Box Culvert Calculation As Per BD3101

PART OF CALCS - SAMPLE
Job Ref.
1106
Project Title
MUNSTER BLACKWATER, BLACKROCK BRIDGE CULVERTS
Description
3.0x1.8 m CULVERT
National code
BS
Date
Author
22.08.2011
F.PETRUF Ing CEng MIEI
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS FOR 3.0x1.8 m CULVERT

ONLY
CLIENT:
CUSTOMER:
PROJECT:
STRUCTURE:
ENGINEER:
THE OFFICE OF PUBLIC WORKS

CONCAST PRECAST LTD.
MUNSTER BLACKWATER, BLACKROCK
BRIDGE CULVERTS
3.0x1.8 m CULVERT
F. PETRUF Ing CEng MIEI
Client
Customer
Project
Structure
The Office of Public Works

Concast Precast Ltd.
Munster Blackwater, Blackrock Bridge Culverts
3.0x1.8 m Culvert
Ref.
Job Ref.
Engineer
Date
Sheet No.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

Index:
Page No.
General notes
Vertical loading calculation
Horizontal loading calculation
Combinations
10
Internal forces calculation
25
Bearing pressure
56
Settlement
57
ULS and SLS design check
58
Reinforcement output
74
1106
F. Petruf
21/07/2011
2
Client
Customer
Project
Structure

3.0x1.8 m Culvert
Ref.
Job Ref.
Engineer
Date
Sheet No.
1106
F. Petruf
21/07/2011
3
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
General Notes:
Preamble:
This document and related drawings explain the design philosophy for precast concrete culverts.
The culverts above are proposed to use for conveying the watercourse under the carriageway.
Customer Reference Information:

Drawings:
Engineer's drawings No. C9713 Rev. C1 and C1005 Rev. C1
Specification:
Client's particular specification for precast concrete culverts, Appendix 17/5
Design Basis:
1. BS 5400-4:1990 Code of Practice for Design of Concrete Bridges
2. BD 31/01 The Design of Burried Concrete Box and Portal Frame Structures
3. BD 37/01 Loads for Highway Bridges
4. BD 57/01 Design for durability
5. Responsibility of Concast Precast is limited to design, manufacture and supply of precast concrete
units only. There is no responsibility of Concast Precast for ground conditions and foundations,
temporary works, erection and design associated with overall stability of the structure.
Design Criteria:
Loadings:
Densities of materials to be used in the calculation of loading:
Precast Concrete = 24.00
kN/m3
Backfill = 20.00
Road Surfacing = 23.00
kN/m3
kN/m3
Water = 10.00
kN/m3
Self weight of reinforced concrete = 24.00
kN/m3
Permanent Loads:
Dead Load:
Superimposed Dead Load:
Horizontal Earth Pressure:
Cover over culvert = 20.00

Bed at the base = 18.00
kN/m3
kN/m3
In accordance with BD 37/01
Highway Live Loads:

HA Loading:
HB Loading:
HA loading to be replaced with 30 units HB loading only in case of

cover depth over culvert is greater than 600mm.
Plant Loading:
Plant and materials transported across
culvert during construction of the works, qkplant = 10.00
Plant loading approved as stated in

2
kN/m
e-mail from 28/07/2011.
Client
Customer
Project
Structure

3.0x1.8 m Culvert
Ref.
Job Ref.
Engineer
Date
Sheet No.
1106
F. Petruf
21/07/2011
4
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Highway Live Loads continuous:

Pedestrian Live Loading:
Accidental Loading:
In accordance with BD 37/01, including skid loading
Internal Water Pressure:
During operation of the completed culverts and during a flood event an internal
water pressure is generated in the culverts. This pressure is equivalent to a
hydrostatic head of 3.5m above culvert soffit level shown on the drawings.
Serviceability Requirements :
Cracking:
Durability:
Cover:
The maximum crack width permitted under SLS loading to be 0.25mm

Severe exposure condition
Concrete cover to all reinforcement to be 55mm
Materials Characteristics:
Concrete:
Precast concrete
Reinforced concrete elements, Grade C40/50, fcu = 50.00
N/mm2
Insitu concrete
Upstand to form base for railing, Grade C32/40, fcu = 40.00
N/mm2
Reinforcement:
Main reinforcement
B500B bars to BS 4449:2005, prefix 'B' = High Tensile, fy = 500.00
N/mm2
Secondary reinforcement
B500B bars to BS 4449:2005, prefix 'B' = High Tensile, fy = 500.00
N/mm2
Backfill
Structural backfill to be Type 6N
Bedding
River gravels with min. depth 300mm as shown on the drawings
Ground Conditions:
Cohesion, c = 0.00
kN/mm2
Phi (peak) = 28.00
degrees
Ground modulus used to determine spring supports stiffness, Emin = 10.00
MN/m2
MN/m2
Ground modulus, Emax = 50.00
Note: - final spring stiffness adjusted to result in maximum settlment in the order of 10mm under dead load with
backfill at the finished level.
For calculation of lateral earth pressure, Kmin = 0.20
For calculation of lateral earth pressure, Ko = 0.60
For calculation of lateral earth pressure, Ka = 0.33
Client
Customer
Project
Structure

3.0x1.8 m Culvert
Ref.
Job Ref.
Engineer
Date
Sheet No.
1106
F. Petruf
12/08/2011
7
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Horizontal Loading 3.0x1.8m culvert - 300mm thick walls

Horizontal Loading:
Soil pressure from soil at the roof level with K min and K 0 :
LC 11
LC 12
Horizontal load from backfill material with Kmin, PE = 11.52

Horizontal load from backfill material with K0, PE = 34.56
Depth from bottom of base to PE, HE = 0.800
kN
PE = 0.5**H2*Kmin
kN
m
PE = 0.5**H2*K0
HE = H/3
Soil pressure from 1m deep soil cover over the culvert with K min , K 0 and plant surcharge loading:
BD 31/01
clause 3.2.6
LC 13
LC 14
LC 15
Note: - when the minimum permanent soil pressure is applied on both sides of the culvert, no live load surcharge
shall be applied to either wall.
Horizontal load from backfill material with Kmin, PE = 23.12
Horizontal load from backfill material with K0, PE = 69.36
1m Dp. Soil cover, vertical load on the roof = 20.00
Depth from bottom of base to PE, HE = 1.133
Horizontal load from plant surcharge loading with K0, PS = 20.40
Depth from bottom of base to PS, HS = 1.700
kN
kN
kN/m
m
kN
m
PS = K0*qkplant*H
HS = H/2
Soil pressure from finished cover over the culvert at finished road surface level with K min ,K 0 and
BD 31/01
clause 3.2.1
LC 16
LC 17
LC 18
LC 19
BD 31/01
clause 3.2.6
surcharge load from highway loading:

Note: - allow density of road surfacing to be same like density of backfill for horizontal loading only
- depth of finished cover over the culvert is less than 600mm; do not consider surcharge from HB loading in this
case as per BD 31/01 Clause 3.2.1
Horizontal load from backfill material with Kmin, PE
Horizontal load from backfill material with K0, PE
Depth from bottom of base to PE, HE
Horizontal load from HA surcharge loading with K0, PS
Horizontal load from footpath surcharge loading with K0, PS
Depth from bottom of base to PS, HS
=
=
=
=
=
=
16.88
50.63
0.968
17.43
8.72
1.453
Live load surcharge for HA loading, qkHA = 10.00

Live load surcharge for footpath & cycle track loading, qkFCT = 5.00
Live load surcharge for construction/ plant loading, qkplant = 10.00
kN
kN
m
kN
kN
m
kN/m2
kN/m2
kN/m2
PS = K0*qkHA*H
PS = K0*qkFCT*H
HS = H/2
Client
Customer
Project
Structure

3.0x1.8 m Culvert
Ref.
Job Ref.
Engineer
Date
Sheet No.
1106
F. Petruf
12/08/2011
8
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Horizontal Loading continuous:
BD 37/01
clause 6.10
LC 20
Longitudinal Live Loading

Nominal load HA, loaded length = 3.6m, lane width = 2.5m = 30.98
Nominal load HB omitted, refer to LC4 for details
kN/m
Accidental load due to skidding
LC 21
LC 22
LC 23
Nominal load shall be taken = 300.00

This at the above produces a point load of = 120.00
kN
kN
per lane
per metre width assuming a 2.5m
lane width
Flooding condition with water level at the top of the culvert roof and culvert running dry
The hydrostatic pressure shall be taken = 19.20
kN/m
qh = 10*Z*(1-Kmin)
Z = H2+T1+T2
Flooding condition with culvert running full of water assuming pressure equal to a hydrostatic head of
3.5m of water above the culvert roof
Z = 3.5-H1
The hydrostatic pressure at the finished road surface level = 23.96
kN/m
Z = 3.5+T1
kN/m
Z = 3.5+T1+H2
kN/m
LC 24
Load effects due to maximum temperature

Note: - temperature effects may be neglected where:
BD 31/01
Depth of fill over the culvert at finished road surface, H1 = 0.505
clause 3.2.8
m > 2
m
FAIL
Internal width of box culvert, B1 < 0.2*LT = 3.00
m < 0.80
m
FAIL
20% of total culvert bridge width comprises of 2 No. of PC culvert units, 0.2*LT = 0.80
m
External width of box culvert, B = 3.60
m < 3
m
FAIL
Note: - temperature effects can not be neglected as the above conditions did not pass, calculation follows below
Type of superstructure
Maximum shade air temperature
Maximum effective bridge temperature
Datum temperature for expansion and contraction, 0
Adjustment to max. effective bridge temperature for deck surfacing
Adjustment to max. shade air temperature for height above mean sea level
Nominal maximum shade air temperature
Nominal maximum effective bridge temperature, X
h = 2.40
h1 = 0.3h but < or equal to 0.15m, h1 = 0.150
h2 = 0.3h but > 0.1m and < 0.25m, h2 = 0.250
h1 = 0.3h but < 0.1m+surfacing depth, h3 = 0.605
Area A1 of culvert section from top of roof up to h1 = 0.540
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
h1
h2
h3
m2
m
Area A3 of culvert section from btm of base up to h3 = 1.274
m2
Note: - use BD 37/01 and TRRL Report LR 765 for
C
C
0
C
0
C
0
C
0
C
0
C
0
negligible
0.150
0.250
0.605
T3 [0C]
7.5
2.1
1.5
Effective maximum bridge temperature, Y
Area A2 of culvert section from top of roof up to h2 = 0.900
Positive temperature difference

0
T2 [0C]
h [m] T1 [ C]
m
m
m
m
Group 4
29.0
31.0
10.0
-2.0
-0.16
29.0
29.0
h [m]
T1 [0C]
h1
0.150
17.5
h2
h3
0.250
T2 [0C]
T3 [0C]
12.1
0.605
11.5
the effective max. bridge temperature, Y.

Note:
To calculate max. temperature for loads calculation,
add (X-Y) to the positive temperature difference.
Maximum temperature for loads calculation

0
T3 [0C]
T2 [0C]
h [m] T1 [ C]
h1
h2
h3
0.150
0.250
0.605
19.0
19.0
19.0
Client
Customer
Project
Structure

3.0x1.8 m Culvert
Ref.
Job Ref.
Engineer
Date
Sheet No.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Combinations:
Name
Description
Type
Load cases
CO 1
Soil at roof level - Kmin
Linear - LC1 - Self Weight

ultimate LC3 - Superimposed Dead - Other Loads
Coeff.
[-]
LC11 - PE with Kmin - Soil at the roof

CO 1.1
Soil at roof level - Ko

LC12 - PE with Ko - Soil at the roof
CO 2
1m Dp. soil cover - Kmin

LC13 - PE with Kmin - 1m Dp. cover over culvert
CO 2.1
1m Dp. soil cover - Ko

LC14 - PE with Ko - 1m Dp. cover over culvert
CO 3
1m Dp. cover - Ko - Full

Plant Surcharge + Plant
Load

1m Dp. cover - Ko - Half

Plant Surcharge + Plant
Load
Finished cover - Kmin

CO 5.1
1.5
1.15
1.2
1.5
1.15
1.2
1.6
1.15
1.2
1.6
1.5

ultimate LC2 - Superimposed Dead - Deck Surfacing

LC17 - PE with Ko - finished cover over culvert
Finished cover - Ko - Full

HA Surcharge + HA +
KEL at edge
1.2
LC10 - Plant Loading
LC3 - Superimposed Dead - Other Loads

CO 5
1.15
1.5
LC16 - PE with Kmin - finished cover over culvert

Finished cover - Ko
1.2
1.5

CO 4.1
1.15
1.6
LC15.1 - PS Half plant with Ko - 1m Dp. cover over culvert

CO 4
1.2
1.5
LC10 - Plant Loading

LC15 - PS Full plant with Ko - 1m Dp. cover over culvert
CO 3.1
1.15

1.6
1.15
1.75
1.2
1.5
1.15
1.75
1.2
1.5
1.15
1.75
1.2
LC4 - HA Nominal UDL
1.5
LC5 - HA - KEL at the edge
1.5
1.5
LC18 - PS Full HA with Ko - finished cover over culvert
1.5
Finished cover - Ko - Half Linear - LC1 - Self Weight

HA Surcharge + HA +
KEL at edge
1.15
1.75
1.2
LC4 - HA Nominal UDL
1.5
1.5
1.5
LC18.1 - PS Half HA with Ko - finished cover over culvert
1.5
1106
F. Petruf
22/08/2011
10
1106
Job Ref.
Project Title
3.0x1.8 m CULVERT
Description
BS
National code
22.08.2011
Date
Author
6. Structural model
7. Structural analysis model
Page Number
28
1106
Job Ref.
Project Title
3.0x1.8 m CULVERT
Description
BS
National code
22.08.2011
Date
Author
11. LC5 - HA - KEL at the edge
Z
Y
X
12. LC6 - HA - KEL at the middle
Z
Y
X
13. LC7 - HA - SNWL at the edge
Z
Y
X
Page Number
30
1106
Job Ref.
Project Title
3.0x1.8 m CULVERT
Description
BS
National code
22.08.2011
Date
Author
17. LC11 - PE with Kmin - Soil at the Roof
Z
Y
X
18. LC12 - PE with Ko - Soil at the Roof
Z
Y
X
19. LC13 - PE with Kmin - 1m Dp. cover over culvert
Z
Y
X
Page Number
32
1106
Job Ref.
Project Title
3.0x1.8 m CULVERT
Description
BS
National code
22.08.2011
Date
Author
33. LC24 - Maximum Temperature
Z
Y
X
34. LC25 - Minimum Temperature
Z
Y
X
35. Point forces on beam

Name
F67
F68
F69
F70
F71
Member
System
F
[kN]
Load case
Dir
Type
S1
S1
LC6 - HA - KEL in the middle
W1
W2
W1
LC12 - PE with Ko - Soil at the roof
GCS
Z
GCS
Z
GCS
X
GCS
X
GCS
X
-32.88
Force
-32.88
Force
11.52
Force
-11.52
Force
34.56
Force
x
[m]
Coor
Rep (n)
Orig
0.050 Abso
From
0.500 Rela
From
0.412 Abso
From
0.412 Abso
From
0.412 Abso
From
1
start
1
start
1
start
1
start
1
start
Page Number
38
1106
Job Ref.
Project Title
3.0x1.8 m CULVERT
Description
BS
National code
22.08.2011
Date
Author
Name
Member
Type
Dir
P1
[kN/m]
x1
[m]
Coor
Load case
System
Distribution
P2
[kN/m]
x2
[m]
Loc
LF127
C2
Force
GCS
LF128
LC23 - Flooding - water level 3.5m

above the roof level
W2
GCS
LF129

C4
GCS
LF130

C3
GCS
LF131

S1
Force
Z
Uniform
LF132
LC13 - PE with Kmin - 1m Dp. cover GCS

over culvert
C1
Force
Uniform
LF133

over culvert
C2
Force
Uniform
LF134

over culvert
C1
Force
GCS
Uniform
LF135
LC14 - PE with Ko - 1m Dp. cover

over culvert
S1
GCS
LF136

over culvert
C2
GCS
LF137

over culvert
S2
GCS
Force
X
Trapez
X
Trapez
31.10
0.000 Abso
30.40
0.124 Length
44.10
0.000 Rela
31.10
1.000 Length
44.10
0.000 Abso
44.80
0.124 Length
Orig
Ecc ez
[m]
From end
Force
Force
Force
Force
Trapez
X
Trapez
-44.10
0.000 Abso
-44.80
0.124 Length
-20.00
0.000 Rela
From start
-20.00
0.000 Rela
-20.00
0.000 Rela
From start
0.000 Rela
From start
0.000 Rela
From start
Uniform
0.000 Rela
0.000
0.000
From start
0.000
0.000
From start
0.000
0.000
From start
0.000
0.000
From start
1.000 Length
-44.80
0.000
0.000
1.000 Length
-20.00
0.000
0.000
1.000 Length
-20.00
0.000
0.000
1.000 Length
Uniform
Z
From end
1.000 Length
Uniform
Z
0.000 Rela
0.000
0.000
1.000 Length
-20.00
0.000
0.000

Force
Ecc ey
[m]
0.000
0.000
From start
1.000 Length
0.000
0.000
37. Load cases

Name
LC1
LC2
LC3
LC4
Description
Action type
Self Weight
Superimposed Dead - Deck Surfacing
Superimposed Dead - Other Loads
HA Nominal UDL
Permanent
Permanent
Permanent
Variable
LoadGroup
LG1
LG1
LG1
LG2
Load type
Self weight
Standard
Standard
Static
Page Number
42
1106
Job Ref.
Project Title
3.0x1.8 m CULVERT
Description
BS
National code
22.08.2011
Date
Author
Name
LC5
LC6
LC7
LC8
LC9
LC10
LC11
LC12
LC13
LC14
LC15
LC15.1
LC16
LC17
LC18
LC18.1
LC19
LC19.1
LC20
LC21
LC22
LC23
LC24
LC25
Description
Action type
HA - KEL at the edge

HA - KEL in the middle
HA - SNWL at the edge
HA - SNWL in the middle
Nominal Pedestrian Live Load
Plant Loading
PE with Kmin - Soil at the roof
PE with Ko - Soil at the roof
PE with Kmin - 1m Dp. cover over culvert
PE with Ko - 1m Dp. cover over culvert
PS Full plant with Ko - 1m Dp. cover over culvert
PS Half plant with Ko - 1m Dp. cover over culvert
PE with Kmin - finished cover over culvert
PE with Ko - finished cover over culvert
PS Full HA with Ko - finished cover over culvert
PS Half HA with Ko - finished cover over culvert
PS Full Pedestrian with Ko - finished cover over culvert
PS Half Pedestrian with Ko - finished cover over culvert
Longitudinal HA Live Loading
Accidental load due to skidding
Flooding - water level at roof - culvert running dry
Flooding - water level 3.5m above the roof level
Maximum Temperature
Minimum Temperature
Variable
Variable
Variable
Variable
Variable
Variable
Permanent
Permanent
Permanent
Permanent
Variable
Variable
Permanent
Permanent
Variable
Variable
Variable
Variable
Variable
Variable
Variable
Variable
Variable
Variable
LoadGroup
LG2
LG2
LG2
LG2
LG2
LG2
LG1
LG1
LG1
LG1
LG2
LG2
LG1
LG1
LG2
LG2
LG2
LG2
LG2
LG4
LG2
LG2
LG3
LG3
Load type
Static
Static
Static
Static
Static
Static
Standard
Standard
Standard
Standard
Static
Static
Standard
Standard
Static
Static
Static
Static
Static
Static
Static
Static
Static
Static
38. Load groups

Name
LG1
LG2
LG3
LG4
Load
Permanent
Variable
Variable
Accidental
Relation
Type
Standard
Standard
Exclusive
I - imposed load
T - temperature load
39. Result classes

Name
RC1
List
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
11.1
22.1
33.1
44.1
55.1
5.2
5.3
Linear - Linear
Linear - Linear
Linear - Linear
Linear - Linear
Linear - Linear
- Linear
- Linear
ultimate
- ultimate
ultimate
- ultimate
ultimate
- ultimate
ultimate
- ultimate
ultimate
- ultimate
- ultimate
- ultimate
Page Number
43
1106
Job Ref.
Project Title

3.0x1.8 m CULVERT
Description
BS
National code
22.08.2011
Date
Author
Name
RC2
List
CO 13.1 - Linear - serviceability

CO 14 - Linear - serviceability
LC1
LC2
LC3
LC11
LC12
LC13
LC14
RC3
Page Number
45
1106
Job Ref.
Project Title

3.0x1.8 m CULVERT
Description
BS
National code
22.08.2011
Date
Author
Name
List
LC16
LC17
LC4
LC5
LC6
LC7
LC8
LC9
LC10
LC15
LC15.1
LC18
LC18.1
LC19
LC19.1
LC20
LC21
LC22
LC23
LC24
LC25
RC3
RC4
40. Moment My [kNm], Result Class RC1 - All ULS
Z
Y
Page Number
46
1106
Job Ref.
Project Title
3.0x1.8 m CULVERT
Description
BS
National code
22.08.2011
Date
Author
41. Shear Force Vz [kN], Result Class RC1 - All ULS
Z
Y
42. Internal forces Result Class RC1 - All ULS

Linear calculation, Extreme : Member, System : Principal
Selection : All
Class : RC1
Member
S1
S1
S1
S1
S1
S1
S1
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
W1
W1
W1
W1
W1
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
Case
dx
[m]
5.12/1
6.8/2
5.3/3
5.10/4
5.4/5
5.12/1
3.1/6
5.10/4
6.8/2
3.1/6
5.1/7
5.12/1
1/8
5.10/4
5.10/4
5.10/4
1.1/9
5.12/1
5.12/1
6.1/10
0.000
0.000
2.824
0.000
0.000
2.206
0.000
1.883
0.000
0.000
0.000
1.883
0.000
0.941
2.824
0.000
1.624
0.000
1.065
0.000
N
[kN]
-131.52
40.19
-32.63
-126.66
-37.56
-131.52
-54.64
-100.41
33.06
-76.57
-70.92
-95.54
-16.64
-0.42
-100.41
-264.55
-14.22
-246.41
-237.75
-180.51
Vy
[kN]
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Vz
[kN]
207.68
85.35
-149.82
225.82
164.31
-0.93
69.69
150.31
-71.61
-81.94
-133.95
152.15
-21.18
-73.49
150.31
-24.57
-10.78
-29.43
-131.52
86.03
Mx
[kNm]
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
My
[kNm]
-124.42
-7.47
-39.71
-113.21
-14.90
116.38
-13.59
-12.54
10.55
45.83
47.48
-18.04
7.76
-132.49
128.97
-6.06
-5.11
-3.89
-72.08
-67.44
Mz
[kNm]
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Page Number
47
1106
Job Ref.
Project Title
3.0x1.8 m CULVERT
Description
BS
National code
22.08.2011
Date
Author
Member
C4
C4
C4
Case
LC15
LC23
LC15.1
dx
[m]
0.000
0.000
0.000
N
[kN]
-3.54
3.05
2.45
Vy
[kN]
0.00
0.00
0.00
Vz
[kN]
Mx
[kNm]
My
[kNm]
Mz
[kNm]
-3.54
0.00
0.00
50.91
8.43
0.00
0.00
1.40
-1.65

-9.14
0.00
0.00
52. Bearing Pressure Rz [kN/m] RC3, Spring Support Stiffness Ez = 10 MN/sqm
Z
Y
53. Bearing Pressure Rz [kN/m] RC4, Spring Support Stiffness Ez = 10 MN/sqm
Z
Y
Page Number
56
1106
Job Ref.
Project Title

3.0x1.8 m CULVERT
Description
BS
National code
22.08.2011
Date
Author
54. Settlement [mm] RC4, Spring Support Stiffness Ez = 10 MN/sqm
Z
Y
Page Number
57
Client
Customer
Project
Structure

3.0x1.8 m Culvert
Ref.
Job Ref.
Engineer
Date
Sheet No.
1106
F. Petruf
24/08/2011
58
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
ULS Design check to BS 5400-4:1990

Member:
S1
Result Class/Combination:
RC1/ CO 5.10 and 5.12
General Parameters :
Width of slab, b
Breadth of section, ba and bt
Depth of slab, h
General cover to reinforcement, c
Assumed bar diameter,
Effective depth to the tension reinforcement, d
Characteristic concrete strength at 28-days, fcu
Characteristic strength of reinforcement, fy
Characteristic strength of link reinforcement, fyv
Design Moment :
Design Shear :
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1000
1000
300
55
16
237.0
50
500
500
M = 124.42
V = 225.82
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
kNm
kN
Hogging Moment
External face
Bending :
clause 5.4.2
Section without compresion reinforcement

Assumed area of required tension reinforcement, As
z
z
use z
Area of required tension reinforcement, As
Area of provided tension reinforcement, As, prov
Percentage of the main reinforcement, p
Minimum area of the main reinforcement
clause 5.3.2.3
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
>
3435
199.22
225.15
199.2
1436
3435
1.449
0.15
clause 5.8.4
mm2/m
mm
mm
mm
mm2/m
mm2/m
%
%
B16
at 150 mm C/C
z = (1-1.1*fy*As/(fcu*b*d))*d
z < or = 0.95*d
As = Mu/(0,87*fy*z)
B16
at 150 mm C/C
p =(As,prov/(ba*d))*100
of ba*d
PASS
mm2/m B10
at 200 mm C/C
%
p =(As,prov/(bt*d))*100
%
of bt*d
PASS
Note: allow B20 at 150 mm C/C at wall external face to be anchoraged into roof top and work together with
the above B16 at 150 mm C/C against shear stress. Than As, prov = 3435 mm2/m.
Area of provided secondary reinforcement, As, prov = 393
Percentage of the secondary reinforcement, p = 0.166
Minimum area of the secondary reinforcement > 0.12
Shear :
clause 5.4.4
Shear stress at any cross-section in solid slab, v

Depth factor, s
Minimum s
Maximum s
Ultimate shear stress in concrete, vc
vc=(0,27/m)*(100*As/(b*d))1/3*fcu1/3
Partial safety factor for strength, m
100*As/(b*d)
v = 0.953
Note: No shear links are required.
=
=
=
=
0.953
1.205
0.7
1.5
= 0.836
N/mm2 v = V/(b*d)
s = (500/d)1/4
for d = 2000 mm and more
for d = 100 mm and less
N/mm2 fcu should not exceed 40 N/mm2
= 1.25
= 1.449
<
3.0
< s*vc = 1.0075
PASS
PASS
Client
Customer
Project
Structure

3.0x1.8 m Culvert
Ref.
Job Ref.
Engineer
Date
Sheet No.
1106
F. Petruf
24/08/2011
59
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
SLS Design check to BS 5400-4:1990

Member:
S1
Result Class/ Load Case:
RC3, RC4/ LC14, LC21
General Parameters :
clause 5.8.8.2
Maximum bar spacing, S

acr = (((S/2)^2+(c+DIA/2)^2))^0.5-DIA/2,
acr
Distance from the compression face to the point at which
the crack width is being calculated, a'
Depth of the concrete in compression, dc
Service Moment due to permanent loads:

Service Moment due to live loads:
= 150
= 89.95
mm
mm
= 300
= 106.34
mm
mm
Mg = 11.64
Mq = 73.96
kNm
kNm
Hogging Moment
Hogging Moment
kN/mm2
2
kN/mm
Ec = (5.5*(fcu/1.5)^0.5)/2
Crack width calculation :

Moduli of elasticity of concrete, Ec
Moduli of elasticity of steel, Es
Modular ratio,
p
Depth to neutral axis, x
Ic
STs
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
15.877
200
12.597
0.014
106.337
1.1E+09
0.0006
= (Es/Ec)
mm
mm4
p = As/(bd)
x = (-p+((p)^2+2p)^0.5)*d
STs = /Es*(Mg+Mq)/Ic*(d-x)
Strain at the level where cracking is being considered, 1 = 0.0009

s = 0.0001
1 = STs*(h-x)/(d-x)
s = b*(h-x)^2/(3*Es*As*(d-x))
m is strain at the level where cracking is being considered,

allowing for the stiffening effect of the concrete in the tension zone.
A negative value of m indicates that the section is uncracked.
m = 1-(3.8*bt*h*(a'-dc)/(s*As*(h-dc))*((1-Mq/Mg)*10^-9) = 0.0009
Crack width = 3*acr*m/((1+2*(acr-c)/(h-dc)) = 0.182
Allowable crack width = 0.250
m should not be grater than 1

mm
mm
PASS
Maximum bar spacing, S = 150
Maximum allowable bar spacing should be not grater than
300
mm
mm
PASS
Client
Customer
Project
Structure
Ref.

3.0x1.8 m Culvert
Job Ref.
Engineer
Date
Sheet No.
1106
F. Petruf
24/08/2011
74
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

Box Culvert Calculation As Per BD3101

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PART OF CALCS - SAMPLE

MUNSTER BLACKWATER, BLACKROCK BRIDGE CULVERTS

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS FOR 3.0x1.8 m CULVERT

THE OFFICE OF PUBLIC WORKS

The Office of Public Works

PART OF CALCS - SAMPLE

Vertical loading calculation

Horizontal loading calculation

Internal forces calculation

ULS and SLS design check

The Office of Public Works

PART OF CALCS - SAMPLE

Customer Reference Information:

Engineer's drawings No. C9713 Rev. C1 and C1005 Rev. C1

Client's particular specification for precast concrete culverts, Appendix 17/5

Self weight of reinforced concrete = 24.00

Superimposed Dead Load:

Horizontal Earth Pressure:

Cover over culvert = 20.00

In accordance with BD 37/01

Highway Live Loads:

In accordance with BD 37/01

HA loading to be replaced with 30 units HB loading only in case of

Plant and materials transported across

culvert during construction of the works, qkplant = 10.00

Plant loading approved as stated in

e-mail from 28/07/2011.

The Office of Public Works

PART OF CALCS - SAMPLE

Highway Live Loads continuous:

In accordance with BD 37/01

In accordance with BD 37/01, including skid loading

Internal Water Pressure:

The maximum crack width permitted under SLS loading to be 0.25mm

Phi (peak) = 28.00

Ground modulus used to determine spring supports stiffness, Emin = 10.00

The Office of Public Works

PART OF CALCS - SAMPLE

Horizontal Loading 3.0x1.8m culvert - 300mm thick walls

Horizontal load from backfill material with Kmin, PE = 11.52

surcharge load from highway loading:

Live load surcharge for HA loading, qkHA = 10.00

The Office of Public Works

PART OF CALCS - SAMPLE

Longitudinal Live Loading

Accidental load due to skidding

Nominal load shall be taken = 300.00

Load effects due to maximum temperature

Area A3 of culvert section from btm of base up to h3 = 1.274

Note: - use BD 37/01 and TRRL Report LR 765 for

Effective maximum bridge temperature, Y

Area A2 of culvert section from top of roof up to h2 = 0.900

Positive temperature difference

the effective max. bridge temperature, Y.

Maximum temperature for loads calculation

The Office of Public Works

PART OF CALCS - SAMPLE

Soil at roof level - Kmin

Linear - LC1 - Self Weight

LC11 - PE with Kmin - Soil at the roof

Soil at roof level - Ko

Linear - LC1 - Self Weight

1m Dp. soil cover - Kmin