EJERCICIOS RESUELTOS DE ACCIONAMIENTOS ELECTRICOS.

Primer Semestre 2013

1.- Una MIT, rotor bobinado conectado en estrella, de cuatro polos, 380 V entre fase, 50 Hz; tiene los
siguientes parmetros por fase del circuito equivalente con parmetros referidos::
R1 = 1.05 ohms, R2= 0.98 ohms, X1 = 1.3 ohms, X2=1.94 ohms, Xm = 60.0 ohms,
J=2. Nms^2, Razon de transformador= 1, las prdidas del fierro y mecnicas son despreciables.
Si la MIT opera una carga proporcional a la velocidad a deslizamiento de 0.024.
Disee un arrancador de 2 etapas con par lmite mximo de 0.8 Tc.
Determine el valor de las resistencias externas.
Dibuje la CM del Motor y carga en el arranque.
Calcule el tiempo de arranque del motor.
Grafique la velocidad y el par motor de arranque, en funcin del tiempo

Datos del problema:

Vs :=

380

R1 := 1.05

X1 := 2.5j

frec := 50

Xm := 60.0j

J := 2

P := 4

w0 :=

R2 := 0.98

X2 := 2.94j

w0rad = 157.08

sL := 0.024

120 frec
P

w0rad := w0

2
60

Parmetros del Equivalente Thevenin y de la Caracterstica de Operacin del MIT, y Condicin de Carga

vth := Vs

Xm

vth = 210.558 + 3.537i

( R1 + X1 + Xm)

zth :=

[ ( R1 + X1) Xm]
( R1 + X1 + Xm)

Rth := Re( zth)

ir :=

vth

ir = 4.997

zth +
+ X2

sL

R2

Te :=

R2

w0rad sL

Xth := Im( zth)

( ir

wL := w0rad ( 1 sL)

R2

sc :=
2

Rth + ( Xth + X2 )

sc = 0.18
2

Tc :=

3 ( vth

zth = 0.967 + 2.416i

)2

Te = 19.473

wL = 153.31

)2

2
2

2 w0rad Rth + Rth + ( Xth + X2 )

Tc = 66.063

Ecuacin cuadrtica a resolver:

Tmax := 0.8 Tc

a :=

Rth

s1p :=

B
2 A

s/sc +sc/s + 2 a sc = (2 Tc (1 + a sc))/Tmax

2 Tc ( 1 + a sc)

A :=

Tmax

(B2 4AC)
2 A

B := 2 a sc KK

sc

s1p = 0.381

s2p :=

smax := s2p

Rt :=

Etapas := 2

smin :=

B
2 A

smin

Ra :=

R2

R2

smin

Rb :=

R2

R2

R2

Rt = 11.519

smax

R2 smax
Rt

smin = 0.025

s1 = 0.292

w11 := w0rad ( 1 s1 )

w11 = 111.263

s1

Ra = 3.36

Ra1 := Rt Ra

Ra1 = 8.159

Ra

s2 = 0.085

w22 := w0rad ( 1 s2 )

w22 = 143.716

s2

Rb = 0.98

Ra2 := Ra Rb

Ra2 = 2.38

smax

Itmax := 5

s2p = 0.085

2 A

Rt

smax

s2 :=

C := sc

(B2 4AC)

Etapas

s1 :=

= 0.127

wL

Tmax = 52.85

KK :=

R2

Te

:=

Carga del motor es linealmente dependiente de la velocidad

i := 0 .. Itmax

s( i ) := smax

( smax sL)
Itmax

TT( i ) :=

2 Tc ( 1 + a sc)
s( i )
sc

w( i ) := w0rad ( 1 s( i ) )

sc
s( i )

+ 2 a sc

Tconj ( i ) := TT( i ) w( i )

i =

s( i ) =

w( i ) =

TT( i ) =

Tconj ( i ) =

0.085

143.716

52.85

34.596

0.073

145.635

48.157

29.658

0.061

147.553

42.502

23.76

0.048

149.472

35.837

16.851

0.036

151.391

28.148

8.918

0.024

153.31

19.473

-3.55310-15

i1 := 0 .. Itmax
s( i1) := 1

( 1 s1 )

i1

Itmax

w1( i1) := w0rad ( 1 s( i1) )

a1 :=

Rth
Rt

TT1 ( i1) :=

Rth + ( Xth + X2 )

( s1 s2 )
Itmax

i1

w2( i1) := w0rad ( 1 s( i1) )

a2 :=

( s2 sL)
Itmax

i1

w3( i1) := w0rad ( 1 s( i1) )

TT1 ( i1) =

s( i1)

+ 2 a1 sc1

Ra

a3 :=

2 Tc ( 1 + a2 sc2)
s( i1)

sc2
s( i1)

+ 2 a2 sc2

Rth

Rb

sc3 :=

Rb

TT3 ( i1) :=

Ra
Rth + ( Xth + X2 )

Rth + ( Xth + X2 )

2 Tc ( 1 + a sc)
s( i1)
sc

w1( i1) =

sc1

sc2 :=

sc2

s( i1) := s2

Rth

TT2 ( i1) :=

2 Tc ( 1 + a1 sc1)
s( i1)
sc1

s( i1) := s1

Rt

sc1 :=

w2( i1) =

sc
s( i1)

+ 2 a sc

TT2 ( i1) =

w3( i1) =

TT3 ( i1) =

52.85

111.263

52.85

143.716

52.85

22.253

48.226

117.754

48.226

145.635

48.157

44.505

42.666

124.244

42.666

147.553

42.502

66.758

36.123

130.735

36.123

149.472

35.837

89.01

28.583

137.225

28.583

151.391

28.148

111.263

20.081

143.716

20.081

153.31

19.473

160
152
144
136
128
w1 ( i1) 120
w2 ( i1) 112
104
w3 ( i1) 96
88
w1 ( i1) 80
72
w2 ( i1) 64
w3 ( i1) 56
48
40
32
24
16
8
0

2.75 5.5 8.25 11 13.75 16.5 19.25 22 24.75 27.5 30.25 33 35.75 38.5 41.25 44 46.75 49.5 52.25 55
TT1( i1) , TT2( i1) , TT3( i1) , w1( i1) , w2( i1) , w3( i1)

Tconj1( i1) := TT1 ( i1) w1( i1)

Tconj1( i1) =

52.85

38.718

34.596

33.268

29.658

37.013

26.885

23.76

27.644

19.517

16.851

17.277

11.153

8.918

5.948

1.826

-3.55310-15

w11
Itmax

i2 := 1 .. Itmax

w = 22.253

Tpro1( i2) :=

ta( i2) := J

w :=

( w22 w11)
Itmax

Tconj3( i1) := TT3 ( i1) w3( i1)

Tconj3( i1) =

45.399

Tiempo de Arranque

w :=

Tconj2( i1) =

Tconj2( i1) := TT2 ( i1) w2( i1)

w = 6.491

2
i2

tta( i2) :=

Tpro1( i2)

Tpro2( i2) :=

tb( i2) := J

( Tconj1( i2 1 ) + Tconj1( i2) )

i2 = 1

J w
Tpro1( i2)

( Tconj2( i2 1 ) + Tconj2( i2) )

2
w

Tpro2( i2)

i2

ttb( i2) := tta( Itmax) +

i2 = 1

tb( i2)

w :=

( wL w22)

w = 1.919

Itmax

Tpro0( i2) :=

tc( i2) := J

Tpro1( i2) =

Tpro2( i2) =
35.993

32.127

41.206

30.077

26.709

32.328

23.201

20.305

22.46

15.335

12.884

11.613

6.49

4.459

tta( i2) =

2
i2

ttc( i2) := ttb( Itmax) +

Tpro0( i2)

tc( i2)

i2 = 1

tb( i2) =

ttb( i2) =

t1arr := tta( Itmax)

t1arr = 9.177

t2arr := ttb( Itmax) t1arr

t2arr = 4.199

t3arr := ttc( Itmax) t2arr

t3arr = 10.787

tc( i2) =

ttc( i2) =

0.906

0.906

0.361

9.537

0.119

13.495

1.08

1.986

0.432

9.969

0.144

13.638

1.377

3.363

0.56

10.528

0.189

13.827

1.981

5.344

0.846

11.375

0.298

14.125

3.832

9.177

13.375

0.861

14.986

153.31
145.644
137.979
130.313
0
122.648
114.982
w1 ( i2)
107.317
w2 ( i2) 99.651
91.986
w( i2)
84.32
76.655
TT1( i2) 68.989
TT2( i2) 61.324
53.658
TT3( i2) 45.993
38.327
30.662
22.996
15.331
7.665
0

Tpro0( i2) =

49.125

ta( i2) =

( Tconj3( i2 1 ) + Tconj3( i2) )

0 0.7491.4992.2482.9973.7464.4965.2455.9946.7447.4938.2428.9919.74110.4911.239
11.989
12.738
13.487
14.236
14.986
0 , tta( i2) , ttb( i2) , ttc( i2) , tta( i2) , ttb( i2) , ttc( i2)

2.- Si el MITRB del ejercicio previo con su arrancador calculado y ajustados sus tiempos, opera ahora un par
de carga proporcional a la velocidad y que tiene un deslizamiento permanente de 0.03.
Grafque la C.M. del Motor y carga en el arranque.
determine y Grafique la velocidad y el par motor de arranque, en funcin del tiempo

Datos del problema:

Vs :=

380

R1 := 1.05

X1 := 2.5j

frec := 50

Xm := 60.0j

J := 2

P := 4

w0 :=

R2 := 0.98

X2 := 2.94j

120 frec
P

w0rad := w0

w0rad = 157.08

60

sLnue := 0.03

Nueva condicin de Operacin del MIT para la nueva carga

vth = 210.558 + 3.537i

ir :=

zth = 0.967 + 2.416i

vth

zth + R2 + X2

sLnue

ir = 6.183

Te :=

R2

w0rad sLnue

( ir

)2

Te = 23.853

wL := w0rad ( 1 sLnue)

wL = 152.367

Constante del Par de carga linealmente dependiente de la velocidad

nue :=

Te

nue = 0.157

wL

Determinacin de Velocidades considerando tiempos y resistencias de CM en arranque:

sc = 0.18

Tc = 66.063

Rt = 11.519

i1 := 0 .. Itmax

i2 := 1 .. Itmax

w11 = 111.263

w11 := 106.769

s1 :=

( w0rad w11)
w0rad

s( i1) := 1

( 1 s1 )
Itmax

i1

Ra = 3.36

Rb = 0.98

a1 = 0.084

sc1 = 2.116

TT1 ( i1) :=

2 Tc ( 1 + a1 sc1)
s( i1)
sc1

sc1
s( i1)

+ 2 a1 sc1

w1( i1) := w0rad ( 1 s( i1) )

w :=

Tpro1( i2) :=

( Tconj1( i2 1 ) + Tconj1( i2) )

TT1 ( i1) =

w = 21.354

Itmax

ta( i2) := J

w1( i1) =

w11

Tconj1( i1) := TT1 ( i1) nue w1( i1)

w
Tpro1( i2)

i2

tta( i2) :=

ta( i2) =

tta( i2) =

52.85

52.85

48.43

45.087

0.872

0.872

42.708

43.151

36.465

1.047

1.92

64.061

36.969

26.941

1.347

3.267

85.415

29.868

16.497

1.966

5.233

106.769

21.872

5.158

3.944

9.177

w22 = 143.716

w22 := 140.631

s( i1) := s1

w0rad

a2 = 0.288

( s1 s2 )
Itmax

i1

TT2 ( i1) :=

sc2 = 0.617
2 Tc ( 1 + a2 sc2)
s( i1)
sc2

w2( i1) := w0rad ( 1 s( i1) )

w :=

Tpro2( i2) :=

w2( i1) =

( w22 w11)

TT2 ( i1) =

tb( i2) := J

sc2
s( i1)

+ 2 a2 sc2

Tconj2( i1) := TT2 ( i1) nue w2( i1)

w = 6.772

Itmax

( Tconj2( i2 1 ) + Tconj2( i2) )

2

J w

Tpro1( i2)

Tconj1( i1) =

( w0rad w22)

i2 = 1

21.354

s2 :=

t1arr = 9.177

t2arr = 4.199

t1arr + t2arr = 13.375

i2

w
Tpro2( i2)

ttb( i2) := tta( Itmax) +

i2 = 1

Tconj2( i1) =
tb( i2) =

ttb( i2) =

106.769

55.542

38.828

113.541

51.329

33.555

0.374

9.552

120.314

46.148

27.313

0.445

9.997

127.086

39.924

20.029

0.572

10.569

133.859

32.618

11.663

0.855

11.424

140.631

24.238

2.223

1.951

13.375

tb( i2)

wL = 152.367

a3 = 0.987

s( i1) := s2

( s2 sLnue)
Itmax

i1

TT3 ( i1) :=

sc3 = 0.18
2 Tc ( 1 + a sc)
s( i1)
sc

w3( i1) := w0rad ( 1 s( i1) )

w :=

Tpro0( i2) :=

( wL w22)

( Tconj3( i2 1 ) + Tconj3( i2) )

tc( i2) := J

w3( i1) =

TT3 ( i1) =

t3arr = 10.787

ttc( i2) := ttb( Itmax) +

Tpro0( i2)

Tconj3( i1) =
tc( i2) =

ttc( i2) =

142.978

54.414

32.032

0.137

13.512

145.325

48.976

26.226

0.161

13.673

147.673

42.118

19

0.208

13.88

150.02

33.745

10.26

0.321

14.201

23.853

-1.77610-14

0.915

15.116

12

i2 = 1

36.562

+ 2 a sc

i2

58.577

160
152
144
136
128
w1 ( i1) 120
w2 ( i1) 112
104
w3 ( i1) 96
88
w1 ( i1) 80
72
w2 ( i1) 64
56
w3 ( i1)
48
40
32
24
16
8
0

s( i1)

t1arr + t2arr + t3arr = 24.162

140.631

152.367

sc

Tconj3( i1) := TT3 ( i1) nue w3( i1)

w = 2.347

Itmax

15

18

21

24

27

30

33

36

39

42

45

48

TT1( i1) , TT2( i1) , TT3( i1) , nue w1( i1) , nue w2 ( i1) , nue w3 ( i1)

51

54

57

60

tc( i2)

153.31
145.644
137.979
130.313
122.648
114.982
107.317
0
99.651
91.986
w1 ( i2)
84.32
76.655
w2 ( i2)
68.989
w( i2) 61.324
53.658
45.993
38.327
30.662
22.996
15.331
7.665
0

0 0.7561.5122.2673.0233.7794.5355.2916.0476.8027.5588.314 9.07 9.82610.581

11.33712.093
12.849
13.605
14.36115.116
0 , tta( i2) , ttb( i2) , ttc( i2)

54.414
51.694
48.973
46.252
43.532
40.811
38.09
0
35.369
32.649
TT1( i2)
29.928
TT2( i2) 27.207
24.486
TT3( i2) 21.766
19.045
16.324
13.604
10.883
8.162
5.441
2.721
0

0 0.7561.5122.2673.0233.7794.5355.2916.0476.8027.5588.314 9.07 9.82610.581

11.33712.093
12.849
13.605
14.361
15.116
0 , tta( i2) , ttb ( i2) , ttc( i2)