Catalogues de Jouets des Enfants

Saharan North African Amazigh

Childrens Toy Catalogs
Donation to Muse du Jouet de Moirans-en-Montagne
third part
toys related to technical activities
and games of skill
Jean-Pierre Rossie
Centre for Philosophical and Humanistic Studies

To the Saharan and North African children

To my children Tania, Ben, Ruben and Pia
To my grandchildren Linde, Camille, Ilona, Thilda, Oona and Alvin

Catholic University of Portugal

Faculty of Philosophy

Saharan North African Amazigh

Childrens Toy Catalogs
Donation to
Muse du Jouet de Moirans-en-Montagne
third part
toys related to technical activities
and games of skill
Jean-Pierre Rossie

CEFH
Centre for Philosophical and Humanistic Studies
Braga
2016

Cover photograph:
Cars and a truck created by a six-year-old boy, Lahfart (Sidi Ifni), Amazigh,
Morocco, 2005, photo by the author.

With 76 color photos and 2 maps.

2016 Jean-Pierre Rossie

The use of the text and pictures in this document for research or educational and
other non-commercial purposes is free of copyright provided the original author
and source are credited; in all other cases no part of this book may be
reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, without the written
permission of the author or the editor.

Jean-Pierre Rossie, Ghent, Belgium

E-mail: sanatoyplay@gmail.com
Internet: http://www.sanatoyplay.org

This document is available on:

Academia.edu : https://independent.academia.edu/JeanPierreRossie
Scribd : https://www.scribd.com/jean_pierre_rossie
Sanatoyplay : http://www.sanatoyplay.org (publications)

Contents
Collection: Saharan and North-African Toy and Play Cultures

Introduction

Map of Morocco
Map of Tunisian Sahara

13
14

Donation to the Muse du Jouet de Moirans-en-Montagne:

Moroccan and Tunisian childrens toys related to technical activities

15

Moroccan toys related to technical activities

Moroccan toys for hunting and fighting games 556-627
Moroccan toys for games related to transport 569-621
Moroccan toys for games related to communication 622-627

16
16
20
39

Tunisian toys related to technical activities 628-630

41

Donation to the Muse du Jouet de Moirans-en-Montagne:

Moroccan and Tunisian childrens toys related to games of skill

43

Moroccan toys related to games of skill 631-654

44

Tunisian toys related to games of skill 655-662

51

Photographers

54

References

54

Index of places and populations

57

Collection:
Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures
Engaged since 1975 in research on games and toys and later on in experiments
in the field of intercultural education based on this research, the idea slowly
matured to create a collection called Saharan and North African Toy and Play
Cultures. A toy and play culture that rightly should be part of the cultural
heritage of humanity, just as the masterpieces of art and architecture.
An attempt to create such a collection for the International Council for
Children's Play was supported by Andr Michelet, director of the Centre
d'Etudes Roland Houdon at Saran, France, with the publication of my book Jeux
et jouets sahariens et nord-africains: poupes - jeux de poupes in 1993. As the
Centre d'Etudes Roland Houdon stopped its publishing activities soon
afterwards, this attempt was prematurely broken off.
In 1999 the Nordic Center for Research on Toys and Educational Media
published on its website the first English and French HTML versions of
Children's dolls and doll play, and of the Commented bibliography on play,
games and toys. A final version of these books and of The animal world in play,
games and toys were published by the Stockholm International Toy Research
Center in 2005.
In 2008 the volume Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures.
Domestic life in play, games and toys, and the French version of this book, have
been published on the Internet by the same Centre.
As the Stockholm International Toy Research Center which edited my books
beforehand has been closed in 2011, the book Saharan and North African Toy
and Play Cultures. Technical activities in play, games and toys was edited by
the Centre for Philosophical and Humanistic Studies of the Faculty of
Philosophy of the Catholic University of Portugal.
In January 2015 I began to write a series of catalogs to provide access to
interested researchers and other persons to the about 1250 toys and other
playthings which I donated to museums and socio-cultural associations.

As the donation to Muse du Jouet de Moirans-en-Montagne includes about

700 toys, I divided the catalog of this gift into three parts. The first part shows
dolls and toy animals of Moroccan and Tunisian children. The second part talks
about the toys related to domestic life. The last part describes the toys related to
technical activities and to games of skill.
In order to make the information on Saharan and North African games and
toys available to people reading English as well as to those reading French, to
stimulate the exchange of information and the reciprocal enrichment of ideas
and actions between the French-speaking and the English-speaking world, who
otherwise remain too often separated by a linguistic cleavage, the studies are to
be published in English and in French.
To facilitate a large distribution of the information on Saharan and North
African games and toys, the volumes of the collection Saharan and North
African Toy and Play Cultures are freely available on:

Academia.edu: https://independent.academia.edu/JeanPierreRossie
Scribd: https://www.scribd.com/jean_pierre_rossie
the authors website: http://www.sanatoyplay.org

The volumes of the collection:

Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures

Childrens dolls and doll play, 2005, 328 p., 163 ill.
The animal world in play, games and toys, 2005, 219 p., 107 ill.
Domestic life in play, games and toys, 2008, 438 p., 410 ill.
Commented bibliography on play, games and toys, 2011, 72 p.
Technical activities in play, games and toys, 2013, 360 p., 350 ill.
Make-believe among children of the Moroccan Anti-Atlas, 2016, anticipated
publication, 284 p., 303 ill.

Saharan North-African Amazigh Childrens Toy Catalogs

Donation to Centro per la Cultura Ludica in Turin, 2015, 93 p., 179 ill.
Donation to Muse du Jouet de Moirans-en-Montagne, first part: dolls and
toy animals, 2015, 72 p., 127 ill.
Donation to Muse du Jouet de Moirans-en-Montagne, second part: toys
related to domestic life, 2015, 72 p., 110 ill.
Donation to Muse du Jouet de Moirans-en-Montagne, third part: toys
related to technical activities and games of skill, 2016, 57 p., 76 ill.

Introduction

10

This volume is the fourth publication in a series of catalogs on Saharan, North

African and Amazigh toys I have collected as part of my ethnographic research
in the Tunisian Sahara in 1975/1977 and in Morocco since 1992. These toys and
other playthings have been donated to museums or socio-cultural associations in
Australia, Belgium, France, Italy and Morocco in order to preserve, disseminate
and promote this heritage.
The chronological order of these donations is as follows:
The Muse du Jouet de Moirans-en-Montagne, France, 2005/2014, 677 toys.
In October 2014 this museum received all the printed, visual and audiovisual
documents I have collected during my researches on toy making and play
activities to be kept by the Ple Documentaire (http://www.musee-dujouet.com).
The Speelgoedmuseum / Toy Museum in Mechelen, Belgium, within the
project Toys of the World, 2005, 35 toys (http://www.speelgoedmuseum.be).
The Centro per la Cultura Ludica of Turin, Italy, 2008/2010, 272 toys
(http://www.comune.torino.it/iter/servizi/centri_di_cultura/gioco/centro_cultura_ludica/in
dex.shtml).

The Etnografisch Museum / Ethnographic Museum, Antwerpen, Belgium,

2007/2008, 39 toys. In 2011 this museum has been integrated in the Museum
aan de Stroom (MAS) of the same city (http://www.mas.be).
The Centre de Safi of the Fondation Orient-Occident, Safi, Morocco, 2009,
100 toys (http://www.fondation.orient-occident.org).
The Associazione La Lucertola, Ravenna, Italy, 2011, 93 toys
(http://www.lalucertola.org).
The Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia, within the theme Play and

Folklore, 2011, 36 toys (http://museumvictoria.com.au/about/books-andjournals/journals/play-and-folklore).

The mentioned number of toys is only approximate because sometimes a series

of objects is grouped together as one toy, for example in the case of toy utensils,
small houses, attributes for dolls and toy means of transport.

11

The toys given to the Muse du Jouet de Moirans-en-Montagne most often

belonged to children mostly living in central and southwestern Morocco. Since
2002, Boubaker Daoumani and Khalija Jariaa play an important role in
collecting and describing the toys of Anti-Atlas children. This museum also
received the few Ghrib childrens toys I collected during my fieldwork in the
Tunisian Sahara in 1975 and 1977, research greatly facilitated through the
collaboration of Gilbert J. M. Claus. All these toys, and the play activities in
which the children use them, are described in the books of the collection
Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures.
The information was often collected from children who created toys, but
sometimes adults have remade toys of their childhood. In all these cases natural
material and recycled material were used. Some toys are made by artisans or
come from the toy industry.
Concerning contact with children paternal or maternal authorization has been
gained when collecting data and toys and when taking pictures. It would have
been difficult to do otherwise because the fieldwork is done in the family
compound or the public space. These play activities being freely decided by the
children, it is impossible to get toys, and information on the games for which
they are used, without their consent and active participation.
All these toys bring a strong testimony of children's culture and material
culture in the communities of the concerned regions, a heritage which is
endangered, however. This finding is the major reason that pushed me to donate
collections of North African and Saharan children's toys to toy museums, child
museums or ethnographic museums hoping to stimulate them to save these
almost unknown play cultures and to integrate them in the world heritage.
The creation of a major exhibition by the Muse du Jouet de Moirans-enMontagne, highlighting this collection of toys, marked a high point for valuing
the creativity of children who have been willing to share their playful heritage.
The title of this exposition was Dserts Enfants du Sahara et des Montagnes
de l'Atlas. It opened on June 30th 2006 and ended in December 2008.
Although I made lists with photos of the toys donated to museums these lists
are only working papers. I decided to invest the time necessary to work out
elaborate lists because I am more and more convinced of the need to make the
original data at the base of my publications available to researchers and
interested people. An additional advantage is that I was able to improve the
quality of several photos published in my 2005 and 2008 books.

12
Even if the conservation of these toys is guaranteed by the museums, those
who want to check my analyzes and interpretations would be obliged to go there
and to work in the reserves, something which quickly becomes expensive
especially when one lives in a foreign country, for example in North Africa
where researchers also find themselves facing visa problems.
Another aspect is related to the ethnographic method based on participatory
research whereby it becomes difficult if not impossible to replicate my research
because of the evolution of children's culture. The evolution of the Moroccan
and Saharan rural communities under the influence of consumerism and
globalization pushes children to abandon the local play and toy tradition and to
turn towards what the toy and entertainment industries offer them.
Moreover, a recent publication How to Make More Published Research True
(Ioannidis 2014) stresses the need to register and share data, protocols,
materials, software and other tools to make more truthful published research. By
publishing on the internet this written and visual documentation of Moroccan
and Saharan children's toys, I hope to participate in this effort.
In the same effort to make available the data and to promote knowledge and
appreciation of these children's cultures, I developed a digitized database of
Saharan, North African and Amazigh toy and play cultures. This database will
facilitate the study and use of this heritage for researchers and interested
persons. It is planned that it will become available in some museums and
research centers worldwide.
This catalog is the last one on the donation to the Muse du Jouet de
Moirans-en-Montagne. It will be followed by a volume on the toys donated to
other museums or sociocultural organizations.

13
The geographical terms are indicated on two maps, a map of Morocco and a
map of the Tunisian Sahara with the habitat of the Ghrib population (p. 14).

14

G.J.M. Claus

15

Donation to the Muse du

Jouet de Moirans-en-Montagne

Toys of Moroccan and Tunisian children

related to technical activities

16

This catalog includes about 75 toys related to technical activities created

and/or used between 1975 and 1977 by Ghrib children from the Tunisian
Sahara, and between 1992 and 2012 by Moroccan children, mostly Amazigh
children from Central and Southern Morocco. Adults in these regions redid
some toys of their childhood. A few toys were made by artisans or by the toy
industry. The author donated almost all these toys to the Muse du Jouet de
Moirans-en-Montagne in 2005. In 2014 during a creative workshop for families,
three toys related to transport created in 2011 and 2012 were given to this
museum.
The measures are given in centimeters: BA = base, H = height, L = length, B =
breadth, T = thickness, D = diameter, + = maximum, - = minimum.

Moroccan toys related to technical activities 556-627

Note: The numbers of the figures and pages refer to the publication Rossie, J-P.
(2013). Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures. Technical activities
in play, games and toys.

Moroccan toys for hunting and fighting games 556-568

556. Sling, 1997, fig. 3, p. 56, Ksar Assaka (Midelt), Amazigh, Morocco.

556
422

17
557. Slingshot, 1997, fig. 6, p. 59, Ksar Assaka (Midelt), Amazigh, Morocco.
557
422

558. Folding knife in reed, 1995, fig. 20, p. 70, Midelt, Amazigh, Morocco, L =
25 cm.
559. Folding knife in reed, 1995, fig. 20, p. 70, Midelt, Amazigh, Morocco, L =
25 cm.
560. Cross-guard sword made with the handle of an old brush, 1997, fig. 25, p.
73, Midelt, Amazigh, Morocco, L = 59 cm.
561. Wooden cross-guard sword, 1997, fig. 25, p. 76, Midelt, Amazigh,
Morocco, L = 48 cm.
560

561

18
562. Cross-guard sword in reed, 1997, fig. 26, p. 74, Midelt, Amazigh,
Morocco, L = 47 cm.
562
422

563. Rifle of plastic tubing, 2001, Lahfart, Amazigh, Morocco.

564. Rifle of plastic tubing, 2001, Lahfart, Amazigh, Morocco.
565. Rifle, 2005, fig. 51, p. 87, Ikenwn, Amazigh, Morocco, L = 25.5 cm.
565
422

566. rifle in reed for the Fantasia, 2005, fig. 35, p. 79, Igsel, Amazigh,
Morocco, 2005, L = 63 cm.
566
422

19
567. Plastic water revolver (industrial fabrication), 2001, fig. 62, p. 95, Lahfart,
Amazigh, Morocco, L = 17 cm.
567
422

568. Set of plastic weapons to play policeman, imported from China, 2005, fig.
60, p. 94, Tan-Tan, Morocco.
568
422

20

Moroccan toys for games related to transport 569-621

569. Skateboard, 2005, fig. 86, p. 111, Igsel, Amazigh, Morocco.
569
422

570. Skateboard, 2005, fig. 74-77, p. 105-106, Sidi Ifni, Amazigh, Morocco, L
= 56 cm.

570
422

21
571. Moto-Ramadan, 1995, fig. 98, p. 120, Ksar Assaka, Amazigh, Morocco,
L = 41 cm.
571
422

572. Motorbike with biker, 1999, fig. 99, p. 121, Zada, Amazigh, Morocco,
H = 10 cm, L = 16 cm.
572
422

22

573. Voiture en folioles de palmier, 1992, fig. 193, p. 175, Morocco Central.
573
422

574. Wooden car, 1999, fig. 133, p. 138, Zada, Amazigh, Morocco, L = 13 cm.
574
422

23
575. Car with two wheels and and a steering wheel made with the upper part of
a can of oil, fig. 127, p. 135, Midelt, Morocco, H = 136.
575
422

576. Plastic car, 1992, fig. 189, p. 168, Marrakech, Morocco.

576-578
422

24

577. Plastic car, 1992, fig. 189, p. 168, Marrakech, Morocco.

578. Plastic car, 1992, fig. 189, p. 168, Marrakech, Morocco.
579. Car with two wheels made with floats of a fishing net, 1994, fig. 112, p.
127, Tamri region, Morocco.
579
422

580. Small car with two wheels and a steering wheel, 2001, fig. 174, p. 161,
Lahfart, Amazigh, Morocco, H = 25 cm.
581. Car made with a yoghurt pot and having two wheels, 2001, fig. 174, p.
161, Lahfart, Amazigh, Morocco, H = 4.5 cm.

580
422

581

25

582. Big car with two wheels and a steering wheel, 2001, fig. 175-177, p. 161162, Lahfart, Amazigh, Morocco, H = 148 cm.
582
422

583. Big car with two wheels and a steering wheel, 2005, fig. 134-136, p. 139,
Igsel, Amazigh, Morocco, H = 163 cm.
584. Big car with two wheels and a steering wheel, 2005, fig. 184-186, p. 165,
Sbouya region, Amazigh, Morocco, H+ = 120 cm.

26

583
422

584
422

585. Car with one wheel of tinplate, 1999, fig. 124-125, p. 134, Midelt,
Amazigh, Morocco, L = 130 cm.
586. Car with two rubber wheels, 1999, fig. 129-130, p.137, Tataouine,
Amazigh, Morocco, H = 86 cm.
587. Car with a steering wheel made of iron wire and with two rubber wheels,
1999, fig. 129-130, p.137, Tataouine, Amazigh, Morocco, H = 122 cm.

27
585
422

586
422

587
422

28
588. Car made with a reed and with two wheels of rubber, 1999, fig. 131-132,
p. 137, Tataouine, Amazigh, Morocco, 105 cm.
589. Car made with a reed and with two wheels of rubber, 1999, fig. 131-132,
p. 137, Tataouine, Amazigh, Morocco, H = 104 cm.
588
422

589
422

590. Car with two pieces of cardboard in the plastic box, 1997, Midelt,
Amazigh, Morocco.
591. Car with trailer for luggage, made from two tin cans, 1999, fig. 122-123,
p. 132-133, Midelt, Amazigh, Morocco, L+ car = 19 cm.
592. Car with trailer for luggage, made from two tin cans, 1999, fig. 122-123,
p. 132-133, Midelt, Amazigh, Morocco.

29

591-592
422
593. Car with two white plastic bottles as wheels, 1997, p. 127, Tiddas,
Amazigh, Morocco, L = environ 1.5 m.
594. Car with a steering wheel made of iron wires and steering wheel with a
cross in the circle, 1997, Midelt, Amazigh, Morocco.
595. Tin car made by a girl, 2005, fig. 180, p. 164, Lahfart, Amazigh, Morocco,
L = 13 cm.
595
422

30
596. Car made with a sardines box, 2005, fig. 179, p. 163, Lahfart, Amazigh,
Morocco, L = about 11 cm.
597. Car made with a sardines box, 2005, fig. 179, p. 163, Lahfart, Amazigh.
598. Car made with a sardines box, 2005, fig. 179, p. 163, Lahfart, Amazigh.
596-598
422

599. Car with four seats in polystyrene, 2005, Lahfart, Amazigh, Morocco.
599
422

31

600. Car and caravan, 2005, fig. 151, p. 148, Ikenwn, Amazigh, Morocco,
L+ = 72 cm.
600
422

601. Bus for tourists in polystyrene, 2005, fig. 197, p. 173, Ikenwn, Amazigh,
Morocco, L = 38 cm.
601
422

602. Line shelter modeled in clayish earth, 2001, fig. 198, p. 173, Lahfart,
Amazigh, Morocco, H = 3.8 cm.
602
422

32
603. Truck with a wooden spool used for the front wheels, 1997, fig. 213, p.
184, Midelt, Amazigh, Morocco, H = 108 cm.
603
422

604. Truck with a gray spool used as wheels, 1997, Midelt, Amazigh, Morocco.
605. Truck made with a can of sardines and attached with an iron wire to the
reed, 1999, fig. 214, p. 184, Midelt, Amazigh, Morocco, H = environ 1m.
605
422

33
606. Truck with system to lift loads, 1995, fig. 209-211, p. 181-182, Ksar
Assaka, Amazigh, Morocco.
606
422

607. Trailer truck of tinplate, 1999, fig. 215, p. 185, Midelt, Amazigh,
Morocco, L = 56 cm.
607
422

34
608. Truck made with a large transparent plastic bottle and four rubber pieces
as wheels, 1999, fig. 219, p. 188, Tataouine, Amazigh, Morocco, H = 104
cm, L chassis = 35 cm.
608
422

609. Truck made of a reed, four rubber pieces as wheels and half a can of oil,
1999, fig. 220, p. 188, Tataouine, Amazigh, Morocco, H = 146 cm, L
chassis = 33 cm.
609
422

35
610. Truck made with three cans of sardines superimposed, 2005, fig. 179, p.
163, Lahfart, Amazigh, Morocco, L+ = 11 cm (see fig. 596-598, p. 30).
611. Tanker truck, 2005, Ikenwn, Amazigh, Morocco.
612. Traks (road construction machinery, bulldozer), 2005, fig. 248, p. 210,
Sidi Ifni, Morocco.
612
422

613. Traks (road construction machinery), 2005, fig. 244, p. 206, Ikenwn,
Amazigh, Morocco, L = 8.5 cm.
613
422

36

614. Toy harvester, 2005, fig. 250, p.211, Igsel, Amazigh, Morocco, H = 13
cm.
614
422

615. Paper planes (2), 1996, fig. 270, p. 227, Midelt, Amazigh, Morocco.
615
422

616. Military airplane, 2011, fig. 276, p. 231, Douar Ouaraben, Amazigh,
Morocco, L = 17 cm.

37
616
422

617. Avion militaire, 2011, fig. 277, p. 232, Douar Ouaraben, Amazigh,
Morocco, L = 14 cm.
617
422

38
618. Lacoptr (helicopter), 2005, Sidi Ifni, Morocco.
619. Paper fishing boats (11), 2001, fig. 260, p. 219, Lahfart, Amazigh,
Morocco, L = between 3 cm and 12 cm.
619
422

620. Rocket and catapult, imported from China, Sidi Ifni, Morocco, 2005.
621. Car of the Suret Nationale Marocaine with driver, 2012, Ikenwn,
Amazigh, Morocco.
621
422

39

Moroccan toys for games related to communication 622-627

622. Radio modeled with clayish earth, 2002, fig. 299, p. 248, Lahfart,
Amazigh, Morocco.
622
422

623. Wooden photo camera, 2005, fig. 305, p. 252, Guelmim, Amazigh,
Morocco, H = 10 cm.

623
422

40

624. Wooden photo camera with recuperated materials, 2005, fig. 306, p. 253,
Igsel, Amazigh, Morocco, L = 9.5 cm.
624
422

625. Cell phone in clayish earth with antenna, 2001, fig. 294, p. 246, Lahfart,
Amazigh, Morocco, H = 8 cm.
625
422

626. Cell phone in clayish earth with antenna, 2001, Lahfart, Amazigh,
Morocco.

41
627. Cell phone in clayish earth, 2005, fig. 296, p. 246, Lahfart, Amazigh,
Morocco, H = 8 cm.
627
422

Tunisian toys related to technical activities 628-630

Note: The numbers of the figures and pages refer to the publication Rossie, J-P.
(2013). Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures. Technical activities
in play, games and toys.

628. Arrow thrower of reed with a rubber band and a long palm spine, 1975,
fig. 13, p.63, Ghrib, Tunisian Sahara, L = 15 cm.
628
422

42

629. Big truck and trailer made with tin boxes, 1975, Ghrib, Tunisian Sahara.
629
422

630. Imitation of the tape recorder, used by researcher Gilbert J. M. Claus,

using a matchbox, 1973, fig. 300, p. 248, Ghrib, Tunisian Sahara.

630
422

43

Donation to the Muse du

Jouet de Moirans-en-Montagne

Toys of Moroccan and Tunisian children

related to games of skill

44

Moroccan toys related to games of skill 631-654

Note: the Moroccan toys related to games of skill will be described later in the
last volume of the collection Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures.
Games of skill and chance.
631. Knucklebones (19), 2005, Morocco.
631
422

632. Buzzer or whirligig made with a flattened disc and a thread (9), 1998,
Midelt, Morocco.
632
422

633. Buzzer or whirligig la'ab ou koul (play and eat) and a thread (5), 1999,
Midelt, Morocco.
633
422

45
634. Artisanal wooden spinning top with thread, 1992, Marrakech, Morocco.
634
422

635. Artisanal spinning top with ring and thread, 1994, Rabat, Morocco.
635
422

636. Spinning top with white lines, 1997, Midelt, Morocco.

637. Spinning top with white lines, 1997, Midelt, Morocco.
636- 637
422

46
638. Spinning top made with a plastic bottle stopper and a small stick, 1997,
Midelt, Amazigh, Morocco.
638
422

639. Spinning top made with recuperated items (2), 2005, Tan-Tan, Morocco.

639
422
640. Wooden spinning top and red bottle stopper, 2005, Sidi Ifni, Morocco.
641. Plastic spinning top imported from China, 2005, Tan-Tan, Morocco.

47
641
422

642. Toy for creating soap bubbles made with iron wire and a plastic rod, 2000,
Midelt, Morocco.

642
422
643. Plastic set for creating soap bubbles, imported from China, 2005, Tan-Tan,
Morocco.
644. Yoyo made with recuperated items, 2005, Igsel, Amazigh, Morocco.

644
422

48
645. Halters for weight lifting made with clayish earth and a stick, 2001,
Lahfart, Amazigh, Morocco.
645
422

646. Kite, 2001, Lahfart, Amazigh, Morocco.

646
422
647. Kite, 2005, Sidi Ifni, Morocco.
648. Paratshi (parachute/kite), 2005, Guelmim, Amazigh, Morocco.

49

648
422
649. Fishing line, 1999, Midelt, Morocco.
650. Plastic packaging Yamuzar for teasing game (inflate, wind up, release),
2000, Midelt, Morocco.
651. Plastic packaging Yamuzar for teasing game (inflate, wind up, release),
2000, Midelt, Morocco.
650
422

651
422

50

652. Aquaplay in plastic, 1999, Midelt, Morocco.

653. Set to play the game of sig (sand, stones, charcoal pieces), 2005, Tan-Tan,
Sahrawi, Morocco.
653
422

654. Set to play the game of sig (eight sticks), 2005, Tan-Tan, Sahrawi,
Morocco.
654
422

51

Tunisian toys related to games of skill 655-662

Note : Note: the Tunisian toys related to games of skill will be described later in
the last volume of the collection Saharan and North African Toy and Play
Cultures. Games of skill and chance.
655. Five white stones serving as knucklebones or as pawns for strategy games,
1975, Ghrib, Tunisian Sahara.

655
422
656. Sling or pendulum made by the boy's mother (gypsum stone attached to a
braided horsehair or hair thread), 1975, Ghrib, Tunisian Sahara.

656
422

52
657. Tourniquet, 1975, Ghrib, Tunisian Sahara.
657
422

658. Spinning top made of a pomegranate, 1975, Ghrib, Tunisian Sahara.

658
422

659. Spinning top made of tiny fruit, 1975, Ghrib, Tunisian Sahara.
660. Little mill made with a palm leaf (the spine serving as axle is lacking),
1975, Ghrib, Tunisian Sahara.
661. Little mill made with a palm leaf (the spine serving as axle is lacking),
1975, Ghrib, Tunisian Sahara.
660-661
422

53
662. Oil lamp made with a small box of canned goods and a wick made of a
piece of cloth, 1977, Ghrib, Tunisian Sahara.
662
422

54

Photographers
Khalija Jariaa has taken the photos 616 and 617.
Jean-Pierre Rossie has taken the other photos.

References
The publications of Rossie J-P. (except the one of 2012) are available on:
Academia.edu : https://independent.academia.edu/JeanPierreRossie
Scribd : https://www.scribd.com/jean_pierre_rossie
Sanatoyplay : http://www.sanatoyplay.org (publications)
Claus, G. J. M. (1983). The Pastoral Ghrib of the Northwestern Tunisian
Sahara. Causes and Effects of the Transition from Nomadism to
Sedentariness. In Liber Memorialis Prof. Dr. P.J. Vandenhoute 1913-1978,
Gent : Seminarie voor Etnische Kunst, H.I.K.O, Rijksuniversiteit te Gent,
129-143.
Claus, G. J. M. (1997). Grossesse, naissance et enfance. Us et coutumes chez les
Bdouins Ghrib du Tunisian Sahara. In Conception, naissance et petite
enfance au Maghreb. Les Cahiers de l'IREMAM, 9/10, Aix-en-Provence :
Institut de Recherches et d'Etudes sur le Monde Arabe et Musulman, 181208, ill.
Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2014). How to Make More Published Research True. PLOS
Medicine, Volume 11, Issue 10, p. 1-6, e1001747, doi: 10.1371,
journal.pmed. 1001747 (www.plosmedicine.org) - retrieved on 2015-01-20 from
https://www.academia.edu/s/b2e796fba7e2dd5e44751e9cabbf772c

Magalhes, L. & Rossie J-P. (2014). Children as toy makers and toy users:
Television relevance in Moroccan rural child play. In Childhood Remixed: a
special edition with papers drawn from the international Children and
Childhoods Conference held at UCS, July 2013, Suffolk: Childhood Remixed
Journal, University Campus, February 2014, 112 p., 77-85. Available on:
http://www.ucs.ac.uk/Faculties-and-Centres/Faculty-of-Arts,-Business-and-AppliedSocial-Science/iSEED/Childhood-Remixed-Journal-2014.pdf

Rossie, J-P. (1993). Childrens Play, Generations and Gender with Special
Reference to the Ghrib (Tunisian Sahara). In C. Gougoulis (Ed.), Special
Issue on Childrens Play. Ethnographica, IX, Athens: Peloponnesian Folklore
Foundation, 256, 193-201 (Greek text with the illustrations, 57-69).

55
Rossie, J-P. (2005a). Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures.
Children's dolls and doll play. Foreword by Dominique Champault,
Stockholm International Toy Research Centre, Stockholm: Royal Institute of
Technology, 328, 163 ill.
Rossie, J-P. (2005b). Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures. The
animal world in play, games and toys. Foreword by Theo van Leeuwen,
Stockholm International Toy Research Centre, Stockholm: Royal Institute of
Technology, 219, 107 ill.
Rossie, J-P. (2006). Feasts and rituals in Moroccan childrens games and
toys. Play & Folklore, 47, Melbourne: Museum Victoria, 3-8, 4 ill. - Review
published on the Internet: http://museumvictoria.com.au/pages/6133/play-andfolklore-issue47-jan2006.pdf

Rossie, J-P. (2008). Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures.
Domestic life in play, games and toys. Foreword by Gilles Brougre,
Stockholm International Toy Research Centre, Stockholm: Royal Institute of
Technology, 438 p., 410 ill.
Rossie, J-P. (2011a). Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures.
Commented bibliography on play, games and toys. Stockholm International
Toy Research Centre, Stockholm: Royal Institute of Technology, 72.
Rossie, J-P. (2011b). North African and Saharan childrens games of skill.
PowerPoint presentation with 78 slides.
Rossie, J-P. (2012). Material culture in North African childrens play and toy
heritage. In Kate Darian-Smith & Carla Pascoe (eds). Children, Childhood
and Cultural Heritage, Collection: Key Issues in Cultural Heritage, London:
Routledge, 320 p., 270-283, 3 ill.
Rossie, J-P. (2013a). Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures.
Technical activities in play, games and toys. Foreword by Sudarshan Khanna,
Braga: Centre for Philosophical and Humanistic Studies, Faculty of
Philosophy, Catholic University of Portugal, 360, 350 ill.
Rossie, J-P. (2013b). Toys, Play, Culture and Society. An anthropological
approach with reference to North Africa and the Sahara. Foreword by Brian
Sutton-Smith, Stockholm International Toy Research Centre, Stockholm:
Royal Institute of Technology, 256, 144 ill. Digitized version of the 2005
edition with the original color photographs.
Rossie, J-P. (2013c). Rves dEnfants. Jeux et Jouets de lAnti-Atlas et du
Sahara : brochure pour lexposition rves denfants Turin. 55, 57 ill.
Rossie, J-P. (2013d). Sand as environment and material in Saharan childrens
play and toy-making activities. Play & Folklore, 60, Victoria, Australia:
Museum Victoria, 4-9, 6 ill. Review published on the Internet:
http://museumvictoria.com.au/pages/50055/play_and_folklore_no60_dec_2013.pdf

56
Rossie, J-P. (2014). Videos on Moroccan childrens play and toys available on
YouTube: References and Notes. 1.12.2014, 33 p. These videos are
available on YouTube channel Sanatoyplay Rossie JP:
https://www.youtube.com/user/sanatoyplay

Rossie, J-P. (2015a). Saharan North African Amazigh Childrens Toy

Catalogs: Donation to Centro per la Cultura Ludica in Turin. Braga: Centre
for Philosophical and Humanistic Studies, Faculty of Philosophy, Catholic
University of Portugal, 93, 179 ill.
Rossie, J-P. (2015b). Saharan North-African Amazigh Childrens Toy
Catalogs: Donation to Muse du Jouet de Moirans-en-Montagne: first part,
dolls and toy animals. Braga: Centre for Philosophical and Humanistic
Studies, Faculty of Philosophy, Catholic University of Portugal, 72 p., 127 ill.
Rossie, J-P. (2015c). Saharan North-African Amazigh Childrens Toy
Catalogs: Donation to Muse du Jouet de Moirans-en-Montagne: second
part, toys related to domestic life, Braga: Centre for Philosophical and
Humanistic Studies, Faculty of Philosophy, Catholic University of Portugal,
72 p., 110 ill.
Rossie, Jean-Pierre (2015d). Games of physical skill from the Tunisian Sahara
and Morocco: anthropological research and physical education for peace.
Stockholm International Toy Research Centre, Stockholm: Royal Institute of
Technology, 59, 64 ill. New version 2015 of the 2001article.
Rossie, Jean-Pierre (2015e). Los juegos de habilidad fsica del Shara tunecino
y de Marruecos: investigacin antropolgica y educacin para la paz.
Stockholm International Toy Research Centre, Stockholm: Royal Institute of
Technology, 59, 64 ill. New version 2015 of the 2001article.
Rossie, J-P. (2016). Saharan North-African Amazigh Childrens Toy
Catalogs: Donation to Muse du Jouet de Moirans-en-Montagne: third part:
toys related to technical activities and games of skill, 57, 76 ill.
Rossie, J-P., Jariaa, Kh. & Daoumani, B. (2016). Saharan and North African
Toy and Play Cultures. Make-believe play among children of the Moroccan
Anti-Atlas. Braga : Centre for Philosophical and Humanistic Studies, Faculty
of Philosophy, Catholic University of Portugal, anticipated publication, 284,
303 ill.

57

Index of places and populations

The references of the index can be found by using the search function.

Amazigh
Anti-Atlas

Marrakech
Midelt
Morocco

Berber, see Amazigh

Rabat
China
Douar Ouaraben
Ghrib
Guelmim

Sahrawi
Sbouya
Sidi Ifni

Kenitra
Ksar Assaka

Tamri
Tan-Tan
Tataouine
Tiddas
Tiznit
Tunisia
Tunisian Sahara

Lahfart

Zada

Igsel (Iguisel)
Ikenwn