii)
Cost of goods Sold
9600
9600
Working Environment
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Next to its security measures, the factory is well equipped and furnished with
enough fire- fighting equipment, fire alarms systems and trained personnel
for facilitating emergency evacuation. All of which contribute to minimizing
the fire- risks. The factory environment, with excellent lighting and
ventilation, is one of the very best of its kind in Bangladesh.
Products of Prime International Limited:
Dyeing and finishing fabric of 100% cotton, blends and 100% polyester.
Coordinate with the manufacturers and exporters of readymade garments
like T-shirts, polo shirts, sportswear, underwear, and sweatshirts, casual
wear, night wears, lingerie & polar fleece jacket etc.
Different type of printing like Pigment, Rubber, Flock, Foil, Sugar, Discos,
Deactive, Emboss, Plastic sole, Glitter, Hidensi , Transper, Gel, Stone print.
All type of Label and Tags.
Besides, Prime International Limited has very strong marketing division

for all kinds of ready-made garments to expand market to Europe, U.S.A,
Canada and all over the world.
Merchandising in garments factory in Bangladesh: There is two type of

merchandising in Garment
Company:
Commercial
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Official
Commercial: They manage the export related document and ensure that
the buyer LC is accurate. After production they also manage the document of
shipment.
Official: They manage the production process and see whether the product
is produced regarding the requirement of the buyer and delivery the
produced good within the shipment date.
Problems and Barriers of RMG merchandising - supplier Industry of
Bangladesh:
The problems and barriers that are hindering the growth of export oriented
Buying House industry are classified under the following major functional
areas:
Human resource development
Infrastructure
Marketing
Human Resource Problems of Buying House:
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1.
Unskilled Employee: Most of the employees are not enough skilled to
perform their job. There are some post such as quality controller, design
maker, merchandiser that require technical skill to be performed but as the
employees do not have any institutional training they lack such technical
skill. Convincing foreign buyers and establishing long term relationship with
them is one of the most important tasks. To perform this job employees need
proper language and communication skill. In our country as the education
medium is Bengali and there is less opportunity to learn other foreign
languages therefore employees lack communication skill to convince and
establish long-term relationship with foreign Buyer.
No training Institution: There are no such courses designed in any of the

public or private educational institutions of our country which can give
employees training specifically to perform their job. As a result people
usually coming to this field are from different background. They are usually
unskilled and inexperienced. Fleeting tendency of Employees has a very high
tendency to switch their jobs. This may be because of their poor salary
structure and no service benefit. As a result whenever they find any better
offer they try to switch they exist one.
Lack of career development: Employees involved with this industry have

fewer chances for career development because of small structure of the
industry. As a result less people are interested to come to this field.
4. Dictatorship of employer: Employers are usually autocratic with

their subordinate employees as a result of which employees are often
demotivated to work. They feline they are always under pressure.
No Trade Union: As the employees of this industry do not have any union
to support their claims, the employers always neglect their demands.
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Rules and Regulations: There are also no written rules and regulation for
operating this industry. As a result, people involved in this industry operating
their business according to their willingness.
Insufficient and Poor Backward linkage: Threat, button, cartoon,

backboard these are treated as accessory of garments product. Industries of
these products are treated as backward linkage industry of garment exports.
Most of the times supply these accessories to garment manufacturers. But
due to insufficient number of factories, they face difficulties to supply these
accessories on time.
Recommendations:
Due to low labor productivity Bangladesh is competitive, with low value and
thus low- priced items, at the lower end of the RMG market. RMG production
is concentrated in a relatively limited range of products such as shirts, Tshirts, trousers, and shorts. To be internationally competitive, Bangladesh
needs to expand its product range and should begin producing fashion-wear
and higher value-added items. Product diversification is essential to meet the
challenges of the world. Encouragement for relocation of factories outside
main urban areas, with serviced plots being made available and adequate
supervision to ensure that factories are functionally designed. The company
should provide money to its employee to develop' communication skill in
particular language in order to communicate with foreign buyers. Company
should introduce service bonus or service benefit in order to encourage and
motivate their employee. Government of our country should also provide
incentives to develop backward linkage industry of RMG export, for the
smooth supply of accessories by buying house to garment factories.
Conclusion:
Garment industry is controlled by the transfer of production. The

globalization of garment production started earlier and has expanded more
than that of any other factory. Prime International Limited has always been
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dedicated to its customer service. The global economy is now controlled by

the transfer of production where firms of developed countries swing their
attention to developing countries. The garment industry of Bangladesh has
been the key export division and a main source of foreign exchange for the
last 35 years. Many people have earned their livelihood through this industry.
There may be gender discrimination, low wage level exists in the garments
industry, but still, they supply employment for all of these people who come
here to live. The Ready Made Garment industry in Bangladesh is made up of
3,486 manufacturers and accounts for 76% of total foreign exchange
earnings. It employs about 180,000 managers and 1.5 Million workers, of
whom 1.2 Million are women. In Bangladesh, the RMG industry has emerged
as a major economic sector and has had its impact on the financial services
sector, communications, transportation, and on other related industries. The
RMG industry has had a major social impact. It has empowered 1.2 million
women with employment and economic independence, which in turn has
earned for Bangladesh recognition as a modern and enlightened society. The
surface-level competitive performance of the Bangladesh RMG industry is
rather good, as indicated by quantitative expansions of its exports to major
international markets over the time period. Moreover, the industry has
already initiated the process of enhancing its deep-level competitive
performance.
Prime International Limited has always been dedicated to its customer

service. The success of the company is based on its managements devotee
and innovative attitude and firm commitment to its ultimate goal. Prime
International Limited plays an important role in our economic life.
Merchandising within a retail outlet creates product awareness and works to
associate products with one another. For instance, a customer shopping for a
new computer may want speakers to connect to that computer. Successful
merchandising places speakers in visual range of the computers, raising
customer awareness of the product and potentially increasing sales. The
psychological impact of merchandising drives up sales, generates product
awareness, creates a comfortable visual environment for the customer and
pumps money into the retail outlet. It can also affect the way people see
certain products, thus influencing future purchasing decisions.
Page 21

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Term Sheet: Application of Accounting in a Merchandising Business (Prime International

Our report focuses on the Application of Accounting in a

To prepare a financial statement, an organization must start its work from

Background of the Study:

Term Sheet: Application of Accounting in a Merchandising Business (Prime International

Objective of the Report:

To know about Merchandising Business- Prime International Limited and

To know about how they records transactions, and make financial

To develop the concept about the various aspects of the organizational

To identify the present condition of Prime International Limited.

To know how they issued share, record and reports it.

Methodology of the Report:

Term Sheet: Application of Accounting in a Merchandising Business (Prime International

We cannot collect sufficient information about Prime International Limited.

Term Sheet: Application of Accounting in a Merchandising Business (Prime International

Term Sheet: Application of Accounting in a Merchandising Business (Prime International

Prime International Limited: Since the establishment, Prime International

Mission and Vision of Prime International Limited:

The vision of Prime International Limited is to provide services which

The mission of Prime International Limited is the realization of Vision

To be the market leader of the trade.

Term Sheet: Application of Accounting in a Merchandising Business (Prime International

To handle the requirement of the customers both profitably to them and to

Factory visiting service is available when necessary.

A perfect solution will be efficiently presented by the PILs (Prime

Value-added service ensures its customers high profits and advantage in a

To employ resources as incendiary for the growth of RMG sector.

To provide standard services.

Term Sheet: Application of Accounting in a Merchandising Business (Prime International

Strategic View of Prime International Limited:

A truly international outlook for exporting.

Professional Service of Prime International Limited: The policies and

Global sourcing solution for our customer: Prime International Limited

Quality Service: Quality leads flavor in PILs business existence as quality

Multiple Midterm inspection

Term Sheet: Application of Accounting in a Merchandising Business (Prime International

Prime International Limited Maintains standard quality in every step of

Communication & Coordination: Communication & Coordination are the

Development and Sampling: This is an important sector in our service.

Effective and Strong Management: On time delivery is very important to

Sourcing for all of accessories and Fabrics

Term Sheet: Application of Accounting in a Merchandising Business (Prime International

Shipping work instruction

Functional Departments of Prime International Limited: All the

Accessory supply department.

Term Sheet: Application of Accounting in a Merchandising Business (Prime International

This department of merchandising department is responsible for the

Introduce letter: After finding suitable buyers this department issues an

Cost of Making: CM is another important activity that stands for Cost of

Select supplier: Merchandising department recognizes the effectiveness, of

Term Sheet: Application of Accounting in a Merchandising Business (Prime International

department to meet the desired standard of the products. Two people

4. Accessory supply department:

For a smooth manufacturing, the assurance of on time delivery of fabric and

Although named as production department, this service department rather

Term Sheet: Application of Accounting in a Merchandising Business (Prime International

Quality monitor and control: This dept. supervises the manufacturing

Perpetual Inventory Systems for Merchandising Businesses:

Merchandise Transactions in a Perpetual Inventory System:

June 5. Prime International Limited purchased $30,000 of merchandise on

Term Sheet: Application of Accounting in a Merchandising Business (Prime International

June 8. Returned merchandise purchased on account from Owen Clothing

Accounts PayableOwen Clothing