`REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Monitoring and Billing System

Monitoring and billing system is very important in terms in record keeping used
in school or business transaction, to secure all information and avoid the record
redundancy

or lost data information because the manual process, but using

computerize this problem is removed from the easy, fester, and not time consuming
system for the good result transaction.
According to Carlson (2011), You should utilize registration not merely for
business and business reasons, but will also organizing class or training course,
workshops, professional classes on the web, etc. While using the benefits associated
with keeper registration is anticipated that can assist you get rid of worries of manual
process. For anyone who is still using paper registration forms for the campers, it would
be time hard to take into consideration camping registration forms to further improve
efficiencies, improve organization, and alleviate manual, paper-based processes.
In adaption to the statement of Barredo (2011), registration system are important
for student to allow update the information especially in billing we need update from
student to the system, responsibility pay he/she account and organizational
performance. Monitoring information these important aspects through automation has
made things better and simpler for managers. Rather than manually, the system is easy
to used. With the use of automation systems to the gathered the information and to
update the information of the student. Through this system, the resources information of
the student needed for the tracing, monitoring, and updating information on time.

In addition to, the statement of Marrero, S. (2009) in his study entitled Student
registration System is the concept of Information Systems (IS) emerged in the early
1960s. More often, when information system is defined, the field Information Science is
always associated, IS is an academic field that deals with the generation, collection,
organization, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of recorded knowledge. Furthermore,
it is a collection of related components designed to support operations, management,
and decision making in any organization. Generally, Information Systems (IS) is
supposed to inform people. Information System supports people or users in making
intelligent decisions based upon the information derived from reliable data.
Furthermore Desousa, T. (2008), states that Registration application has 3 core
benefits. These are the following: 1) Efficiency. Everyone hates to deal with files of
paper unless they do not have any other alternatives. The benefit of computerize
solution makes services and information available from any time to update information.
2) Security of live data. Normally in more complex systems data is moved about
separate systems and data sources. In computerize systems, these systems and
processes can often be merged by reducing the need to move the data around.4) Cost
Effective. Computerize applications can considerably lower the costs because of
reduced support and maintenance, lower requirements on the end user system and
simplified plans.
Evangelista (2008)said that the registration system allow user access to record
all information of student needed, remaining balance, the semester and year, and
registration all activities include in the hole year. Through the system, students would be
access and secure the information of the student, in the way of good transaction

between user and system to the best result. The use of individual student record would:
1.) increase the admissions capacity to follow a students progress over time;2.) Reduce
data collection burden through a computerize registration system 3.) as a tool of
monitoring information of the student.
Lastly Reese, R. (2004) talks about Record management and transaction
processing that would achieve efficiency on processing student information. It would be
a great help to the administrative personnel, academic personnel, grantors or
stakeholders, parents and students in updating, retrieving and generating student data.

Record Keeping System

Open government initiatives in advanced countries are undergoing a transition
from paper to electronic recordkeeping. For example, all ministries of the Netherlands
are required to connected in the cloud by 2015 (Hofman, 2011), and Library and
Archives Canada plans to be fully digital by 2017 (Allard, 2011), the Obama
administration has set a goal for the federal government to go completely paperless by
the end of 2019, by 2019, federal agencies will manage all permanent electronic
records in an electronic format in US (Managing Government Records Directive, 2012).
Digital recordkeeping is the backbone of open government initiatives and should be
integrated into business processes (Presidential MemorandumManaging Government
Records, 2011). There are increasing expectations of citizens and customers that
organizations should operate in a trustworthy, accountable, transparent, and socially
Responsible manner (ISO/TC46/SC11, 2007). However, according to a 2007 survey in
China, almost 80% of organizations had no measures in place for the storage of records

Of emerging technology in China (Zhang, 2008). According to a 2010 survey by the

National Archives and Records. International trends and future directions of
recordkeeping awareness, recordkeeping processes and regimes, recordkeeping
systems and technologies have been identified as moving towards meta-synthetic
support in the digital world (An, Sun, & Zhang, 2011). However, there are few
discussions on meta-synthetic strategies for digital recordkeeping based on the
integrated use of ISO recordkeeping and management systems for records (MSR)
products in archival and recordkeeping literature (Cabero, Martn-Pozuelo, &Zazo,
2011).
The adoption and adaptation of ISO/TC 46/SC 11 series of standards and
integrated use of ISO MSSs as enablers of a meta-synthetic strategy for digital
recordkeeping lead to innovation in and for society. MSSs provide tools for a system
and verifiable approach to organization control in an environment that encourages good
business practices (Bustelo& Ellis, 2011). ISO/TC 46/SC 11 standards provide a
managerial framework, Administration (NARA), 95% of federal agencies were at a high
to moderate risk of compromising the integrity, authenticity, and reliability of records due
to no management regime for digital records, such disturbing results reveal that many
government records are at risk of being lost forever (Ferriero, 2012). The need for
robust digital recordkeeping is becoming more pressing (Australian National Audit
Office, 2012).
Billing System
Payment Transaction is used in establishment, school and office for the workload
system.

Crook, S. (2009) stated,billing is an endless cycle and processing of daily and

suspenses may continue during the billing process or immediately once billing is
complete in preparation for the next month of bills. Larger companies, school, and other
office work may need to stagger billing into a weekly processor for different groups of
customer or student to regulate the billing managers workload or level out the cash
flow.
Monitoring
This document aims to provide schools with guidance on the monitoring of
payment transaction and generate all reports about student for the monitoring purposed.
Ives I. (2012) explained time and Monitoring information equipment that these
are the instruments used with student information and updating information, in most
cases within a school place of work. The information that is captured in this procedure
will be used to track student redundancy or lost of record. This system is important for
the recordkeeping to avoid the redundancy or lost of record. If you own a business, you
should consider monitoring in formation an important part of your workforce
management.
As cited by Mrazek P. M.S.W Ph.D., et al (2004), the collection, organization, and
use of community monitoring data may seem remote from the personal and compelling
details of the person.
In addition Shapiro J. (2001),Monitoringis the systematic collection and analysis
of information as a project progresses. It is aimed at improving the efficiency and
effectiveness of a project or organization. It is based on targets set and activities
planned during the planning phases of work. It helps to keep the work on track, and can

let management know when things are going wrong. If done properly, it is an invaluable
tool for good management, and it provides a useful base for evaluation. It enables you
to determine whether the resources you have available are sufficient and are being well
used, whether the capacity you have is sufficient and appropriate, and whether you are
doing what you planned to do.

Records management
Makhura, P. M.S.W, Ph.D. et al.,(2005) states that the management of both
physical and electronic records plays a big role thus they need to be captured as soon
as they are generated.
Record management, as stated by the ISO: 15489 (2001), is the field of
management responsible for the efficient and systematic control of the creation, receipt,
maintenance, use and disposal of records. This includes the processes of capturing and
maintaining evidence and information relating to business activities and transaction in
the form of record. Records management therefore plays a major role in the care of
record that are created within an institution such as a university.
Ngulube, P. (2000) records management: Record management is the process by
which internally or externally generated physical or electronic records are managed
from their inception, receipt and storage, all the way through to their disposal