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SMD INDUCTOR
Capacitors
Capacitor Polar stored energy electrostatically and to be come energy reserves when power spike coming
.
Boot strap device have a biggest power spike and making trouble on boot up process .A lot of case found
when power spike happen to (VCCORE) processor and graphic chip power . make a system down on
boot process ,That happen on Toshiba series blue screen trouble or other no post Laptop problem.Adding
some more capacitor on VCCORE and VCCP power are alternated to avoid power spike
Polimer Capacitor
Diode
diode is a two-terminal electronic component with asymmetric conductance; it has low (ideally zero)
resistance to current in one direction, and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other. A semiconductor
diode, the most common type today, is a crystalline piece of semiconductor material with a pn junction
connected to two electrical terminals.[5] A vacuum tube diode has two electrodes, a plate (anode) and a
heated cathode. Semiconductor diodes were the first semiconductor electronic devices
Resistor
Resistors
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit
element. Resistors act to reduce current flow, and, at the same time, act to lower voltage levels within
circuits. In electronic circuits resistors are used to limit current flow, to adjust signal levels, bias active
elements, terminate transmission lines among other uses. High-power resistors that can dissipate many
watts of electrical power as heat may be used as part of motor controls, in power distribution systems, or
as test loads for generators. Fixed resistors have resistances that only change slightly with temperature,
time or operating voltage. Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements (such as a volume
control or a lamp dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or chemical activity.
P Channel Mosfet
Use For Power amplifier for ADP (adapter) and Battery Fet
N Channel Mosfet
Battery charger
Embedded controler
Embedded systems are also set based on the input signal
when to instruct perform laptop battery charging system, this
signal is usually referred to BAT_IN and active when the
battery is installed, this detection will give the order to make the
filling by sending a signal CHG_Enable Charger IC.
Embedded systems are so much involved in laptop
motherboard, they set up almost the entire input-output
communication interface in sircuit.
Beginning with a switching system in which the EC receives
signals EC_ON for Embedded activated controlering and turn
signal VS (State enabled) then sends a signal to activate the
gate driver power state based on pre-defined sequence.
Embedded systems also receive input detection sensors turn
off the heat and power system if the temprature exceed
specified limits .
Analogized as the brain of a device / product that is programmed to be able to interact with the
surrounding environment, as prescribed by the microcontroller .The system is often referred to as
embeddedsystem control systems that are embedded in a product.
Embedded System can not stand Alone
Physically, the workings of a microcontroller can be described as a cycle of reading instructions stored in
memory. Microcontroller will determine the address of the program memory to be read, and the process of
reading the data in its memory. Then the data is read interpreted as a command called the program
counter.
Microcontroller need to trigger the CPU clock oscillator working on one instruction to the next
instruction .Each small step from membuthkan microcontroller operation time of one or several clock
cycles to run.
Embedded systems are also set based on the input signal when to instruct perform laptop battery
charging system, this signal is usually referred to BAT_IN and active when the battery is installed, this
detection will give the order to make the filling by sending a signal CHG_Enable Charger IC.
Embedded systems are so much involved in laptop motherboard, they set up almost the entire inputoutput communication interface in sircuit.
Beginning with a switching system in which the EC receives signals EC_ON for Embedded activated
controlering and turn signal VS (State enabled) then sends a signal to activate the gate driver power state
based on pre-defined sequence.
Embedded systems also receive input detection sensors turn off the heat and power system if the
temprature exceed specified limits
A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the mechanical resonance
of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very
precise frequency.This frequency is commonly used to keep track of time (as in quartz
wristwatches), to provide a stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits, and to
stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers. The most common type of
piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz crystal, so oscillator circuits incorporating
them became known as crystal oscillators,[1] but other piezoelectric materials including
polycrystalline ceramics are used in similar circuits.
Quartz crystals are manufactured for frequencies from a few tens of kilohertz to
hundreds of megahertz. More than two billion crystals are manufactured annually. Most
are used for consumer devices such as wristwatches, clocks, radios, computers, and
cellphones. Quartz crystals are also found inside test and measurement equipment,
such as counters, signal generators, and oscilloscopes.
Crystal Characteristics: Typical 32.768 kHz crystals have an operating temperature
ceiling of 60 C, thus limit the test temperature accordingly. In addition, the
temperature coefficient of these crystals can cause time-loss of approximately 3 sec/
day at 60 C.
Fork Capacitor Tuning: The timekeeping of the RTC is dependent on the RTCX1 input
voltage swing. Oscillation that is marginal may result in failure to meet Vih of this input
and thus ticks of the clock may be missed resulting in time-loss. Optimum Vpp of this
RTCX1 signal is achieved by accurately matching the crystals C-load specification
(typically 12 pF).
Board Leakage: Since this circuit operates at such low current, it is very sensitive to
sources of leakage on the motherboard. Manufacturing residue can cause leakage as
well as condensation on the board encountered during temperature and/or humidity
testing.
Timekeeping Baseline Device: Time of motherboards is typically compared to a
baseline device, like a watch or other baseline clock device believed to be accurate. The
case is that most timekeeping devices like this are not sufficiently accurate. This can
cause an additional source of error
Heat will damage the crystal when reworking the boards. Follow the specification of the
crystal to set the right temperature for operation.
Crystal clock Oscilator CLOCK SUMMARY
(1) 32.768KHz to SIO Required +V_RTC and to ICH(chipset) also Required +V_RTC
(2) 49.152MHz to (audio controller) Required +V3S
(3) 27MHz : to Graphicchip (video controller)Required +V3S
(4) 14.318MHz : X1 to (clock Generator) Required +V3S
Make sure crystal is oscillating for EC(SIO),SB/ICH/PCH and VGA or it will no post
Clock Generator
Elementary required
1) Power : +V3S
(2) Crystal : 14.318MHz
(3) Control : PCISTOP# , CPUSTOP#_ is HI
When +VCC_CORE is ready, CLKEN#will go high to enable clock-Generator and turn all clock.
PCI_STOP# and CPU_STOP# must beat high otherwise some clocks will be turned off.
Since the RTC circuit is very sensitive and requires high accuracy oscillations,
reasonable care must be taken during the layout and routing of the RTC circuit. Some
recommendations are:
Reduce trace capacitance by minimizing the RTC trace length. The ICH/PCH requires a trace length less
than 1 inch on each branch (from crystals terminal to RTCXn pin). Routing the RTC circuit should be kept
simple to reduce the trace length measurement and increase accuracy on calculating trace capacitances.
Trace capacitance depends on the trace width and dielectric constant of boards material. On FR-4, a 5mil trace has approximately 2 pF per inch.
Trace signal coupling must be reduced. Avoid routing noisy periodic signals close and parallel to RTCX1,
RTCX2, and VBIAS.
Ground referencing is highly recommended.
The Real Time Clock (RTC) updates the computers time and generates interrupts for periodic
events and pre-set alarm. The RTC also makes hardware leap year corrections. The SBs RTC
includes a 256-byte CMOS RAM, which is used to store the configuration of a computer such as
the number and type of disk drive, graphics adapter, base memory, checksum value, etc.
Functional Blocks of RTC
The internal RTC is made of two partsone part is an analog circuit, powered by a battery
VBAT, and the other is a digital circuit, powered by a main power VDD. Figure 1show the
block diagram of the internal RTC. The SB has added hardware-based daylight saving feature
and makes adjustments (spring forward or fall back) at the designated dates/times.
Both the date and hour for the daylight and standard time are fully programmable, allowing for different
daylight saving dates and hours for different parts of the world.
operates at a very small current. Care must be taken when working with this circuit.
To ensure the accuracy of the ICH/PCH RTC circuit for each specific board design and
RTC circuit layout, the external load capacitance should be optimized by choosing
correct values of the tuning fork capacitors C1/C2.
The occurrence of time-loss under environmental stress conditions is dependent on
motherboard factors (cleanliness, discrete component characteristics, layout, fork
capacitor values), and condensation. If time-loss is observed on your system, check all
of the sources of inaccuracy listed in this document to improve immunity of the internal
ICH/PCH oscillator to time loss.
Before Checking VCCORE IC this Memory Terminator should active otherwise Enable signal for VCCORE
IC wont present.
Thermal Sensor IC