AWWA D100

Moin - Costa Rica

Engineer: T. Tovey, PE
Check: S. Goto, PE

Define Units

References
1) AWWA D100-11, IBC 2009 and ASCE 7-05
2) Basis of Seismic Provisions for welded Steel Oil Storage Tanks by Wozniak & Mitchell.
3) Steel Plate Engineering Data Vol. 1, Useful Information on the Design of Plate Structures,
Steel Tanks for Liquid Storage 1982, SPFA
4) Structural Engineering Handbook, by Gaylord, 3rd Edition Chapter 27, Steel Water Tanks,
by Bob Wozniak
5) ACI 318, Chapter 9 and AISC Manual of Steel Construction
cone roof
slope s =3/4":12"

tank diameter "D"

water depth
"h"

height of tank
shell ="Hs"

ring wall
depth "Df"

Dimensions and Design Criteria

2
Diameter D 33.0 ft , water height h p 40 ft resulting in V D h p 255923.1 gal
4
R

D
2

G 1.0

R 16.5 ft

diameter of tank and radius, ft.

specific gravity of water

Roof Snow load:

pg 0 psf

Assumed snow load for Costa Rica

However, AWWA D100-11 minimum pressure for live load or snow load is 25 psf; therefore use:
LL 25 psf

2/28/2013

1 of 17

AWWA D100
Moin - Costa Rica

Engineer: T. Tovey, PE
Check: S. Goto, PE

Wind Loads:
Design wind load: from Drawing 003-S-0001
m
Vdes 42 93.951 mph
s

Vdes
mph

Cf .60

force coef. per AWWA D100, Table 2

G' 1.0

wind gust factor (Sec. 3.1.4)

93.951

I 1.15

wind importance factor (Sec. 3.1.4)

Soil and Seismic Factors:

Allowable bearing pressure:

f brg 200 kPa 4177.087 psf

Site Class, Sms and Sm1 values from project Geotech, Nason McCullough on 2-14-13:
Soil underneath tank is to be 'vibro-compacted soil':
Seismic parameters:
SMS 1.0

SM1 1.0

Seismic Use Group: III

Site Class = D

IE 1.5

From Table 24 for Importance factor I 1.5

E

Design response spectra; U .67 scaling factor This U scaling factor value should be .67
for 5% dampening Refer to IBC and to the AWWA D100 STD and eq 16-39 and 16-40 of IBC
2009.
(Eqn. 13-7)
SDS U SMS
SDS 0.670
SD1 U SM1

SD1 0.670

(Eqn. 13-8)

A v 0.14 SDS

A v 0.094

vertical acceleration per AWWA D100, Section 13.5.4.3

Tc 2

3.68 h p
3.68 g tanh
D

Tc 3.318 s

Eqn. 13-22 impulsive first mode slosh

period

TL 16 sec region dependent transition period per Nason McCullough on 2-14-13

Ts

SD1
SDS

Sai SDS
2/28/2013

Ts 1
Sai 0.67

Section 13.2.7.3.1
Section 13.2.9.2 Ground-supported flat-bottom tanks.

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AWWA D100
Moin - Costa Rica

Engineer: T. Tovey, PE
Check: S. Goto, PE

Check above formulas for application of design response spectrum for convective component
Sac = design spectral response acceleration for the convective component, 0.5% damped, at the
first mode sloshing wave period TC stated as a multiple (decimal) of g
Tc 3.318 s
K 1.5
K SD1
Tc

TL 16 s

"1" means true

T c TL 1

damping scaling factor, Section 13.2.7.3.2

sec 0.303
K SD1
Tc

K TL SD1

AWWA Eq 13-12

Tc

sec SDS 1

sec 1.461

AWWA Eq 13-13

"1" means
true

logic to pick design response spectrum for convective component

Sac

K SD1

min
sec SDS if Tc TL
Tc

K TL SD1
Tc

2/28/2013

sec otherwise

"Eq 13-12 Governs"

if Tc TL

"Eq 13-13 Governs"

otherwise

"Eq 13-12 Governs"

Sac 0.303

3 of 17

AWWA D100
Moin - Costa Rica

Engineer: T. Tovey, PE
Check: S. Goto, PE

Horizontal Design Accelerations; AWWA Section 13.2.9 for ground supported flat bottom tanks
section 13.2.9.2 : GENERAL PROCEDURE uses equations 13-9, 13-10, 13-11 and equations 13-12
and 13-13
Select Response Modification Factors:
Table 28 Response modification factors Ri and Rc
Response Modification Factor
Rc (convective component)
-

Structure

Ri (impulsive component)

Cross-braced, column-supported elevated tank

3.0*
Pedestal-type elevated tank
3.0
Ground-supported flat-bottom tank
Mechanically-anchored
3.0
1.5
Self-anchored
2.5
1.5
*
The response modification factor Ri for cross-braced, column-supported elevated tanks only applies to tanks with
tension-only diagonal bracing. Tanks that utilize tension-compression diagonal bracing are beyond the scope of this
standard.

Tank will be Ground supported, flat bottom, mechanically anchored: AWWA D100, Table 28:
Ri 3

Rc 1.5

Determine Design Impulsive Acceleration: per AWWA Eq 13-17

Sai IE

A i

1.4 Ri

AWWA Eq 13-17; site specific procedure is based on 5

percent damped, Sai

0.239

Determine Design Convective Acceleration: per AWWA Eq 13-18

A c

Sac IE
1.4 Rc

AWWA Eq. 13-18 design convective

acceleration - site specific procedure

0.216

ss 19.33

Maximum design tensile stress from Table 34

Input Table: First column is the design shell thickness. Second column is to determine height of

tank. Third column is needed for Chapter 14 tank steel strengths if different strength steels are
used at different shell courses.

.3125

.3125

.375
tt
.375

.5

.5
2/28/2013

5 ss
8
8
8
8
8

0.313
ss
0.313

ss
0.375
ss 0.375

0.5
ss

0.5
ss

5 19.33

8 19.33
8 19.33

8 19.33
8 19.33

n rows ( tt)

n6

number of
shell courses

8 19.33

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AWWA D100
Moin - Costa Rica

2
w submatrix tt 1 n 1 1 ft
1
t submatrix tt 1 n 1 1 in

Hs

Engineer: T. Tovey, PE
Check: S. Goto, PE

shell course thk.

shell course width
total shell
height of tank

w Hs 45 ft

Summary of Allowable stresses for chosen weld joint efficiency; E 1

Allow.

Allow. Shell

Shell

Stress times

5.0

Stress, ksi
19.33

E, ksi
19.33

0.3125

8.0

19.33

19.33

0.375

8.0

19.33

19.33

0.375

8.0

19.33

19.33

0.5

8.0

19.33

19.33

0.5

8.0

19.33

19.33

Shell Course

Shell Thickness

Shell

(in)

Width (ft)

0.3125

(from top)

Static & Dynamic Analysis Prgm

Static & Dynamic Shell Summary;

Req'd

Shell

Shell

Course

Dynamic

Shell

Thick., in Shell

(from top)

Req'd

Static

Static
Thick., in.

Stress, ksi

Shell
Thick., in

Dynamic

Impulsive

Shell

Hoop Force, Hoop Force,

Stress, ksi Ni, lbs/in

Convective
Nc, lbs/in

Hydrostatic
Hoop Force,
Nh, lbs/in

0.31

0.19

2.28

0.02

3.30

131

132

429

0.31

0.19

5.93

0.06

7.57

280

54

1115

0.38

0.19

9.59

0.09

11.70

353

22

1802

0.38

0.19

13.24

0.11

15.57

362

2488

0.50

0.19

16.89

0.14

19.43

362

3175

0.50

0.20

19.33

0.17

21.95

362

3861

The tank manufacturer will design the roofing system and rafter spacing.
Estimated roof wt. estimated_roof_unitwt 15 psf
W r estimated_roof_unitwt
h'

12 2

.75

2/28/2013

W r 13 kip

total roof DL

h' 12.375 in roof rise

5 of 17

AWWA D100
Moin - Costa Rica

Engineer: T. Tovey, PE
Check: S. Goto, PE

Sloshing of Water in Tank: 13.5.4.4 The freeboard provided shall meet the requirements of
Table 29, unless otherwise specified. The sloshing wave height shall be determined by the
equation; note SD1 0.67 and SDS 0.67

Sloshing calculations:
A c 0.216
Tc 3.318 s

A f

Convective and impulsive design accelerations

A i 0.239

Since Tc is less than T.L, equation 13-55 applies for Seismic Use Group III

K SD1
Tc

0.303

Convective design acceleration for sloshing

sec

Eqn 13-52

d .5 D A f 4.998 ft

Minimum freeboard for Seismic Use Group III is:

per AWWA D100, Table 29 (min freeboard =d)

Freeboard 5 ft

Detailed Prgm. to Analyze Each Shell Course (not currently in AWWA). Determine
convective & impulsive water weights and moment arms around tank base; calc moments for
both tank shell (EBP=excluding bottom pressure) & slab foundation (IBP=including bottom
pressure); determine shell wt., roof wt., shears, moments and slosh height; D 33 ft and
hTank
ft
p 40
Moments & Shears Prgm

Summary of Tank Moments & Shears;

Shell Course
(from top)

Accum.
Sum of

Shell

Slab

M oment,

M oment,

432

kip*ft
20

kip*ft
20

67

67

Shear,
kips

Shell wts.,
7

17

434

30

437

646

662

43

440

1462

3045

60

444

4550

6525

76

448

8047

10076

M slab max ( g') kip ft

Fy 36000
2/28/2013

M slab 10076 kip ft

ASTM A36 yield stress

6 of 17

AWWA D100
Moin - Costa Rica

Engineer: T. Tovey, PE
Check: S. Goto, PE

The following program determines the vertical shell buckling stress and required shell thickness
of each shell course (not in AWWA D100)
Vertical Buckling Prgm.

The following program determines effective shell stress and required shell thickness of each
shell course based upon principle dynamic hoop stress (tension) and vertical stress (compression)
using Henky Von Mises Eqs. e =

x2 x y y2 (not req'd by AWWA)

Effective Stress Prgm.

The following programs determine greater of static, dynamic, vertical buckling, effective stress
(not req'd by AWWA) or 1/4" min. shell thickness for each shell course (this departs from
AWWA); pick greatest for req'd design; compare existing shell thickness to required design
shell thickness..."OK" if exst. is greater than design; determine order of equations used to solve
for max. wall thickness
Shell Thickness Summary Prgms

Shell Summary Table;

Shell Course

Shell Thick

(from the top)

(in)

Req'd Shell

Shell Course

Req'd Shell

Wt (kips)

Thickness (in)

Course Wt ( Status

Governing Condition

kips)

0.31

6.6

0.25

5.3

OK

1/4" min.

0.31

10.6

0.25

8.5

OK

1/4" min.

0.38

12.7

0.25

8.5

OK

1/4" min.

0.38

12.7

0.25

8.5

OK

1/4" min.

0.50

16.9

0.25

8.5

OK

1/4" min.

0.50

16.9

0.29

9.8

OK

Vert. Buckling

Tank Wind Base Shear and Overturning Moments;

Pw q z GC f 30C f

V 93.951 mph

q z 0.00256 K z IV 2

AWWA Eq. 3-1

AWWA Eq. 3-2

Wind Pressure Prgm

Tank Base Wind Shears and Overturning Moments Summary;

D i st ance
t o G r o und ,
ft
4 6 .0
4 5.0
4 0 .0
3 2 .0
2 4 .0
16 . 0
8 .0

2/28/2013

Kz

qz,
p sf

Exp o sur e D
Pw ,
F,
ar m,
p sf
kip s
ft

1.2 7
1.2 7
1.2 7
1.2 7
1.2 7
1.2 7
1.2 7

3 3 .0
3 3 .0
3 3 .0
3 3 .0
3 3 .0
3 3 .0
3 3 .0

19 .8
19 .8
19 .8
19 .8
19 .8
19 .8
19 .8

0 .3
3 .3
5. 2
5. 2
5. 2
5. 2
5. 2
2 9 .7

4 5.3
4 2 .5
3 6 .0
2 8 .0
2 0 .0
12 .0
4 .0

M o ment ,
ki p * f t
15. 3
13 8 .9
18 8 .2
14 6 .4
10 4 .6
6 2 .7
2 0 .9
6 76 . 9

7 of 17

AWWA D100
Moin - Costa Rica

Kz

qz,
p sf

Exp o sur e D
Pw ,
F,
ar m,
p sf
kip s
ft

1.2 7
1.2 7
1.2 7
1.2 7
1.2 7
1.2 7
1.2 7

3 3 .0
3 3 .0
3 3 .0
3 3 .0
3 3 .0
3 3 .0
3 3 .0

19 .8
19 .8
19 .8
19 .8
19 .8
19 .8
19 .8

D i st ance
t o G r o und ,
ft
4 6 .0
4 5.0
4 0 .0
3 2 .0
2 4 .0
16 . 0
8 .0

0 .3
3 .3
5. 2
5. 2
5. 2
5. 2
5. 2

4 5.3
4 2 .5
3 6 .0
2 8 .0
2 0 .0
12 .0
4 .0

2 9 .7

Engineer: T. Tovey, PE
Check: S. Goto, PE

M o ment ,
ki p * f t
15. 3
13 8 .9
18 8 .2
14 6 .4
10 4 .6
6 2 .7
2 0 .9
6 76 . 9

Exposure D: values from table above

Vw 26.5 kips

M w 536.4 kip ft
Pw

Check AWWA Eq 3-36 for Intermediate Wind Girders; P

19.802
aw
psf
D
tank dia.
D
D 33
tt .3125 top shell course thickness
ft
h'

10.625 106 tt

D
Paw
tt

Conclusion:

1.5

h' 154.52

allowable height, ft., of tt 0.313 plate between

intermediate wind girders or boundaries

tt 0.313 " shell course height Hs 45 ft is less than h' 154.52 ft total

height calculated; therefore intermediate wind girders are not req'd for this shell area.
Intermediate Wind Girder Prgm

Check tank stability for Seismic overturning to determine seismic loads would require anchor
bolts. Hs 45 ft and D 33 The equations apply to self anchored tanks only (where J<.785)
and do not apply to mechanically anchored tank.

Tank Base Seismic Moments & Shears Summary;

Ground Supported Flat Bottom Tank

Ri

Rc

Ai

Ac

M s, kip*ft

Vf, kip

Ground Supported Flat Bottom Tank, M echanically

1.5

0.239

0.216

8047

450

Ground Supported Flat Bottom Tank, Self Anchore

2.5

1.5

0.287

0.216

9485

537

RESISTANCE TO SEISMIC OVERTURNING NEEDS TO BE CHECKED NOW. Resistance is

either provided by designing a self anchored tank where J< 0.785 or anchoring the tank. First
check to see what is required if you use a Self Anchored Tank.
Ms_a 8047 kip ft

2/28/2013

Moment for Mechanically Anchored Tank

8 of 17

AWWA D100
Moin - Costa Rica

Engineer: T. Tovey, PE
Check: S. Goto, PE

Moment for Self-Anchored Tank

Ms_sa 9485 kip ft

Check using tank bottom thickness = 1/4 inch then use thicker tank bottom thickness until
J<0.785. try using tank bottom thickess = 1/2 inch or more if 1/4 inch thickness does not work.
Refer to Table below that shows solutions for varying annular ring thicknesses
1
tb in
2

assumed yield stress of bottom annular ring, psi

Fy 36000

.216

tb
in

Annular Ring thickness (minimum 1/4" permitted by AWWA); but not to

1
exceed the bottom shell course of tn 0.5 in and in tb tn 1
4

Fy
H
ft

ft 4.207

A ft

0.5

s
.035 D 1.155

0.5

lb

logic to select lesser value for minimum width of bottom annulus per Eq. 13-38

tb
L min .216

in

wL 0

ws

Ws
D ft

ft .035 D ft
Hs

ft

Fy

L 1.155 ft

Width of bottom annulus

max. weight of tank contents that may be used to resist

tank uplift, lbs/ft for a mchanically anchored tank

ws 738

lbf
ft

weight of tank shell, lbs/ft

Weight of portion of tank roof that bears on tank shell, lbs/ft. Use 1.5 factor to account for
weight of rafters and girders in addition to assumed roof weight of:

wr

Wr
D ft

wt ws wr

2/28/2013

estimated_roof_unitwt 15 psf
1.5 185.625 plf

wt 923

lbf
ft

Estimated weight of tank shell & roof, lbs/ft,

Eq. 13-41

9 of 17

AWWA D100
Moin - Costa Rica

wt

wt
lbf

unit wt. of shell &

portion of roof, lbs/ft

wt 923

ft

wL 0

Engineer: T. Tovey, PE
Check: S. Goto, PE

max. resisting wt. of tank

contents, lbs/ft

AWWA D100, 13.5.4.1...

1. The resisting force is adequate for tank stability when the overturning ratio J determined by
Eq 13-36 is less than 1.54. The maximum width of annulus for determining the resisting force is
3.5 percent of the tank diameter D.
2. The shell compression satisfies Sec. 13.5.4.2.
3. The required thickness of the bottom annulus tb does not exceed the thickness of the bottom
shell ring per Sec. 13.5.4.1.2.4.
4. Piping flexibility requirements of Sec. 13.6 are satisfied.
5. For tank stability there are 3 conditions; 1) For J < 0.785 there is no shell uplift due to the
overturning moment and the tank is self-anchored. 2) For 0.785 < J < 1.54 there is shell uplift, but
the tank is stable provided the shell compression requirements of Sec. 13.5.4.2 are satisfied. 3)
For J > 1.54 the tank is not stable. Modify the bottom annulus, within the limits of tb and L, or
provide mechanical anchors.
The CH2M HILL policy permits self anchored tanks only if J<0.785.
Ms_sa

ft lbf
2

J 9.802

D wt 1 0.4 A v wL

Stability

"No uplift"

if J .785

AWWA Eq. 13-36 Overturning ratio

Stability "Must Anchor Tank"

"Uplift" if .785 J 1.54

"Must Anchor Tank"

Conclusion:

2/28/2013

since J 9.802

otherwise

tank will uplift and needs to be anchored.

10 of 17

AWWA D100
Moin - Costa Rica

Engineer: T. Tovey, PE
Check: S. Goto, PE

Annular Ring Prgm

AWWA D100, Section 13.5.4.2.2: Longitudinal shell compression for mechanically anchored tanks
shall be determined by eqn 13-39:
wt 923.177

A v 0.094

Ms_a

1.273
ft lbf
1

c wt 1 .4 A v

psi 1727.409 psi

2
t
n
D

12

c 1727 psi

in

Allowable buckling stress per Eq. 13-48 for Fy 36000

;
FL

t_Rc

and t' tn or t' 0.5 in

.0031088 if 25000 Fy 34000

R 16.5 ft

psi

.0035372 if 34000 Fy

t'
t'
17.5 105 1 50000

t'

if
t_Rc

R
R

AWWA Table 9
FL 5828 psi

t'
if t_Rc
.0125
R

t'
if 25000 Fy 34000
R

5775 738 103

t'
otherwise
R

6925 886 103

otherwise

15000 if 25000 Fy 34000

18000 otherwise

Allowable shell stress per Eq 13-48 for mechanically anchored tank:

a FL 5828.229 psi

Conclusion:

e 1.333 a 7769.03 psi

maximum longitudinal shell compression stress at bottom shell

course : c 1727 psi is less than e 7769 psi <--- OK

2/28/2013

11 of 17

AWWA D100
Moin - Costa Rica

Engineer: T. Tovey, PE
Check: S. Goto, PE

Anchor Bolt Design

AWWA D100-11, Section 3.8.5.1 Anchor bolts requirements:
1. When exposed to weather, a corrosion allowance of 1/4 in. (6.35 mm) shall be applied to
the root thread diameter of anchor bolts less than 1 1/4 in. (31.8 mm) diameter.
3. The minimum anchor bolt diameter shall be 1 in. (25.4 mm).
4. Anchor bolt embedment shall terminate in a head, nut, washer plate, or U-bolt.
5. For ASTM A193, Grade B7 bolts, lock nuts shall be provided.
6. Anchor bolt project above foundation shall be specified to provide a 2-in nominal
projection of the threaded ends of the anchor bolts above the design elevation of the tops of
the anchor-bolt nuts (or lock screws.)
M Ms_a

M 8047 kip ft

Seismic base moment

M w 536 kip ft Wind base moment

lbf
wt wt
ft

wt 0.923

W' D ft wt

kip
ft
tank shell wt. plus roof DL on shell

W' 96 kip

Net Tensile Area, AISC Table 7-17 for 1.25" diameter bolt: ASTM A193, Grade B7 bolts
2

d 2.0 in

A b

A net 2.5 in

A b 3.142 in

Number of anchors:

SL

D ft
nbolt

anchor bolt gross area per AISC

nbolt 20

5.184 ft

D 33

Anchor bolt spacing (max spacing = 10')

Allowable anchor bolt stress per AWWA D100, Chapter 3, Table 5:

AWWA D100, Section 3.3.3:

Seis 1.33

Pallow A net 1.33Ft 103.9 kip

Dac D ft 4 in
2/28/2013

Dac 33.33 ft

Ft 31.25 ksi

Seismic increase allowed

Allowable tensile load per bolt

assumed anchor bolt circle diameter

12 of 17

AWWA D100
Moin - Costa Rica

Engineer: T. Tovey, PE
Check: S. Goto, PE

Seismic Anchorage;
Pas

4 M
nbolt Dac

W'
nbolt

Pas 43.5 kip

Seismic anchor bolt load perAWWA Eqn. 3-42

Pallow 103.9 kip OK

Wind Anchorage;
Paw

4 Mw
nbolt Dac

W'
nbolt

Paw 1.57 kip

Wind anchor bolt load perAWWA Eqn. 3-41; per

3.8.9.1 Wind anchorage is not required

Anchor Bolt Chair Design:

Steel Plate Engineering Data Vol. 2, Useful Information on the Design of Plate Structures,
Anchor Bolt Chairs 1985, SPFA

R 16.5 ft

tank radius, in

d 2 in

bolt diameter

Pas 43.5 kip Load on ASTM A193, Grade B7 bolt

emin 4 in

assumed min. eccentricity of load, based

geometry of anchor chair

t tn

t 0.5 in

tank shell thickness at bottom course

g d 1 in

g 3 in

distance in between vert. plates

a g 4 in

a 7 in

assumed width of chair to accomodate use of hydraulic

bolt tensioner (clearance between tank shell and bolt)

2/28/2013

1
assume jmin = in
2

13 of 17

AWWA D100
Moin - Costa Rica

m tb

m 0.5 in

Engineer: T. Tovey, PE
Check: S. Goto, PE

assumed bottom or base plate thickness

Assumed height of chair, in (max. is 3 a 21 in)

h 18 in
1.33 20 ksi

26.6 ksi

Allowable local stress per AWWA D100-11,

3.8.6.1...The allowable local shell or pedestal stress

for the design uplift case shall be 20,000 psi (137.9

MPa) plus the permissible increase for wind or
seismic loads (1.33), if applicable.

Shell Thickness Prgm.

Conclusion:

Shell thickness:

Req'd shell plate thickness for chair;

tmin 0.38 in

t 0.5 in

OK

Check top plate thickness using Steel Plate Engineering Data Vol. 2, eqn 45:
Pas 43.5 kip

S S 26.6 ksi

d 2 in

b d

1
4

d
2

1
8

in f 1.125 in

in 2 4.5 in

emin 2 8 in

Exx 60ksi

weld filler metal strength assumed

Top plate length

1
2

Pas

c
( .375 g .22 d)
S f
0.998 in
c 1
in
in 8

c Ceil

c 1 in

jmin max [ .5 in .04 ( h c) ]

2/28/2013

top plate thickness

top plate thickness roundedup to nearest 1/8"

jmin 0.68 in

Min side plate thickness

14 of 17

AWWA D100
Moin - Costa Rica

Engineer: T. Tovey, PE
Check: S. Goto, PE

Find req'd shell plate thickness, height of chair, top plate width, top plate depth, top plate
thickness, stiffener thickness, and fillet weld sizes using Eqs 45-51,
Z

1.0 in
.177 a m

0.941

(Eqn 47)

1.0 in
t

Rt

Sv

Pas e
2

1.32 Z

1.43 a h 2
2
4 a h

Rt

21487102.878 pcf
R t

.031

(Eqn 46)

Vertical and horizontal loads on weld: eqns 49, 50, 51

W v

Pas
( a 2 h)

W weld

1.012

kips

W H

in

Pas emin
a h .667 h

kips
2
2
W v W H 1.132
in

0.509

kips
in

Total load on weld, klf per inch of weld

Strength of 1/4" fillet weld assuming E60 electrode:

2 1
kips
in 3.182
2 4
in

Fweld .30 60 ksi

W weld 1.132

kips
in

OK

Summary - Anchor Bolt Chair Dimensions

Chair Height:

h 18 in

Top plate width

a 7 in

Top plate length

b 4.5 in

Top plate thickness

c 1 in

Vertical side plate thickness

jmin 0.68 in

Min req'd shell thickness

tmin 0.38 in

2/28/2013

Use 3/4"

15 of 17

AWWA D100
Moin - Costa Rica

Engineer: T. Tovey, PE
Check: S. Goto, PE

Type 1, Ring Wall Foundation

Hoop Reinforcement; see Structural Engineering Handbook, by Gaylord, 3rd Edition Chapter 27,
Steel Water Tanks by Bob Wozniak
strength reduction factor for tension per 9.3.2.1

.90

ACI 318, Eqs. 9-6 where H is load due to soil & water pressure

U = .9 D 1.6 W 1.6 H
ft

tank diameter

q w h

q 93.37 psf

D 33

h p 40 ft water height
pressure

Ko .50

assumed at rest lateral soil pressure

f y 60 ksi

grade 60 reinforcing yield stress

Df 4.0 ft

height of ring wall

b 5 ft

width of ring wall

A s

Ko Df D ft q
1.6 T

tension in ring wall (unfactored)....see Gaylord ref.

above pg. 27-4 Eqs. (6)

T 3.081 kip

required cross sectional area of hoop

reinforcement per ACI 318, 9-6

A s 0.091 in

fy

Minimum temperature and shrinkage steel:

2

A st_min 0.003 12 in Df 1.728 in

b 5 ft

No_6

No_8

Steel per foot of width ringwall

b A st_min 8.64 ft in

.44 2

in
0.79

areas of #6 & #8 bars

Try 4 bars T& B and 3 bars on EF: 14 bars total

A st 12 .79 in 9.48 in

Use twelve #8 bars o.c. with #5 ties at 12" o.c.

2/28/2013

16 of 17

AWWA D100
Moin - Costa Rica

Engineer: T. Tovey, PE
Check: S. Goto, PE

Ring Wall Bearing Pressure:

wt. of concrete ring wall:

wt_ring Df b c

wt_ring 3.000

wt. of tank shell & portion of roof bearing on shell;

wt 0.923

wt. of water over portion of ring wall (assume width is

b
2

kip
ft

kip
ft

30 in)

b
kip
wt_water h p w wt_water 6.225
2
ft

wt_ring 3.000

kip
wt
0.923

6.225 ft

wt_water

static bearing pressure;

A b

total wt. on ring wall base

P'

A 5

ft

wt_ring

wt

wt_water

I R b

toe

heel

I 70562 ft

P' M'

S
A

P' M'

S
A

P'
static
A

ft

seismic bearing pressure; assume M' Ms_a

c R

toe 3911

psf

148
heel
toe

b 19556.3 lbf

739.5 ft
heel

P' 10.148

kip
ft

static 2030 psf

M' 8047 kip ft

c 16.5 ft

I
c

S 4276 ft

toe & heel pressures are positive

f brg 4177 psf

OK

unit footing
loads

Conclusion:
The computed positive pressure (see above) on both the anchor bolt tension side of the tank and
the anchor bolt compression side of the tank indicates uplift due to seismic (this analysis based
on overall tank moments). The rectangular footing is considered by contractors to be less
expensive since it can be placed in one pour and stem wall forming is not required extra.

2/28/2013

17 of 17