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Abstract
In this study, based on the unconstrained third order shear deformation theory (UTSDT), numerical analysis of an axisymmetric
bending and stresses of circular plate are investigated. The material properties are considerd to graded through the thickness of the
verticlecoordinate, and follow a simple power of volume fraction of the constituents.governing equations are derived and DQM is
used as an efficient numerical method for solving the differential equations.Two types of boundary conditions under the influence of
the bending and body force are studied. The validation of the results is done by a comparison with another study ,which available in
the literature and found good agreement between two studies.
Index Terms:bending,shearstress,circularplate,UTSDT,GDQM.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------1. INTRODUCTION
Thick and thin Circular disk in structured componentsplays a
major role in engineering applications related to this area is
the static analysis thetypes of plates which arenotably crucial
in their design ranging from automotive railway brake systems
to disks which constitute vital components particularly in
turbo machines. Functionally,graded materials (FGMs) were
first introduced in 1989 [1] whereby a number of researchers,
because interested to study them .
In the past decade , many of the studies which carried out on
the FGMs disks concentrated on the conventional plate and the
first order shear deformation theories . The conventional plate
theory (CPT) furnishes accurate and reliableanalysis for this
plate . As the disk thickness increases CPT over predicts
stresses response, because the transverse shear deformation
and rotary inertia effects are neglected .So there a number of
shear deformation theories used to analyze moderately thick
plate , first order theory and third order theory were
developed to incorporate the shear deformation effects , in the
first order shear deformation theory (FSDT), the constant
shear stress condition through thicknesses violates the
statically condition of zero shear stress at the free surface . So
its need for shear correction factor to modify the shear forces
.The third order shear deformation theory (TSDT )predicts
parabolic variation of shear stress through the thickness.
Although the use of higher order plate theory leads to more an
accurate prediction of the global response quantities such as
shear forces , deflections strain and stresses , it requires much
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Volume: 02 Issue: 07 | Jul-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
37
2. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Consider a FG circular disk with thickness( h ) and radius ( a
) , axisymmetric with respect to the z-axis as shown in fig.1
and it is subjected to uniform transverse pressure in case of
clamped condition,whilein case of roller support condition, it
subjected to both uniform pressure and body force
The midplane of the plate refers to the cylindrical coordinate
r, , z in the radial ,circumferential and axial
system
directions respectively.
Figure 1:FG circular disk with thickness (h) and radius (a)
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Volume: 02 Issue: 07 | Jul-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
38
P z Pm Pc Vm Pc
(1)
Where:
Pz
:material property at location z through thickness.m and
c denotes the metallic and ceramic constituents respictivlly .
h 2z
Vm
2h ( 2 )
z: thickness coordinates
p : material constant.
2 :
h 2 z h 2
rr
p 0 , or equal to
As the material constant is equl to zero
p , the homogeneous isotropic material is
infinity
obtained as a specializ case of functioaly graded material . in
fact , from equation (2) it possible to obtaian :
d1
d
du
z z3
z3 2
dr
dr
dr (7a)
1
r
1r z
1
2
r (7b)
dw
dr (7c)
Stress-strain relations
r Q11 Q12
Q12 Q22
0
0
rz
Where :
Q11 Q22
(3)
(4)
0 r
0
Q66 rz
E z
2 12
Q66
3. GOVERING EQUATIONS
w r, z w r
rz 1 3 z 2 1 3 z 22
U r, z u r f z 1 r g z 2 r
r 0, z 0 , z 0
p Vm 0,Vc 1 p z pc
E z Em EC Vm Ec
u z z 3
p 0 Vm 1,Vc 0 p z pm
z m C Vm c
Where:
(8)
, Q12 Q11
E z
2 1
(5)
0 h /2
2 r r rz rz rdzdr
( 10 )
(6)
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Volume: 02 Issue: 07 | Jul-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
39
1 , 2 , 3
V f 2 ( 1r 2 2 u 2 r 2 21
0
2
3 r 1 3 r w 2 rq w)dr
2
(11)
2 2
rN r N 1r u
dr
d
rpr M p rr
rM r
dr
dr
a 3 rR
r 2 2 )
dr 0
3 1
1
0
d
rpr p 3 rRr 3r 2 2 2
dr
rr rqr w
dr
(12)
Where:
N r , N
:Stress resultants
Mr , M :Stress couples
1, 2 , 3
1
du
M r B11
u
dr
r
1
1
d
d
D11 F11 1 1 F11 2 2
r
r
dr
dr
(17c)
du 1
M B11
u
dr r
d 1
d 1
D11 F11 1 1 F11 2 2
dr
r
dr r
(16a)
r , Rr
1, z, z dz
3
1, z dz
(17e)
(17f )
dw
Rr D44 1
3 F44 1 2
dr
(17h)
h /2
h /2
(17d)
1
du
Pr E11
u
dr
r
1
1
d
d
F11 H11 1 1 H11 2 2
r
r
dr
dr
dw
Qr A44 1
3 D44 1 2
dr
(16b)
(17a)
(17b)
1, z, z dz
h /2
du 1
N A11
u
dr r
1
d 1
d
B11 E11 1 1 E11 2 2
dr
r
dr
r
N , M , P
z 1, z, z dz
1
du
N r A11
u
r
dr
1
1
d
d
B11 E11 1 1 E11 2 2
r
r
dr
dr
h /2
h /2
h /2
h /2
(16d)
From eqs. (7),(8) and (16), one can obtain the following
relations:
Where :
,U ,V f
( N r , M r , Pr )
Where:
A11 , B11, D11 , E11 , F11 , H11
coefficients
rz
h /2
(16c)
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Volume: 02 Issue: 07 | Jul-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
40
E z
h /2
B11 E11 r
1, z, z 2 , z 3 , z 4 , z 6 dz
h /2
11
(18a)
E z
2 1 1, z, z , z dz
2
d 2u
dr
B11 E11
2 F11 2 H11
du
1
B11 E11 u
dr
r
ddr
h /2
11
dr 2
d2
1
F11 2 H11
F11 2 H11 3 D44 9 2 F44 r 2
dr
r
dw
A44 3 D44
2 3 r 2 2 0
dr
(20b)
(18b)
d 21
du
1
E
u
F
H
r
11
11
11
dr
r
dr 2
dr 2
d
1
1 :
E11r
d
d
rM r rPr M P rQr 3 rRr
dr
dr
2 3 r 2 2 0
d 22
2 H11 r
(19b)
d 2u
H11r
E11
d 21
2
H11
d1
1
H11 9 E44 r
dr
r
dr
dw
2 3D44 r
3 r 2 2 0
dr
2 :
(20c)
d
rPr P 3 rRr 3r 2 2 0
dr
(19c)
d1
A44 3 D44 1
dr
d
d 2w
3 D44 r 2 3 D44 2 A44 r 2
dr
dr
rq 0
A44 3 D44 r
w :
d
rQr rq 0
dr
(19d)
d 2
du
1
A11r 2 A11 A11 u B11 E11 r 21
dr
r
dr
dr
d1
B11 E11 B11 E11
dr
2
d
d
1
1
1 E11r 22 E11 2 E11 2 1r 2 2 0
r
dr
r
dr
(20a)
d 2u
(20d)
1
H11
a,
h ,
a ,
a , ,
,
B11h5
H11
3
,
D11h 4
H11
E11h3
F h2
A h6
D h4
5 11
6 44
7 44
H11
H11
H11
H11
,
,
,
,
F44 h 2
H11
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41
Q : pressure parameter
6 47 R
1h7 a 2
H11
U 0,
d 2U
4 3h 4 2
3aH11
dr 2
8
16 1
3 5
3
9 R
8
16 d 1
8
16 d1
16
1 5
3 5 R 2 3 5
3
9 dR
3
9 dR
9
1
3
6 87 168 2 R
d 22 8
16 d2 8
16 1
1
47 168 R 2 6 47
2 3 5 9 dR 3 5 9 R
dR
2
1 dw
R 2 R 2
dR
W 0, N r 0 , M r 0 Pr 0
dR
dU
1
4 d 21
4 d
4 U 5 R
5 1
dR
R
3 dR 2
3 dR
(22d)
f r x
x r
4 1
1
4 d 22 4 d2
5 37 128 2 R 1 R
3R
3 dR 2 3 dR
4 1
1
1 dw
128
R 2 37 R
3 R 2
dR
2
3 R
(22c)
(21b)
4
(22b)
At R a
4 d 2U
4 dU
4 1
2 4 U
2 4 R 2 2 4
3 dR
3 dR
3 r
2 0 ,W 0
dw
(21a)
d 2U
(21d)
U 0, 1 0 , 2 0 , dR 0
4 1
4
d 22 4 d2 4 1
4
4 2 R 2 1
2 4 1 4 R
3 R
3
dR 3 12
dR 2 3
4 R
dw
QR
dR
du
1
4 d 2
4 d
1 U 2 4 R 21 2 4 1
dr
r
3
3 dR
dR
dw
0 ,
Q R 0 (22a)
1 0 , 2 0 , dR
U 0, 1 0 ,
dR
At R 1
( 2 3 )h 8 2
H 11
d 2w
Boundary Conditions
Clamped circular plate
At R 0
: bodyforec parameters
d1
d
6 47 1 47 R 2
dR
dR
472 7 R
h 6 *q
Q
H 11
Xi
r
ik f
k 1
xk
i=1,2,.,n
Dr
(21c)
Dik
xi
xi x k x k
i , k = 1 , 2 ,.n , i k
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Volume: 02 Issue: 07 | Jul-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
42
xi
xi x k
i 1
Where
6 47 Ri
i , k = 1 , 2 ,..n , ik
47 Ri
j 1
a1 i, j u j 1
j 1
2 3 4
4
3 4 Ri
a i, j
1
1
j
j 1
2
j
j 1
4
4
3
a i, j
2
j 1
2
j
j 1
8
16
3 5 Ri
3
9
a2 i, j u j 2 4
3
j 1
U1 11 12 0 ,
j 1
j 1
j 1
4
16 1
1
a1 i, j 2j 5 47 168
Ri
3
9
R
i
2
1
2j 6 47 Ri
a n, j
1
2
2 i
2
j
j 1
(23b)
4 Ri
a i, j u
2
j 1
j 1
1
4
a1 i, j u j 4 ui 5 Ri
Ri
3
4 1
1
4
a1 i, j 1j 5 37 128 Ri 1j Ri
3 Ri
3
2
j 1
0
at R 0 (24a)
a i, j w
1
j 1
0
at R 0 (25a)
1 U n 2 4
3
a n, j
1
1
j
j 1
4
4n2 0..at R=1
3
a1 n, j u j 2 U n 3 5
3
j 1
j 1
a n, j
1
1
j
j 1
1 4
3 3 5 n 3 5
j 1
a i, j w
(25c)
a i, j w R
j
a n, j u
j 1
8
16 1
1 1 4
16
a2 i, j 2j
3 5 6 87 168 2 Ri j 5 Ri
3
9 Ri
9
j 1
1 4
2 3 4 n 3 4
a1 i, j 1j
n
j 1
at R 1 (25b)
4 1
a1 i, j u j 2 4 ui
3 Ri
8
16
a2 i, j 1j 3 5
3
9
a i, j w QR
Wn 0
j 1
U n n1 n2 Wn 0 R 1 (24b)
Roller support circular plate .
U1 11 12 0 ,
4 1
4 2j 1 Ri2
3 Ri
a2 i, j w j 6
(23d)
(23a)
4
2 4 Ri
3
a i, j
1
j
1
4
ui 2 4 Ri
Ri
3
a1 i, j 2j 47 2j 6 Ri
4 1
a1 i, j 1j 2 4 1j
3 Ri
j 1
16
4
5
9
3
1
j
j 1
a2 i, j u j 1
a i, j 4
i 1
ri 0.5* 1 cos
n 1 i = 1 , 2 ,..n
j 1
Ri
j 1
a n, j
a2 i, j 1j 5
j 1
a2 i, j 2j
4
3
j 1
2
j
4
5n2 0...........at R=1
3
(25d)
a i, j
1
2
j
j 1
4 1
1
1
128 Ri 2j 37 Ri a1 i, j w j 3Ri2
3
R
2
i
j 1
(23c)
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Volume: 02 Issue: 07 | Jul-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
43
a1 n, j u j 4 U n 5
3
j 1
4 1 4
5 3 n 3
a1 n, j 1j
j 1
a n, j
1
2
j
j 1
4
n2 0.............at R=1
3
(25e)
k bb
k
db
Youngs
modulus( Gpa)
151
70
material
k bb
k bd
b
k dd
q
(26)
k bd
Where
and
are the stiffness matrices of boundary of
the boundary conditions and the size of it are 8 8 and 8 4n8 respectively.
(27)
ceramic
metal
Poisons ratio,v
0.288
0.288
Reddy [3]
Clamped
plate
0
2
4
6
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
50
100
2.979
1.623
1.473
1.404
1.362
1.333
1.289
1.265
1.250
1.239
1.231
1.225
1.216
1.199
Roller
support
plate
10.822
5.925
5.414
5.155
4.993
4.882
4.714
4.619
4.559
4.517
4.486
4.463
4.429
4.359
Present
Clamped
plate
2.979
1.608
1.467
1.399
1.357
1.329
1.287
1.264
1.248
1.238
1.230
1.229
1.216
1.1987
Roller
support
plate
10.822
5.921
5.410
5.150
4.989
4.880
4.713
4.613
4.558
4.5165
4.486
4.462
4.429
4.359
d can be evaluated.
5. VALIDATION OF THE RESULTS
In order to examine the accuracy and efficiency of the results
of this paper a comparative study made with another study to
implement this , an axisymmetric bending of a clamped and
roller-support
functionally graded circular plate under
uniformly distributed load q . metallic volume fraction
power law distribution through plate thickness and all material
properties are getting from Reddy et al. [3] As shown in
thetable 1 . The evaluation of the comparison .Between the
presented numerical analysis and Reddys exact result are
illustrated in table2 for dimensionless maximum deflection ,
Ec h3
64WDc
Dc
12 1 2
qa 4
With
Where h and a are the
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Volume: 02 Issue: 07 | Jul-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
44
Ec
h 0
,the reason of this case belongs to the
the mid plane
nature of non-homogenous of the mechanical properties of the
FGMs.
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Volume: 02 Issue: 07 | Jul-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
45
Ec
Fig (4) shows the radial stress parameter
with the
h 0.25
h 0.25
w
h
R of
Fig (6) present the dimensionless deflection with
the disk under bending load with different values of material
constant p .it is clear that,the deflection of the pure metal disk
(p=0) higher than that of FG plate ,because of the rigidty of
FG plate.
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Volume: 02 Issue: 07 | Jul-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
46
CONCLUSIONS
An axismmatric bending and stress analysis of functionally
graded circular plate under uniform body force and uniform
distributed load by unconstrateed
third order shear
deformation theory via generalized differential quadrature
method (DQM) the numerical solution of the unconstrateed
third order shear deformation theory can be applied to
different case , of boundary condition , as well as , it can be
applied to different loading condition , in contrast to the
analytical solution limited to bending load .
REFERENCES
[1]
Koizumi M.1993. the concept of FGM. Ceram Trans
Funct Grad Mater;34:310.
[2]
Leung Ayt. An unconstrained third order plate
theory.Computstruct 1991;40:871-875.
[3] Reddy,J.N., Wang,C.M.,1999. Axisymmetric bending of
functionally graded circular and annular plates. Eur.J. Mech,
A/solids 18:185-199.
[4]
Ma, L.S., Wang,T.S,2004. relationships between ax
symmetric bending and buckling solutions of FGM circular
plates based on third-order plate theory and classical plate
theory. International journal of solids and structures 41:85101.
[5]
PrekeshY ,Genepethi M. Axisymmetric flexural
vibration and thermoelastic stability of functionally graded
material circular plate using finite element method. Compos
Part B:Eng 2008, 371:4901-4910.
[6] Dong CI. Three dimensional free vibration analysis of FG
annular plates using the chebbyshev-Ritz method. Mater Des
2008,29,1518-1525.
[7] Malekzadeh P, Atashi MM, Karami G. In-plane free
vibration of FG circular arches with temperature-dependent
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Volume: 02 Issue: 07 | Jul-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
47
BIOGRAPHIES
F. Tarlochanwas born in Malaysia. He
obtained his Bachelors in Mechanical
Engineering and Masters in Biomedical
Engineering from Purdue University,
USA. His PhD was from Universiti Putra
Malaysia. He is currently an Associate
Professor at UNITEN and heads the
Center
for
Innovation
and
Design.Email:
faristarlochan@gmail.com
Hamad M. Hwas born in Iraq He
obtained his Bachelors in Mechanical
Engineering and Masters in Engineering
from IRAQ. He is currently pursuing his
PhD at UNITEN in the field of applied
mechanics.
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48