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Homework 1 of Math 220 due on 22/2/2013.
(Verification of Solution) State the order of ordinary differential equation (ODE).
Verify that y(x) is a solution of the differential equation.
6 y (x) + 2 y(x) = 0, y(x) = a cos(x) + b(x)
d
Solution. y (x) = dx
( a cos(x) + b sin(x) ) = a sin(x) + b cos(x), and
d
d
dx (
tan(x + c) ) =
d
x
y (x) = 4 dx
sin(3x) )
2( e
d2
d
x
= 4 dx2 (e ) sin(3x) + 2 4 dx
( ex )
d
dx (sin(3x)
) + 4ex
d2
dx2 (sin(3x))
y = c sec x,
y(0) =
2.
(General Solution) Find a general solution. Show the steps of derivation. Check your
answer by substitution.
2 y (x) + (x + 2)(y(x))2 = 0
Solution. By rearranging the terms, we have
= (x + 2) y(x)2 , so dy
y2 =
dy
(x + 2) dx which is separable. Then after integrating, y2 = (x + 2) dx, i.e.
2
dy
dx
2
x2 +4x+C .
=
x
e
cos(3x).
y
(x)
So, y (x)+2y (x)+10y(x) = +2y (x) =
+10y(x)
=
ex sin(3x) +
ex sin(3x) +
+2(4ex sin(3x) +
+10(4ex sin(3x) +
ex cos(3x)
12 ex cos(3x)
0)
6 y (x) =
4x2 +y(x)2
x y(x) .
Remark. Arranging the term in the order of ex sin x, and ex cos(3x) makes
calculation more clearly.
9 y (x) = cos x,
(Initial Value Problem) Verify that y = y(x) is a solution of the ODE. Determine from
y the particular solution satisfying the given initial condition.
12 y (x) = y(x) x,
y(x) = cex + x + 1,
y(0) = 3.
(Replacing 2C by C.)
y(x)2
x
+ y(x).
(Initial Value Problems) Find the particular solution. Show the steps of derivation,
beginning with the general solution. (L, R, b are constants.)
y(2) = 0
( Use u(x) =
y(x)
x .
Theorem. The general solution of the first order linear differential equation
y (x) + p(x)y(x) = q(x) is given by
I(x)y(x) = C + I(x)q(x) dx
for some constant C, where I(x) = exp( p(x)dx) is called an integrating factor.
Theorem. The general solution of the first order Bernoulli differential equation
y (x) + p(x) y (x) = g(x) (y(x))n (n = 0 or 1) is given by
y(x)1n I(x) = C + (1 n) I(x)g(x) dx,
(Exact ODEs. Integrating Factors) Test for exactness. If exact, solve. If not, use an
integrating factor as given or find it by inspection or from the theorems in the text.
Also, if an initial condition is given, determine the corresponding particular solution.
2 (x y)(dx dy) = 0
y(0) = 3
(Remark. It is separable)
14 y (x) =
y(x)
x
2x
y(x)
cos(x2 ),
y(1) = 2
y(
(Remark. It is Bernoulli)
2) =