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Water-based Coatings
Technical Information 1125
Table of contents
Page
Introduction
Dispersion of AEROSIL
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
10
5.4.1
12
5.4.2
14
5.5
14
16
18
1Introduction
hydrophilic
AEROSIL 200
hydrophobic
AEROSIL R 816
AEROSIL 300
AEROSIL
COK 84
3 Application of AEROSIL
in Water-based Coatings
rheology
suspension behavior
dispersibility of pigments
pigment stabilization
adhesion
abrasion resistance
corrosion protection
water resistance
AEROSIL R 972
AEROSIL R 974
AEROSIL R 805
AEROSIL R 812
AEROSIL R 812 S
4 Dispersion of AEROSIL
wt.%
16.75
Water
1.65
Defoamer
1.23
AEROSIL 200
0.60
Letdown media
Acrylate-Dispersion, 44% in water
52.87
Water
3.72
Defoamer
0.23
Curing agent
Isocyanate, hydrophilic / Isocyanate,
hydrophobic 1:1 (80% in MPA)
Total
22.95
100.00
Primers
Fillers
Base Coats
Clear Coats
Top Coats
Extensive testing has shown that adding 0.51.0% AEROSIL,
relative to the total coating formulation, is appropriate. These
concentrations should be regarded as reference values only,
and must be amended if required. The following examples
illustrate how AEROSIL can be used in various water-based
coating systems.
Original
AEROSIL R 812 S
Figure 1
Table 2 Positive influence of AEROSIL on the rheological characteristics. Primer based on an oil-free, saturated polyester/melamine resin
AEROSIL R 972
AEROSIL related to
total formulation
[%]
3 rpm
30 rpm
0.6
1100
568
Viscosity [mPas]
Shearrate
Max. attainable
wetfilm thickness
[ m]
1.9
150
AEROSIL R 805
0.6
1620
681
2.4
175
AEROSIL R 812
0.6
2200
892
2.5
200
AEROSIL R 812 S
0.9
3385
1091
3.1
300
AEROSIL R 816
0.6
1560
695
2.2
150
without AEROSIL
671
411
1.6
125
Figure 2
2200
Adhesion in N/cm2
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
R 972
R 805
R 812 S
AEROSIL Grade
R 816
without
AEROSIL
AEROSIL 200
100 m
AEROSIL R 816
100 m
AEROSIL R 972
100 m
AEROSIL R 805
100 m
AEROSIL R 812 S
125 m
without AEROSIL
75 m
Figure 4
Viscosity [Pa s ]
150
without AEROSIL
50 Pa
1 Pa
3
2
1
0
100
100
50
Shear Rate [1/s]
Viscosity [Pa s ]
200
300
400
500
Time in s
without AEROSIL
Figure 6 shows the effect of 0.5% AEROSIL on the rheological properties of a base coat. An additional criterion for assessing the quality of a coating structure is the intercoat adhesion.
For example, good adhesion between base coat and clear coat
must be guaranteed.
Figure 6
250
Wet-film thickness in m
230
210
190
170
150
200
R 972
R 805
R 812 S
R 816
AEROSIL Grade
without
AEROSIL
Figure 5
Adhesion in N/cm2
(intermediate adhesion)
3250
3000
2750
2500
2250
2000
200
R 972
R 805
A
R 812 S
rade
R 816
without
AEROSIL
10
The following two coating systems illustrate that for an otherwise identical formulation, pigment addition alone can be
the crucial factor determining whether hydrophilic or hydrophobic AEROSIL possesses the greater rheological action. In
the unpigmented coatings the hydrophilic AEROSIL 200 has
significantly greater rheological action than the highly hydrophobic AEROSIL R 812 S. Simply by incorporating a pigment/
filler mixture into an otherwise identical formulation, the result
changes to the extent that the hydrophobic AEROSIL is then
more effective. For example this reversal can be detected in a
two component coating based on acrylate/isocyanate or in a
stoving coating based on PUR-dispersion/ melamine resin
(see Figure 811).
Viscosity [Pa s]
Viscosity [Pa s]
50
AEROSIL 200
100
Shear Rate [1/s]
100
100
200
Time in s
AEROSIL R 812 S
400
500
AEROSIL R 812 S
150
with pigments/fillers
50 Pa
1 Pa
3
2
1
0
100
200
Time in s
300
Viscosity [Pa s]
Viscosity [Pa s]
0.5
with pigments/fillers
50
1 Pa
AEROSIL 200
AEROSIL R 812 S
50 Pa
1.0
150
without pigments/fillers
1.5
AEROSIL 200
300
400
500
AEROSIL R 812 S
11
Shear stress crack tests were carried out also on these clear
coat, corresponding to the viscosity measurements described
in Section 5.2. Figure 14 shows the variation in viscosity for a
load of = 67 Pa and after the load had been abruptly reduced
to = 6 Pa. Viscosity recovery was measured via this step
function.
Wet-film thickness in m
250
200
150
100
200
R 972
R 805
R 812 S
R 816
AEROSIL Grade
Figure 13
without
AEROSIL
Viscosity [mPa s ]
1000
800
600
400
200
0
50
AEROSIL R 816
150
250
Time in s
350
450
without AEROSIL
Figure 14
12
Figure 15
Acrylat-Dispersion/Melamine Resin
20 Reflectometer Value
Black Value MY
20 Reflectometer Value
Black Value MY
AEROSIL 200
87
274
91
286
AEROSIL R 972
87
276
92
286
AEROSIL R 805
86
276
91
286
AEROSIL R 812 S
86
274
92
287
AEROSIL R 816
87
275
91
289
without AEROSIL
88
275
91
287
13
Figure 16
Viscosity [mPa s ]
2500
200 Pa
20 Pa
2000
1500
1000
500
0
100
200
300
400
60 Reflectometer
Value
AEROSIL 200
74
88
AEROSIL R 972
74
88
AEROSIL R 805
73
88
AEROSIL R 812 S
74
88
AEROSIL R 816
74
88
without AEROSIL
75
87
500
Time in s
Table 6
1.0 % AEROSIL 200
without AEROSIL
14
60 Reflectometer
Value
AEROSIL COK 84
92
97
AEROSIL 200
91
95
AEROSIL R 816
91
96
without AEROSIL
92
96
Wet-film thickness in m
225
175
125
75
200
R 972
R 805
R 812 S
R 816
AEROSIL Grade
Figure 18
without
AEROSIL
3.0
2000
1500
1.5
1000
500
0
200
R 972
R 805
R 812 S
AEROSIL Grade
Viscosity at 3rpm
Viscosity [mPa s ]
Figure 19
R 816
without
AEROSIL
0.0
Shear Rate
1500
2.5
1200
2.0
900
1.5
600
1.0
300
0.5
Viscosity [mPa s ]
2500
200
COK 84
AEROSIL Grade
Viscosity at 3rpm
R 816
without
AEROSIL
0.0
Shear Rate
15
AEROSIL 300 shows greater efficiency of rheological
products, and is therefore preferred for improving pigment dispersibility or for increasing pigment stability,
and in some cases also for controlling rheology.
16
AEROSIL
200
Testmethod
300
Behaviorinthe
presence of water
380
COK 84
R 972
R 974
hydrophilic
R 805
R 812
R 812S
slightly
hydrophobic
hydrophobic
Appearance
R 816
fluffywhitepowder
BET surfacearea1
Tamped density
m2/g
175225
270330
350410
140200
90130
150190
125175
230290
230290
170210
50
50
50
50
50
50
60
60
60
60
approx. value
g/l
Loss on drying
(2 h at 105 C)
at leaving plant site
pH value4
1.5
1.5
2.0
1.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1.0
3.74.5
3.74.5
3.74.5
3.64.5
4.05.5*
3.85.0
3.55.5
5.58.0
5.59.0
4.05.5
0.71.0
0.81.4
4.56.5
2.03.0
3.04.0
0.91.8
C content5
SiO2
>99.8
>99.8
>99.8
8286
>99.8
>99.8
>99.8
>99.8
>99.8
>99.8
Al2O37
0.03
0.03
0.03
1418
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
Fe2O37
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.100
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
TiO2 7
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
HCI
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.100
0.050
0.050
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
18
This information and any recommendations, technical or otherwise, are presented in good faith and
believed to be correct as of the date prepared.
Recipients of this information and recommendations
must make their own determination as to its suitability for their purposes. In no event shall Evonik
assume liability for damages or losses of any kind or
nature that result from the use of or reliance upon
this information and recommendations. EVONIK
EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATIONS
AND WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE ACCURACY,
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other companies is neither a recommendation nor
an endorsement of the corresponding product, and
does not imply that similar products could not be
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to the information and/or recommendations at any
time, without prior or subsequent notice.
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Evonik Corporation
Business Line Silica
299 Jefferson Road
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TI 1125-1JUL15