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CLASS XI (Biology)
Plant cytokinesis
i) commonly occurs by
extend outwards.
iii) spindle usually persists
golgi apparatus.
2. List the significance of mitosis.
A. i) Growth : new somatic ells are formed by mitosis. So it helps in growth and
development of multicellular organisms.
ii)Maintenance of size : it helps in maintaining a proper cell size by dividing all
overgrown somatic cells
iii) Maintenance of chromosome number : it ensures equal number of
chromosomes in all cells.
iv) Reproduction : it is a method of reproduction in unicellular organisms. In plants
vegetative propagation involves only mitotic division.
1
v) Healing and regeneration : it produces new cells which help in healing and
regeneration.
3. List the significance of meiosis.
A. i) Meiosis produces gametes that are essential for sexual reproduction.
ii) It ensures the maintenance of a constant chromosome number of a particular
species generation after generation.
iii) The crossing over in meiosis results in variation of genetic characters in the
offsprings which bring about evolution.
iv) Due to random assortment of chromosomes, offsprings show appearance of
hidden characters which are not expressed in parents.
4. Differentiate between Mitosis and Meiosis.
Mitosis
Meiosis
1. Diagrammatic
representation
2n
2n
2n
2n
n
n
2. Occurrence
n
n
5. General process
6. Prophase
Process completes in 2
successive divisions which
occur one after the other
with DNA replication only
once during interphase I.
i) longer duration with 5 sub
stages
3. Kind of cell
4. Number of cells formed
7. Metaphase
Chromatids of a chromosome
line up on the equator.
8. Anaphase
i) centromeres divide
ii)chromatids separate
i) same number of
chromosomes as in parent
cell
ii) both the homologous
chromosomes are present.
Stages of mitosis
Interphase
Early prophase
Late prophase
Metaphase
Early anaphase
Late anaphase
Telophase
Stages of meiosis
5
A.
Meiosis I
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
B.
Meiosis II
Prophase II
Anaphase II
Metaphase II
Telophase II