Verbal tenses

Presente simple:
(I you we- you(ustedes) they) read the newspaper
(he she it) reads the newspaper
Para conjugar verbos en tercera persona se agrega S al final como regla
general, excepciones:
Terminaciones en s, sh, th, ch, x se agrega es: wathes dashes
Terminaciones en o se aade es: goes does
Terminaciones en y precedida de consonante se cambia la y por i y se
aade es: fly--- flies study---studies
Have --- has
Do you run in the park everyday? Does he come to your house? Are you a
doctor? Is he a good person?
Presente continuo:
I am talking (yo estoy hablando)
(you we- you(ustedes) they) ARE talking
(he she it) IS talking
Are you eating? I am not eating now -- He is not(isnt ) learning French
I am going to Barcelona (yo estoy yendo a Barcelona)
I am having breakfast now and it's nine o'clock
Presente enfatico: enfatizar o recalcar a una afirmacin, sujeto + auxiliar +
forma bsica
I do study / Yo estudio! (realmente estudio, de verdad que estudio)
Presente perfecto:
sujeto + have/has + verbo (pasado participio)
(I you we- you(ustedes) they) HAVE eaten an apple.
(he she it) HAS bought me a car.
Negativo
sujeto + haven't/ hasnt + verbo (pasado participio)
Ellos no han estudiado para el examen. They havent studied for the test.
Pregunta
Have/has + sujeto + verbo (pasado participio)
Cul ha sido la mejor pelcula que has visto? Which has been the best film
you have ever seen?
Alguna vez en tu vida has tomado Tequila? Have you ever drunk Tequila?
Todava no he hecho mis deberes. I haven't done my homework yet
Presente perfecto continuo:
sujeto + have/has + been + verbo (ing)
(I you we- you(ustedes) they) HAVE BEEN eating an apple.

(he she it) HAS BEEN driving a car.

Afirmativo:
I have been studying for 2 hours this afternoon (He estado estudiando durante
2 horas esta tarde)
He has been working in this company since 2000.
Interrogativo:
Have you been studying for a long time? (Ha estado estudiando durante
mucho tiempo?)
Has he been working here for a long time?
How long has John been painting the house? (Cunto tiempo ha estado John
pintando la casa?)
Negativo:
No, I havent been studying for a long time.
No, he hasnt been working here for a long time (No, l no ha estado
trabajando aqu durante mucho tiempo.)
Pasado simple:
sujeto + verbo en pasado + complemento
pasado para verbos regulares:
Como regla general se aade ed si el verbo termina en e se aade d
ej. Listened, changed
Si la ltima vocal del verbo est formada por consonante-vocalconsonante, y es en esta ltima consonante donde recae el acento,
tenemos que doblar dicha consonante. Tambin si el verbo acaba en l
tenemos que doblarla. stop (parar) -> stopped
travel (viajar) -> travelled

They used pencils and paper / Utilizaron lpices y papel

Los verbos irregulares no cumplen las normas anteriores.
Negacin e interrogacin:
Se utiliza el auxiliar DID que indica el pasado, por lo que el verbo va en su
forma normal
Did you go to the party?
I didnt go to the party
Ej. Con verbos irregulares:
I bought this car last year / Compr este coche el ao pasado
They never drank alcohol / Nunca beban alcohol

Pasado continuo:
Affirmative: Subject + was/were + (verbo+ing)
Negative: Subject + wasnt/werent + present participle
Interrogative: Questions was/were + subject + present participle
(I he she- it) WAS PLAYING

(you - we you(ustedes) - they) WERE READING the news

- I was playing / Estuve jugando
- I was not playing / No estuve jugando
- Was I playing? / Estuve jugando?
- It was raining / Estaba lloviendo
- I was reading the newspaper while I was walking home / Estaba leyendo el
peridico mientras volva a casa caminando
Pasado perfecto:
Sujeto + HAD + verbo en participio pasado + complemento
Sujeto + HAD`NT + verbo en participio pasado + complemento
HAD + sujeto + verbo en participio pasado + complemento
- He had seen that movie twice before he came to this city.
- He hadnt given you the papers before you came here (el no te haba dado
los papeles antes de que vinieras ac)
- You had been eating a lot before my mother arrived at the kitchen (ud haba
estado comiendo mucho antes de que mi madre llegara a la cocina)
- Who has been studying English for 2 years? (Quien haba estado estudiando
ingles por dos aos?)
Pasado perfecto continuo:
Expresa un evento que empez en algun momento en el pasado, dur un
tiempo y termin en el pasado.
had + been + verbo + ing
- I had been studying Arabic at that time En aquel tiempo yo haba estado
estudiando rabe
- My mother had been cleaning the house all day Mi madre haba estado
limpiando la casa todo el da
- It had been raining all day Haba estado lloviendo todo el da
Futuro I:
Sujeto + will + verbo
We will read the newspaper
Will you play? / Jugars?
I will not (i won't) `play / no jugar
We'll go to the theater / Nosotros iremos al teatro
I won't play football / Yo no jugar al futbol
Otros futuros:
I am having lunch with a friend tomorrow.
I am visiting Paris next week.
We are having a party this weekend.
Afirmativo: Sujeto + verbo to be + going to + verbo infinitivo
Negativo: Sujeto + negativo del verbo to be + going to + verbo infinitivo
Pregunta: Verbo to be + going to + verbo infinitivo

Ejemplos:
I am going to buy a car / Yo me voy a comprar un coche
Its going to rain / Va a llover
Next summer I am going to study in France / El prximo verano, voy a estudiar
a Francia
GRADOS DEL ADJETIVO
Positivo: se usa el adjetivo en s; expresa la cualidad pura y simple. (Ex:
intelligent, shy, clever, useful)
Comparativo de:
a) Igualdad: as ........ as ........ (Ex: as intelligent as, etc)
b) Inferioridad: less ....... than ........ (Ex: less intelligent than, etc)
c) Superioridad: (dependiendo del nmero de slabas que tiene el adjetivo)
more ...... than ....... (Ex: more intelligent than)
-er ....... than ....... (Ex: shier than)
Si acaba en -y, -er: -er than ....... (Ex: cleverer than)
Si acaba en -re, -ful: more ...... than ....... (Ex: more useful than)
Superlativo: (tambin depende del nmero de slabas del adjetivo)
the most ....... (Ex: the most intelligent)
the ......-est (Ex: the shiest)
Si acaba en -y, -er: the ......-est (Ex: the cleverest)
Si acaba en -re, -ful: the most ....... (Ex: the most useful)

Infinitive

ARISE
AWAKE
BE
BECOME
BEGIN
BEND
BITE
BLEED
BREAK
BRING
BUILD
BURN
BUY

Past

AROSE
AWOKE
WAS/WERE
BECAME
BEGAN
BENT
BIT
BLED
BROKE
BROUGHT
BUILT
BURNT
BOUGHT

Participle

ARISEN
AWAKED
BEEN
BECOME
BEGUN
BENT
BITTEN
BLED
BROKEN
BROUGHT
BUILT
BURNT
BOUGHT

Meaning

ELEVARSE
DESPERTARSE
SER, ESTAR
LLEGAR A SER
EMPEZAR
DOBLAR
MORDER
SANGRAR
ROMPER
TRAER
CONSTRUIR
QUEMAR
COMPRAR

COME
DO
DRINK
DRIVE
EAT
FALL
FEEL
FLY
FORGET
FORGIVE
GIVE
GO
HAVE
HEAR
HIDE
KEEP
KNOW
LEARN
LEAVE
LOSE
MAKE
PAY
READ
RUN
SAY
SEE
SELL
SEND
SHOW
SING
SLEEP
SPEAK
SPEND
STEAL
TAKE
TEACH
TELL
THINK
WAKE
WEAR
WIN
WRITE

CAME
DID
DRANK
DROVE
ATE
FELL
FELT
FLEW
FORGOT
FORGAVE
GAVE
WENT
HAD
HEARD
HID
KEPT
KNEW
LEARNT
LEFT
LOST
MADE
PAID
READ
RAN
SAID
SAW
SOLD
SENT
SHOWED
SANG
SLEPT
SPOKE
SPENT
STOLE
TOOK
TAUGHT
TOLD
THOUGHT
WOKE
WORE
WON
WROTE

COME
DONE
DRUNK
DRIVEN
EATEN
FALLEN
FELT
FLOWN
FORGOTTEN
FORGIVEN
GIVEN
GONE
HAD
HEARD
HIDDEN
KEPT
KNOWN
LEARNT
LEFT
LOST
MADE
PAID
READ
RUN
SAID
SEEN
SOLD
SENT
SHOWN
SUNG
SLEPT
SPOKEN
SPENT
STOLEN
TAKEN
TAUGHT
TOLD
THOUGHT
WOKEN
WORN
WON
WRITTEN

VENIR
HACER
BEBER
CONDUCIR
COMER
CAER
SENTIR
VOLAR
OLVIDAR
PERDONAR
DAR
IR
HABER, TENER
OIR
ESCONDER
MANTENER
SABER
APRENDER
DEJAR, IRSE
PERDER
HACER
PAGAR
LEER
CORRER
DECIR
VER
VENDER
ENVIAR
MOSTRAR
CANTAR
DORMIR
HABLAR
GASTAR
ROBAR
TOMAR
ENSEAR
DECIR, CONTAR
PENSAR
DESPERTAR
LLEVAR, USAR
GANAR
ESCRIBIR