Challenges for ECBC Implementation in

India
AEEE Webinar
Prof. Roshni Udyavar Yehuda
Rachana Sansads Institute of Environmental Architecture

11 September 2014

Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Why ECBC?
Overview of ECBC
Compliance Approaches
Implementation Process & Status in States
Enforcement of ECBC in States
Approaches three models
Proposed Model for Maharashtra
Stakeholders & their Role
Key issues & challenges

Project on preparing a roadmap for implementation of

Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) in MAHARASHTRA

Why ECBC?

Source: Projection Report census 2001

Why ECBC?
All India Annual Per Capita Consumption Of Electricity
900
778.63

800

813.29

700

Units

600

592

500
400
300
200
100
0

2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Year

Steady growth in per capita energy consumption in India

Source: Central Electrical Authority, Power Scenario 2012

Why ECBC?
Water Pumping
5.14%
Hoardings 2kW
and above
0.16%

Residential Buildigns
200 KW connected
load
41.20%

Street Lighting
0.37%
Govt. Buildings
1.30%

Commercial Buildigns
100 KVA & above
51.83%

Sector-wise Consumption in 2009-10 for Maharashtra - MEDA

Source: MEDA

Why ECBC?
Estimates based on simulation models indicate ECBC compliant buildings
can use 40 60% less energy than conventional buildings
It is projected that a nationwide mandatory enforcement of ECBC will yield
annual energy savings to the tune of 1.7 billion kwh
At the lowest estimate, this implies an annual saving of nearly Rs. 6 billion;
with new rates for commercial establishments, this amount would be far higher

1 kWh of electricity generated at thermal power station emits 3015 Kcal

of waste heat, 1Kg of CO2, 0.6 Kg of NO2, 0.09 Kg of CO, 0.007 Kg of SO2
and generates 0.201 Kg of flash ash. this would imply nearly 1.7
million tons of Carbon Di oxide

Why ECBC?
It has been estimated that the implementation of ECBC
for commercial buildings with connected load above
100kW, will lead to energy savings to the tune 65
Million units which can supply electricity to 40,000
rural families for a year without additional installation
of power plants, at current rate of commercial growth
in cities.
The objective of ECBC is to provide minimum requirements for
energy efficient design and design of buildings and their systems

Source: RSIEA, Maharashtra ECBC

Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC)

The Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC 2007)

launched by BEE prescribes minimum standards to achieve energy efficiency in
buildings
Central Government have power to notify building as designated consumers in
consultation with BEE under section 14(e) of the Energy Conservation Act 2001.
Central Government and state governments may direct such designated
consumers to comply with provisions of ECBC for efficient use of energy under
section 14 (r) and 15 (b) respectively in all States.

SCOPE OF ECBC
New buildings with:
Connected load in excess of 100 kW OR
Contract demand in excess of 120 kVA

Also applies to Additions & Major Renovations when:

Addition + Existing building area > 1000 m2
Renovated portions of a 1000 m2 or larger building

On conflict with safety regulations, safety regulations

will precede

ECBC: TYPES OF BUILDING COVERED

Large Commercial Buildings

Office Buildings
Large Amenity Buildings
IT Parks
Government Buildings
Hospitals
Retail Malls
Hotels
Major Residential Buildings

Applicable Building Systems

Steps to meet ECBC compliance

Building Applying
For ECBC Compliance
Compliance
Approaches

Meet Mandatory
Provisions of
Sections 4-8

Prescriptive
Method

balance of some low performance

components with other higher
performance components

Trade-off option
(for ENVELOPE only)

Provides minimum
performance requirements

ECBC Compliance

4.2 ENVELOPE
5.2 HVAC
6.2 SERVICE HOT
WATER & PUMPING

7.2 LIGHTING
8.2 ELECTRICAL
POWER

Whole Building
Performance
Method

Flexibility in meeting or exceeding energy

efficiency requirements (as compared to a
baseline building)

ECBC compliance approaches

Prescriptive Requirements

Max u-factor & max SHGC as per climate & WWR for vertical fenestration & wall

ECBC compliance approaches

Mandatory & Prescriptive Requirements
STANDING LOSS IN STORAGE TYPE ELECTRIC WATER
HEATER AS PER IS 2082 PART 1

Whole Building Performance Method

Alternate to Prescriptive Requirements
Requires energy simulation of proposed building, in simulation program as specified
Annual energy use calculated in kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity use per year
Allows use of any combination of specifications related to envelope and equipment
Accepts only hourly simulation i.e 8760 hours

Predicted Annual energy use of Proposed Design < energy use in Standard Design
Standard design = as per Prescriptive Approach

Documentation:
o
o
o
o

Annual energy use for the Proposed Design & Standard Design
List of energy-related building features in Proposed Design different from
Standard
Input and output report from the simulation program
Explanation of any error messages

Overview of ECBC Mandatory Requirements

ENVELOPE
Fenestration
Opaque
Construction
Building
Envelope
Sealing

HVAC
Natural
Ventilation
Minimum
Equipment
Efficiencies
Controls
Piping And
Ductwork
System
Balancing

SHW&P
Solar Water
Heating
Equipment
Efficiency
Supplementar
y Water
Heating
System
Piping
Insulation
Heat Traps

Condensers
Swimming
Pools
Compliance
Documentatio
n

LIGHTING
Lighting
Control

ELECTRICAL
POWER

Transformers

Exit Signs

Energy
Efficient
Motors

Exterior
Building
Grounds
Lighting

Power Factor
Correction
Check
Metering &
Monitoring
Power
Distribution
Systems

Overview of ECBC Prescriptive Requirements

ENVELOPE
Roofs
Opaque Walls
Vertical
Fenestration
Skylights

OR TRADE-OFF
OPTION

HVAC
Prescriptive As Per
Specs Given OR
ASHRAE 90.1-2004

LIGHTING

Economizers

Building Area
Method
OR
Space Function
Method

Variable Flow
Hydronic Systems

Installed Interior
Lighting Power

Exterior Lighting
Power

APPLICABLE BUILDING SYSTEM

Mandatory Requirements
Indicates applicability during
DESIGN STAGE and
possibility to check during
design stage and
CONSTRUCTION

Indicates undertaking at
design stage; but applicability
and possibility to check
during/ POST
CONSTRUCTION

Indicates undertaking at
design stage; but applicability
and possibility to check POST
INSTALLATION/ OCCUPANCY

APPLICABLE BUILDING SYSTEM

Prescriptive Requirements
Indicates applicability during
DESIGN STAGE and
possibility to check during
design stage and
CONSTRUCTION

Indicates undertaking at
design stage; but applicability
and possibility to check
during/ POST
CONSTRUCTION

Indicates undertaking at
design stage; but applicability
and possibility to check POST
INSTALLATION/ OCCUPANCY

ENVELOPE
Mandatory Requirements
FENESTRATION
including sash & frame

OPAQUE CONSTRUCTION
walls & roofs

U-FACTOR

U-FACTOR

Take rated in accordance with ISO

15099 by lab.
For unrated from table

From table or follow ASHRAE

Fundamentals 2005.

SHGC
Take rated in accordance with ISO
15099 by lab.

AIR LEAKAGE
Max 5.0 l/s m2 for swinging &
revolving.
Max 2.0 l/s m2 for other fenestration &
doors

BUILDING ENVELOPE
SEALING
Air leakage minimized by sealing
joints / openings in envelope / doors /
windows

HVAC
Mandatory Requirements
NATURAL VENTILATION
As per guidelines in NBC 2005.
- Part 8, 5.4.3 (design guidelines for
natural ventilation) and
- 5.7.1.1 (energy conservation in
ventilation system) (pg 787)

MINIMUM EQUIPMENT
EFFICIENCES
Chillers COP & Integrated Part-Load
Value > in table.
Miscellaneous equipment should
follow ASHRAE 90.1 2004 6.4.1
(pg32)

- Unitary Air Conditioner should meet

IS 1391 (Part 1),
- Split air conditioner should meet IS
1391 (Part 2),
- Packaged air conditioner should
meet IS 8148,
- Boilers should meet IS 13980 with
above 75% thermal efficiency.

CONTROLS

TIME CLOCK
- Time clock for starts-stops for 3
different day types,
- Retain settings at least 10 hrs
during power loss,
- 2 hrs manual override
Exceptions cooling system < 8 tons
and heating system < 2 tons

TEMPERATURE CONTROL
If heating & cooling from same
system controls with dead band
of 30C.
If separate heating & cooling
thermostats interlocked.

CONTROLS FOR COOLING

TOWERS & CLOSED CIRCUIT
FLUID COOLERS
Control speed of motor on cooling
tower fan & pump, with two speed
motors / pony motors / variable speed
drives.

HVAC
Mandatory Requirements
PIPING AND DUCTWORK

SYSTEM BALANCING

CONDENSERS

Construction documents should show

HVAC systems are balanced wrt
engineering standards

PIPING
Piping insulation to meet minimum
R-value of insulation as per table.
Exposed insulation protected by
aluminum sheet metal/ painted
canvas / plastic cover.

DUCTWORK
Ductwork insulation as per table.

AIR SYSTEM BALANCING

Airflow rates adjusted to minimize
throttling losses.
Fan speed to meet design flow
conditions, manually / automatically
(for fans > 0.75kW / 1 hp)

CONDENSER LOCATIONS
located such:
- no restriction to air flow around
condenser coils,
- no short-circuiting of discharge air to
intake side and
- heat discharge of adjacent
equipment not near air intake of
condenser.

HYDRONIC SYSTEM
BALANCING
Water flow rates adjusted to 1st
minimize throttling losses & then
pump speed to meet design flow
conditions, manually / automatically

Exceptions - Pump motor < 7.5kW

(10hp), if throttling less than 5% hp
draw / 3hp.

TREATED WATER FOR

CONDENSERS
Soft water for condensers & chilled
water systems in all high-rises with
centralized cooling water system.

SHW&P
Mandatory Requirements
SOLAR WATER
HEATING
For at least 1/5th design
capacity for residential,
hotel, hospital with
centralized system.
Exception System using
heat recovery for at least
1/5th design capacity

HEAT TRAPS

Provide on inlet & outlet

piping serving storage water
heaters and storage tanks.

EQUIPMENT
EFFICIENCY
SHW equipment should >
min. as per IS.
Solar water heater min.
efficiency level IS 13129 Part
(1&2),
- Gas Instantaneous Water
heaters minimum efficiency
level IS 15558 - above 80%
thermal efficiency,
- Electric water heater
minimum efficiency level IS
2082

SUPPLEMENTARY
WATER HEATING
SYSTEM

PIPING INSULATION

- Maximum heat recovery

from condensers of ac units,
- gas fired heaters where gas
available,
- electric heater - last resort

Storage tanks, pipeline

insulation to meet minimum
R-value insulation as per
HVAC.

SWIMMING POOLS

COMPLIANCE
DOCUMENTATION

Heated pools to have vapour

retardant pool cover;

Approval application must

show calculations for:
20% heating to be met from
solar heat/heat recovery and
not more than 80% of heat
shall be met from electrical
heating;
If gas available not more
than 20% met from electrical
heating.

pools heated > 32 C

minimum insulation R2.1(R-12).
Exception pools using
60% from site recovered
energy / solar energy

LIGHTING
Mandatory Requirements
Applicable to building interior, exterior, exterior building ground.
Not applicable to emergency lighting normally off and dwelling units.

LIGHTING CONTROL

AUTOMATIC LIGHTING
SHUTOFF
Automatic control device for
Interior lighting > 500 sq.m;
Occupancy sensors for ceiling
ht. partition area < 30 sq.m.
Areas as specified.
Exception lighting designed
for 24hr use

SPACE CONTROL
At least 1 control device to
independently control lighting in
spaces wt ceiling ht. partition as
per details.

CONTROL IN
DAYLIGHTED AREAS
Manual / automatic control
device in daylight areas > 25
sq.m

LIGHTING CONTROL

EXTERIOR LIGHTING
CONTROL
Exterior applications to have
photo-sensor or
astronomical time switch to
turn off

ADDITIONAL CONTROL
Independent control device
for:
Display/Accent Lighting
Case Lighting
Hotel and Motel Guest Room
Lighting
Task Lighting
Nonvisual Lighting
Demonstration Lightin

EXIT SIGNS

Internallyilluminated exit
signs < 5W per
face

EXTERIOR BUILDING
GROUNDS LIGHTING
Minimum efficacy of lamp 60
lm/W for exterior lights which
operate at > 100 W;
except for motion sensor /
exemption.

ELECTRICAL POWER
Mandatory Requirements
TRANSFORMERS

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE
POWER TRANSFORMER
LOSSES

Minimum acceptable efficiency

at 50% & full load as per table.

Select to minimize initial cost +

present cost of total energy lost
during life.

MEASUREMENT AND
REPORTING OF
TRANSFORMER LOSSES

Calibrated digital meters

should be used to measure loss.
Class current transformers
(CTs) and potential
transformers (PTs) for
transformer of capacity of 500
kVA and above

ENERGY
EFFICIENT
MOTORS

POWER
FACTOR
CORRECTION

CHECKMETERING AND
MONITORING

POWER
DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEMS

- All polyphase
motors as
specified to have
minimum
acceptable
nominal full load
motor efficiency
not less than IS
12615,

Maintain
between 0.95
and 1 at point of
connection
(for electricity
supply
exceeding 100
A, 3 phase)

Buildings performance
should be measured,
Permanently installed
electrical metering
with different recording
requirements as per
kVA ranges.

Distribution
losses not to
exceed 1% of the
total power usage.

- for energy
efficient motors
comply with list.

ENVELOPE
Prescriptive Requirements
VERTICAL FENESTRATION
(also on slope >600)
WWR ; U-FACTOR & SHGC
WWR max 60%.
U-Factor & SHGC must meet max ufactor & max shgc based on climate
zone, from table.
For unrated use default from table.

OVERHANGS SHGC
AFFECTED
Adjusted SHGC calculated as SHGC
unshaded x Multiplication Factor (from
projection factor) for each orientation.
Exemptions SHGC if; 2.2m above
floor level & total effective aperture abv
1m, less than 0.25 AND interior light
shelf

VISUAL LIGHT
TRANSMITTANCE
Minimum VLT from table

SKY LIGHTS
slope <600
Max u-factor & max
SHGC from table

OPAQUE
WALLS

ROOFS

U-FACTOR / RVALUE
U-factor < max OR
R-Value > min from
table based on
building type &
climate zone.

U-FACTOR / R-VALUE
U-factor < max OR R-Value
> min from table based on
building type & climate zone.
Should not be located on
suspended ceiling with
removable ceiling panels.

COOL ROOFS
Roof with slope < 200 should
have Minimum Solar
reflectance 0.70 & Minimum
Emittance 0.75, in
accordance with ASTM
E903-96 & ASTM E40871(RA 1996) resp.

BUILDING ENVELOPE TRADE-OFF APPROACH

Trade-offs typically occur within major building systems roofs,
walls, fenestration, overhangs etc
Trade-offs are permitted only between building envelope
components
The trade-off option requires more calculations to be performed
by the user than prescriptive path.

It is necessary to calculate the surface area of each exterior and

semi-exterior surface; all areas must be calculated separately for
each orientation
Trade-off Option requires an Envelope Performance Factor (EPF)
to be determined

Implementation Process of ECBC at State Level

Implementation Status of ECBC

Rajasthan, Oddisha, Andhra
Pradesh, Uttrakhand and
the Union Territory (UT) of
Puducherry have issued
notifications for notified
ECBC for their states while
states like Uttar Pradesh,
Karnataka
and
have
amended their codes.
Punjab, Gujarat and Kerala
have
initiated
the
Notification Issued
process of
Notification Issued amendments
Notification Issued
ECBC for their states.
Notification in Progress
Notification in Progress
Amendment Initiation
Next for 2012-13
Source: CEPT

Enforcement of ECBC at State level

The State Governments can amend the ECBC to suit regional
and local climatic conditions (Section 14(q) and Section 15(a)
of the Act) as well as direct every owner or occupier of the
building or building complex, being designated consumer to
comply with the provisions of the ECBC for efficient use of
energy and its conservation(Section 14 (r) and Section 15 (b)
of the Act ).

Source: Energy Code Enforcement for Beginners: A Tiered Approach to Energy Code in India
Rajan Rawal, CEPT University, Prasad Vaidya, Vinay Ghatti and Alecia Ward, The Weidt Group, Sanjay Seth, Bureau of Energy Efficiency,
Govt. of India, Alpana Jain and Tara Parthasarathy, Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation.

Notification Process
BUREAU OF ENERGY
EFFICIENCY (BEE)

Confirmation of road map

and modified ECBC in local
language; intimate state
government urban
development department
for notification for
implementing ECBC in the
state.

MAHARASTHRA
ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
AGENCY (MEDA)

STATE URBAN
DEVELOPMENT
DEPARTMENT (UDD)

Prepares building byelaws &

development control
regulations and issues directives
U/S 154 of MRTP ACT to declare
modification U/S 37 of MRTP
Act and start implementing
ECBC in ULBs

URBAN LOCAL BODIES

(ULB)

Include provisions U/S 37 of

MRTP ACT. compliant with
ECBC
into Development
Control Regulations (DCR)

Notification Process

Notice of Intention Stage 1

Application for building
permission process along with
prescribed forms and building
plans complying all concern
regulations.

Stage 2
ULB Zone level Inward officer
receives OR Online submittal
of stage 1

Stage 3

Stage 4

Scrutiny thro Sub Engg. Checks

Drawings and Statements.
Payment of fees. Site visit if
needed. Obtain Survey Remarks.
Report to higher officers up-to
competent authority

Approval / Rejection by
Competent Authority Municipal Commissioner /
(Asst. Engg. to Director if
powers delegated) based on
Scrutiny Report

Stage 6
Commencement
Certificate
For work up-to Plinth

Stage 9
Occupation Certificate
On Completion of work as per
approved Drawings and further
compliance

Stage 3
Site visit by appointed concern
officer/Junior Engg.

Stage 5
If Approved
Take NOCs from concerned
Departments

Stage 7

Stage 8

Superstructure
Commencement
Certificate

Building Completion
Certificate

After further compliance

On Completion of work as
per approved Drawings and
OC

Typical Building
Permission Flowchart : in
Maharashtra

ECBC in Building Permission Process

ULB Zone level Inward

officer receives OR
Online submittal of Drawings
and Statements. After initial
approval submit hard/soft
copy.

Notice of Intention
For submission of proposal
to ULB

Submit drawings on specified

sizes with colour coding,
Specification of Material used,
from qualified ECBC Architect
/ Consultant

Site visit by concern

officer/Junior Engg. For
confirming existing land
use

Scrutiny to be done by
concern officer with
reference to ownership
documents and
certification

Approval / Rejection by
Competent Authority

Compliance of NOCs if
required from concerned
Departments

Commencement
Certificate
and
certification of work
up-to Plinth

Compliance check with

ECBC by ECBC Assesor
appointed by owner

Superstructure
Commencement
Certificate
After further compliance

Integration of design inputs

& climate zone specific
values towards ECBC and
Compliance

Amend DCR with ECBC

including scope and
applicability

Compliance check with

ECBC by ECBC Assesor
appointed by owner

Building Completion
Certificate
On Completion of work
as per approved
Drawings and further
compliance

Occupation Certificate
On Completion of work as
per approved Drawings and
certification from ECBC
Assesor

Post Occupancy
Compliance asseessed by
ECB Assesor appointed by
society / project
proponent

Implementation of ECBC DCR

Typical
Process
Intervention for
ECBC PROCESS

Climatic Zones of India

Identifies 5 climate
zones in India and
suggests
different
compliance
for
different zones

Hot Dry
Warm Humid
Composite
Temperate
Cold

Climate Classification for Maharashtra

Implementation Approaches 3 models

Approach 1: Urban Local Body (ULB) Model

Source: CEPT University

Approach 2: Third Party Assessment (TPA) Model

Source: CEPT University

Approach 3: ECBC Expert Committee (EEC) model

Source: CEPT University

Proposed Implementation model for

Maharashtra

ECBC Implementation Roadmap - Process

5 Stakeholder consultation and training conducted from
September 2013 to March 2014 with:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

Architects
Green Building Consultants
MEP Consultants
Energy Auditors & Consultants
Developers
Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)
Government organizations including
the Public Works Department (PWD)
Non-profit organizations
Professional Bodies
Power Utilities
Financial Institutions

Participants at the workshop

Prof. Shirish Deshpande

introduces ECBC implementation
process

Study of DCR process in Maharashtra, enforcement process, draft

notification & enforcement scheme with UDD, GoM

Climate classification for Maharashtra

COMPLIANCE & ASSESSMENT

proposed for Maharashtra
THROUGH ECBC ASSESSORS
Who will be accredited by MEDA
Who will be trained
Who will certify ECBC compliance to ULB

DIFFERENT STAGES OF ASSESSMENT

Design stage
Construction stage
Post-occupancy

Maharashtra Energy Development Agency (MEDA)

State Designated Agency
Urban Development Department (UDD) Mandates through Notification &
GR

IN ENFORCEMENT

STAKEHOLDERS

Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) Enforce ECBC implementation

Developer / Owner
Constructs new building / retrofits existing building
Architect/ Design Team
Comprises Architects, MEP Consultants, PMC Agencies etc.

MERC & Utility

Monitors consumption

Equipment Supplier
Provides equipment with necessary certification for products

ECBC Assessor
Assists and ascertain compliance of ECBC as a Third Party
Assessor

Role of ECBC Assessor

To Evaluate and Certify compliance as per compliance format
at different stages of assessment as per the Notification
Stages of assessment would be:
Design stage
Construction stage (construction as defined for achieving
incentives)
Post-occupancy stage
ECBC Assessor to submit documents and certification
simultaneously to ULBs and Monitoring Committee of MEDA

ECBC Assessor submits report to ULB

Compliance Procedure

Project which applies for ECBC

1
Appoint

Developer
with Project
within
Scope of
ECBC

Architect /
Consultant

6 Apply for Building

Completion Certificate
with Construction
Compliance Certificate

3 Application for
Development for owner
with Design Compliance
Certificate

3 Design
Compliance
Certificate
2
Appoint

5 Construction
Compliance Certificate

8Post Occupancy
Compliance Certificate

Urban
Local
Body

Urban
Local
Body

7 Issue Occupancy
Certificate only if
compliance achieved

4 Issues IOD / Commencement

Certificate, Plinth & further CC (if
applicable) after compliance with
other requirements - BAU

Construction
Stage

Design Stage

Urban
Local
Body

8 Submit
Post
Occupancy
Compliance
Certificate

Post Occupancy
Stage

ECBC accredited
professional accredited by
MEDA
Report Compliance/Violations

State Audit Cell under MEDA

UDD

MERC

MEDA

UTILITY

Independent inst. (building

energy efficiency)

Challenges in the Enforcement Process

Need for performance based approach collection of EPI
data
Prescriptive approach is simple to adopt, but for whole
building performance and Building simulation approach of
ECBC, training is required
Government buildings must set examples of ECBC
compliance; purchase of star rated equipment must be made
mandatory for such buildings.
Need to address the large stock of existing buildings and to
improve their energy performance.

Key Issues / Challenges

ECBC partial or total (tiered / in phases or total)
TPA or Assessors training, capacity building, accreditation,
credibility
Monitoring - at different stages of implementation
Types of buildings - user owned & core-and-shell

Existing mechanisms in ULB are inadequate to deal with

electrical load, etc.
Involvement of Utilities

Thank You