Edentata 3

"
ISSN 1413-4411

Edentata

Number 3 November, 1997

'Newsletter of the IUCN Edentate Specialist Group

Editors: Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca, Monica Tavares da Fonseca, and Anthony B. Rylands

ESG Chairman: Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca

ESG Deputy Chariman: Kent H. Redford

I

FUNDACAO BIODIVERSITAS

CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL

SPECIES SURVIVAL COMMISSION

GTB

Cover photograph by: Russell Mittenneier

Editorial

Two years since our last issue of Edentata, we are happy to resume with the ESG Newsletter, featuring four very interesting articles, together with a number of news and publication announcements that we think may be of interest to the members of our specialist group. We thank Brazil's National Research Council (CNPq), through its Biodiversity Task Force (Grupo de Trabalho em Biodiversidade), for the support provided to continue with the publication of this newsletter.

In the previous issue, we invited members to participate in the 1996 IUCN Red List process, reviewing for the first time the status of every mammal species in the world. We received contributions from a few members of the group, which resulted in the analysis of al129 edentate species. We are especially grateful to Kent Redford, Daniel Brooks, Anthony Rylands and Augustin Iriarte. The results, incorporated in the J996 JUCN Red List of Threatened Animals compiled by Jonathan Baillie and Brian Groombridge, raised from six to eight the number of threatened species: Bradypus torquatus (endangered), Chaetophractus nationi (vulnerable), Chlamyphorus retusus (vulnerable), Chlamyphorus truncatus (endangered), Dasypus pilosus (vulnerable),Priodontes maxim us (endangered), Tolypeutes tricinctus (vulnerable), andMyrmecophaga tridactyla (vulnerable). Not a single species was considered critically endangered. Two species were classified under the lower risk, near threatened category, while six were considered by the experts as not having enough data to permit an adequate assessment of their status in the wild. The process will, however, continue, on a periodic basis. We thus urge our members to keep sending suggestions, information and analyses that can contribute to the refinement and updating of the list, using the ESG as the principal venue for the new proposals.

Hope to hear from you all!

We continue hoping we can expand membership of the ESG, particularly through the incorporation of Latin America's new generation of scientists and conservationists who are increasingly focusing their work on edentates, We encourage current and prospective members to supply us with the information requested on the last page of the current issue, so that we can update our current directory and expand our network of experts. Members and other subscribers are also asked to send us addresses of individuals or institutions you think would appreciate receivingEdentata.

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Edemata 3(1), November 1997

Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca and Monica Tavares da Fonseca Editors

ESGMembers

Dr. Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca Chairman

Av. Antonio Abrahao Cararn, 820/302 Belo Horizonte, MG 31275-000 Brazil Tel./Fax. (031) 441-1795

Dr. Kent Redford Deputy Chairman

Director, Conservation Science and Stewardship Latin American Division

The Nature Conservancy

1815 N. Lynn St.

Arlington, VA 22209 USA

Dr. Tracy S. Carter Departament of Zoology Oklahoma State University Stillwater, OK 74048, USA Tel. (405) 624-6531

Mr. IImar Santos Fundacao Biodiversitas

Av. do Contorno 9155, Ill! andar

Belo Horizonte, MG 30110-130 Brazil TeL (031) 291-9673 Fax. (031) 291-7658

Mr. Sergio Maia Vaz Museu Nacional Quinta da Boa Vista

Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20940-040 Brazil

Mr. Frank Mendel

State University of NYZork-Buffalo Departament of Anatomical Sciences Bufallo, NY 14214 USA

Dr. Brian K. McNab Departament of Zoology University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611 USA

Dr. Edgardo Mondolfi

Av. Norte de Alta Florida Quinta Masapo

Caracas 1050 Venezuela

Dr. Eleanor E. Storrs

Depto. of Biological Sciences Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne, FL 32901-6988 USA

Tel. (407) 768-8000 Fax (407) 984-8461

Mr. Eduardo Szeplaki

FUNDAFAUNA - Calle Neveri con Calle Edison Centro Comercial Los Chaguaramos, Piso 20 Oficina 203 Los Chaguaranmos

Caracas Venezuela

Ms. Maria Auxiliadora Drumond Fundacao Biodiversitas

Av. do Contorno, 9155, 110 andar Belo Horizonte MG 30110-130 Brazil Tel. (031) 291-9673

Mr. Paulo Augusto R. Machado

Fundacao Zoobotanica de Belo Horizonte

• !

I

Av. Doutor Otacflio Negrao de Lima sIn Pampulha Belo Horizonte, MG 31365-450 Brazil

Tel. (031) 441-2531

Mr. Yuri Luiz Reis Leite

Museum of Vertebrate Zoology 310 1, Valley Life Sci. Bldg Berkeley CA 94720-3160 - USA

Dr. Gustavo Zuleta

Venezuela 857, 2D piso Buenos Aires 1095 Argentina

Tel. (541) 342-1022 Fax. (541)334-5062

Dr. James H. Shaw Department of Zoology Oklahoma State University Stillwater, OK 74048, USA Tel. (405) 624-6531

Ms. Cristiane D. Encarnacao

Institute Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renovaveis - Superitendencia de Minas Gerais

Av. do Contomo 8121

Belo Horizonte, MG 30110-120 Brazil Tel. (031) 291-6588 Fax. (031) 335-9955

Dr. Anthony B. Rylands

Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Av. Antonio Carlos 6627

Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-110, Brazil Tel. (031) 441-1795

Mr. Junio A. Santos Silva

Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Av. Antonio Carlos 6627

Bel0 Horizonte, MG, 31270-110, Brazil Tel. (031) 499-2903

Dr. James Loughry

Department of Biology

Valdosta State University Valdosta, GA 31698-0015, USA

Tel. (912) 333-5765 Fax (912) 333-7389 e-mail: jloughry@grits.valdosta.peachnet.edu

Dr. Sergio Fabian Vizcaino

Depto. Paleontologia Vertebrados Museo de La Plata

Paseo del Bosque sIn

La Plata, Buenos Aires 190, Argentina

Tel. 54(0)21 2577440 Fax: 54(0)21 257527

Ora. Diana Weinhardt

Houston Zoological Gardens 1513 North Mac Gregor Houston, Texas 77030, USA

Tel. (713) 525-3304 Fax: (713) 525-3330 Dr. Daniel M. Brooks

.Depto. Natural Sciences

University of Houston

Edentata 3(1), November 1997

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Tel./Fax. (031) 441-1795

Dr. Augustin Iriartes

Servicio Agricola y Ganadeiro Av. Bulnes 140

Santiago - Chile

Tel. (562) 672-1394 Fax (562) 699-2778

1 Main St., Suite 813-N. Houston, Texas 77002, USA

Tel. (713) 526-1461 Fax: (713) 525-3330 Ms. Monica Tavares da Fonseca

Av. Antonio Abrahao Caram, 820/302 Belo Horizonte, MG 31275-000 Brazil

Articles

Edentata as a food resource: Subsistence hunting by Xavante Indians, Brazil

Frans Leeuwenberg, Wildlife Biologist Xavante Association, Pimentel Barbosa

The Xavante and the cerrado

The Xavante are one of the 197 remaining Brazilian Indian tribes, distributed through about 550 separate communities in the country. There are six Xavante reservations in the central west of Brazil, the Reserva Rio das Mortes being the most traditional. The principal Xavante village is Etenhiritipa, with approximately 340 people inhabiting 2.200 km2 of cerrado. Before contact in 1946 the Xavante were semi-nomadic and exploited the natural resources over large areas. The Xavante are hunter-gatherers and depend on game for 95% and fish for 5% of their food. Agriculture has always been secondary and less diversified than traditionally sedentary Indians of the Neotropics. The Xavante depend strongly on the cerrado wildlife for their subsistence.

After 1946 colonists flooded into the region and deforested 85% of the natural areas bordering the reservation. The cerrado was turned into pasture and soya bean plantations. The Xavante changed from a semi-nomadic lifestyle to a sedentary one. This change, coupled with the gradual isolation of the reserve, caused a serious problem for wildlife. Game populations started declining around the 1980's, and the community sought help remedy the situation and initiate a more sustainable use of their natural resources.

The Xavante as hunters

The Xavante are keen hunters, fast, have eagle eyes and are excellent trackers. However, while the older men are

Table 1. The number of different edemata species harversted on 33 months at Xavante village of Etcnhiritlpa

Taxa

Harvest in 33 months

Priodontes maxim us Euphractus sexcinctus Cabassous uninctus Dasypus novemcinctus Dasypus septencinctus Tolypeutus spp Mvrmecophaga tridactyla Tamandua tetradactyla

18 138 2 7 14 24 322

18

especially adept at tracking down the giant anteater, "younger" hunters soon give up (after 10-15 minutes) because it has a very peculiar and confusing pattern of feeding and moving around.

In total, the Xavantes use eight edentata species. The hairy armadillo and most especially the giant anteater are the most frequently harvested (see Table 1).

The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)

The giant anteater is heavily hunted, and there is serious concern as to whether harvest of this species is sustainable. We collected data on this species, because the Xavante were interested in knowing whether populations of this and others species were declining. Since the Xavante are so dependent on wildlife for animal protein, they were anxious to secure the viability of their populations. However, data gathering turned out to be complicated or even impossible. Ovaries were eaten almost immediately after a kill in the field, and skulls were always seriously damaged, so biometric data were inconsistent. I encountered cultural resistence to collecting data for the determination of animal densities, because the hunters wished only to hunt and were not prepared to merely count the animals. Compensating hunters who participated in censusing populations with food did not work because hunters or their families preferred game. It is presently impossible to collect data on reproduction and density as hunting pressure continues to be high: In 2,200 km2 of the Xavante reservation, 93 giant anteaters were harvested in 1991 during 11 months; 122 individuals in 1992 in 12 months; and 155 individuals in 1993 in 12 months.

Importance of Edentata

Weights could only be taken for Euphractus sexcinctus, and Myrmecopha ga tridactyla. Edentates play an important role as a food resource, comprising 22% of the biomass of game meat annually consumed. The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is the most important, comprising 20% of the total biomass consumption per year.

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However. the majority of the smaller edentata were incompletely reported in the village. For these species weights were taken from literature, whenever possible from samples originating form cerrado habitats.

Dasypus sp., Cabassous sp., Priodontes maximus, and Myrmecophaga tridactyla. No special data were gathered, as these were consumed soon after the kill or collected in very small numbers.

Euphractus sexcinctus. No clearly juvenile animals were reported. Mean weight was 5.57 kg (N=7)

Mymecophaga tridactyla. Of the total harvest of 322 in 33 months, 42 brute weights were taken. Nine individuals weighed below 20 kg and were not considered in the mean weight calculation. Mean 33.6 kg (N=33). The mean weight of males was 36.4 (22- 50 kg, N = 10) and females 32.4 kg (21-47 kg, N=23).

The question of giant anteater hunting

The yearly harvest of giant anteater would appear to be high in the Xavante reservation. Lack of data on population density and reproduction makes it impossible, however, to relate the harvest to such parameters.

In order to see whether hunting of the giant anteater is sustainable, we used a number of indicators, wich combined should help determine whether or not hunting is sustainable.

When calculating the potential harvest using the quotient of Banse and Moscher (1982), we came to a value of 0.08- 0.16 individuals per km-. The observed harvest in the reservation was 0.16, 0.14 and 0.13 per km2 in 1991, 1992 and 1993 respectively, which depending on the carrying capacity of the area, is close to or above the maximum potential harvest.

During the three years, the sex-ratio was 1 male to 1.46 females. When splitting these data per year we come to a sex-ratio 1:1.8 (N=47) in 1991: 1:1.1 animals is derived from the sex ratio of 241 individuals of known sex which were harvested. The sex ratio for the latter was 1:1.47. The ratio in favor of the females may be an indicator of high hunting pressure, but we have no references of sexratios in areas without or with little hunting.

The change in hunting success, measured as the harvest per 1000 hunter days, could very well be an indicator of whether the species is declining. If it is declining and the hunting effort is the same, hunting success will show a decrease. The hunting success was 51, 82 and 47 per 1000 hunter days in 1991,1992 and 1993, respectively. As the hunting range changed during these years, the increase in 1992 could reflect the fact that the area of 1992 was lightly hunted in the past (which in fact was not the case) or that the capacity of that area is considerably higher than other sub-regions.

Request for help, studies by students

We expect to continue collecting hunting data and hopefully obtain data on the relative abundance of the species. We will be monitoring 24 transects for tracks and sightings of wildlife, and hope to have sufficient data in 1-2 years to estimate population densities. If the Xavante community accepts students from outside, good data could be gathered on population densities and distributions. However, the working conditions will be rough and logistics complicated. The study area and the giant anteater could be extremely interesting as the focus of a graduate thesis. However any such study would need to incorporate practical applications that can be used by the Xavante for the management of their game species.

Survey of the Xenarthrans inhabiting Poco das Antas Biological Reserve

W. J. Loughry and Colleen M. McDounough

Department of Biology, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA, U.S.A. 31698-0015. Phone: 912-333-5759, Fax: 912- 333 - 7389, E-mail: j loughry@grits. valdosta. peachnet.edu

Introduction

The Atlantic coastal rainforest of Brazil is one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, with less than 5% remaining (Mori et al., 1981). It is critical to assess the biodiversity of this system immediately, before further forests are lost and the inevitable extinction of their species. To this end, we conducted a survey of the xenarthrans at the Poco das Antas Biological Reserve in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Poco das Antas is located approximately 70 km north of Rio de Janeiro and contains large patches of Atlantic coastal rainforest (Kleiman et al., 1986). The reserve has been the focus of conservation efforts directed particularly at the golden-lion tamarin, Leontopithecus

------

rosalia (Kleiman et al., 1986). However, almost no data exist on the xenarthrans occurring in the reserve. Our survey was designed to provide such data and generate a clearer picture of potential conservation needs for this group.

Methods

Poco das Antas is 5200 ha in size and consists primarily of steep hills separated by narrow valleys. There are four main habitat types (Camargo, 1996): 1) mata, or Atlantic coastal rain forest, 2) grassland, consisting primarily of Imperata brasiliensis and/or Melinus minultiflora, 3) disturbed woodland, which contains some grass but is


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primarily dominated by the tree Grouchimatla polimorpha, and 4) swamp. The first three habitats are found on the slopes of hills, while swamps are restricted to the valleys.

We surveyed the reserve on 108 days between 20 January and I June, 1996, for a total of 958 hours of observation. Surveys were conducted during the day and night (using miner's headlamps) by walking along roads or trails in the reserve. We used a large net attached to a 1.5 m pole to capture any xenarthrans sighted during these surveys. We also attempted to capture armadillos by placing traps in the mouths of apparently active burrows. Once captured, all animals were sexed, weighed, aged (as either juveniles or adults on the basis of body weight, see MCDonough, 1994; Loughry and MacDonough, 1996), measured (see Loughry ad MacDonough, 1996), and a small piece of one ear was removed with an ear notcher for genetic studies. The time of capture and the type of habitat in which the animal was caught were also recorded. For animals that were sighted but not caught, we recorded species, time of sighting, type of habitat, age (based on body size), and sex (if the genitalia were visible).

Poco das Antas is the primary site of the Smithsonian Institution's study of the endangered golden-lion tamarin (e.g., Baker et al. ,1993; Dietz and Baker, 1993; Kleiman et at, 1986). There are typically 2-3 people on the reserve following groups of these monkeys 5-6 days of every week. As an additional source of data, we requested that they report any sightings of xenarthrans to us. When sightings were reported, we obtained the time of day and location of the animal, its size (for age determination) and the species.

Results

We captured a total of 43 xenarthrans at Poco das Antas. In what follows, we describe our findings for each species separately.

Dasypus novemcinctus: nine-banded armadillo, "tatugalinha"

This species was the most abundant xernarthran at Poco das Antas. We observed 121 animals during the course of our study. We were able to capture 37 animals (16 adult males, 6 adult females, 9 juvenile males, 4 juvenile females; and 2 carcasses of juveniles were found that could not be sexed). The overall sex-ratio in this population was strongly male-biased (Binomial test, P = 0.008), but only for adults (P = 0.026; for juveniles P", 0.125). D. novemcinctus was observed at least once in all habitat types, but was most common in forest and disturbed woodlands and extremely rare in grassland. The distribution of sightings was significantly different from random (Chi-square = 27.22, P < 0.005, d.f. = 3), even when data from grasslands were omitted (Chi-square = 7.71, P < 0.03, d.f. = 2), suggesting some habitat preference in this species.

Dasypus septemcinctus: seven-banded armadillo, "tatuf"

We captured three individuals (2 adult males, 1 juvenile female) of this species, all in either grassland or disturbed woodland habitats. We probably sighted at least 2-3 more, all in the same types of habitats. However, D. septemcinctus is very similar in appearance to juvenile D. novemcinctus, and so visual identification at a distance is very difficult, and we suspect it may be more abundant than the data would indicate.

Cabassous unicinctus: southern naked-tailed armadillo, "tatu-rabo-mole"

We caught one adult male of this species in swamp/ disturbed habitat. A sighting of a second individual in swamp/grassland habitat was reported to us. The individual we captured was resighted on two later occasions, on both occasions in swamp habitat, with a distance of about 800m between the first and last sightings.

Euphractus sexcinctus: yellow armadillo, "tatu-peba"

We saw no individuals of this species on the reserve, although it used to occur there. Dr. J. Dietz collected the carapace of a juvenile in 1983 (which is now at the POyO das Antas Education Center) and people associated with the golden-lion tamarin project reported seeing them occasionally into the late 1980's. It is currently assumed that they are locally extinct, although a juvenile female that had been hit by a car in Macae was released onto the reserve in May, 1996.

Tamandua tetradactyla: southern tamandua, "tamanduacolete"

We captured a juvenile female of this species in a stand of bamboo. By using color patterns on the tail, we were able to identify three more individuals (all adults). Two ofthese animals were also in, or next to, a stand of bamboo, while the other was in swamp habitat.

Bradypus torquatus: maned three-toed sloth, "preguicapreta"

We did not capture any maned sloths. However, members of the golden-lion tamarin project reported seeing two individuals during the time of our study. Both were located high in trees in the mata.

Discussion

Our survey suggests that the only abundant xenarthran at Poco das Antas is D. novemcinctus. However, even so it is not as abundant as it is in populations studied in the United States (Loughry and McDonough, unpublished data). Such low numbers could be due to one or more of the following: (1) Hunting: Although illegal, hunting does still occur

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-..,

~,-.

1

on the reserve and may significantly impact armadillo abundance. Indeed, former hunters told us that hunting was what probably led to the presumed extinction of E. sexcinctus. (2) Predation: Increased predation of xenarthrans at P090 das Antas could generate lower abundances, however, the numbers of potential predators in the U. S. and at P090 das Antas do not appear to be dramatically different. However, we do not have the data on predator-caused mortality at each site that are needed to evaluate this hypothesis. (3) Competition: D. novemcinctus is the only xenarthran found in the U. S. and, as such, presumably has few close competitors for food. P090 das Antas contains a number of xenarthrans as well as other species (e.g., agoutis, Dasyprocta agouti, pacas, Agouti paca, and capybara, Hydrochaerts hydrochaeris) that may all compete for similar resources, thus lowering abundances. (4) Intrinsic rarity: Some species (e.g., D. septemcinctus, C. unicinctus, B. torquatus) are reported to be rare throughout their range (Emmons, 1990; Eisenberg, 1989; Redford and Eisenberg, 1992), so large numbers of individuals may not be expected.

D. novemcinctus is the most abundant xenarthran on the reserve and it appears to prefer forests and disturbed woodlands over other habitats. We censused armadillo burrows on the reserve (McDonough and Loughry, unpublished data) and found more burrows in forest than anywhere else. Thus, it appears that D. novemcinctus may spend most of its time underground in the forest, moving out to feed at night in other areas (e.g., swamps, which are probably too wet to be suitable for burrow construction but which provide rich supplies of food). D. novemcinctus is the largest armadillo present on the reserve. Currently, it is not known if competition with D. novemcinctus forces the smaller species (D. septemcinctus and C. unicinctusy into grassland/disturbed woodland. However, given that these areas seem to be the only ones in which these rarer species are found, the current program of reforestation at P090 das Antas could lead to the extinction of these species from the reserve.

Acknowledgments

We are extremely grateful to Carlos Ruiz-Miranda for encouraging us to pursue this work. This project would not have been possible without the exceptional tatucatching abilities of Marcelo Coelho, to whom we are

deeply indebted. This work was supported by an Organization of American States Fellowship (to W.J.L.), a Valdosta State University faculty research award (to C.M.M.), the Smithsonian Institution, TransBrasil, and the Associacao Mico-Leao-Dourado (AMLD). We wish to extend our thanks to the Director of AMLD, Denise Rambaldi, and the Director of P090 das Antas, Dionfzio Pessamflio, for facilitating our research.

References

Baker, A.J., J. M. Dietz and D. G. Kleiman. 1993.

Behavioural evidence for monopolization of paternity in multi-male groups of golden lion tamarins. Anim.Behav. 46: 1091-1103.

Camargo, J.L.C. 1996. Mundacas na cobertura da vegetacao do habitat do mico-Ieao-dourado (Leontoplthecus rosalia, Lesson 1840) na Reserva Biologica de Poco das Antas: 1969-1994. P. 13, in II Encontro de Pesquisadores, Reserva Biologica de Poco das Antos. IBAMA, Silva Jardim.

Dietz, J. M. and A. J. Baker. 1993. Polygyny and female reproductive success in golden lion tamarins, Leontopithecus rosalia. Anim.Behav, 46: 1067-1078.

Eisenberg, J. F. 1989. Mammals of the Neotropics. Vol. 1:

The Northern Neotropics. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 449 pp.

Emmons, L. H. 1990. Neotropical Rainforest Mammals:

A Field Guide. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 281 pp.

Kleiman, D. G., B. B. Beck, 1. M. Dietz, L. A. Dietz, J. D.

Ballou and A. F. Coimbra-Filho. 1986. Conservation program for the golden lion tamarin: captive research and management, ecological studies, education strategies and reintroduction. Pp. 959-979, in Primates: The Road to Self-sustaining Populations (K. Benirschke, ed.). Springer-Verlag, New York, 1044 pp.

Loughry, W. J. and C. M. McDonough. 1996. Are road kills valid indicators of armadillo population structure? Amer. MidI. Nat. 135:53-59.

McDonough, C. M. 1994. Determinants of agression in nine-banded armadillos. J. Mammmal. 75: 189-198.

Mori, S. A.', B. M. Boom, and G. T. Prance. 1981.

Distribution patterns and conservation of eastern Brazilian coastal forest species. Brittonia 33:233-245.

Redford, K. H. and J. F. Eisenberg. 1992. Mammals of the Neotropics. Vol. 2: The Southern Cone. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 430 pp.

Armadillos del noroeste argentino (Provincias de Jujuy y Salta)

Sergio F. Vizcaino

Departamento Cientffico Paleontologia de Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque sIn, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.

Abstract

Data on the presence of species, abundance and habitat association of armadillos from Northwestern Argentina

were collected during two field seasons in 1988. Four of the eight previously cited species were recorded. Among them, Tolypeutes matacus showed a well defined association to xeric habitats. Dasypus yepesi and


Page 7

Euphractus sexcinctus were present from the xeric low land environments to the humid mountain forests. Chaetophractus vellerosus, although typical of dry environments, was recorded in the same habitats as D. yepesi and E. sexcinctus but was apparently very scarce.

Introduction

Los estudios sobre la asociaci6n de los armadillos con el ambiente que habitan son pocos y aislados y, si bien se cuenta con cierta cantidad de informacion acerca de sus distribuciones geograficas, poco es 10 que se sabe res pee to de sus exigencias ecologicas, En este sentido, el noroeste argentino es una regi6n interesante pues en un area relativamente pequefia se da la conjuncion de tres dominios biogeograficos representados por una gran variedad de habitats y de zonas ecotonales (Cabrera y Willink, 1973). Esta condicion de variedad ambiental se haUa determinada en gran parte por la topograffa regional, con un relieve montafioso de pendientes pronunciadas que determina marcadas variaciones altitudinales de temperatura, presion, humedad y precipitaciones. Las lluvias dependen ademas de la orientaci6n de las laderas con respecto a los vientos dominantes del este, de modo que las laderas orientales reciben fuertes lluvias estivales a medida que el viento gana altura y se enfrta, mientras que las cumbres mas altas y las laderas occidentales reciben vientos secos que han perdido su humedad durante el ascenso por ellado oriental.

Durante los meses de junio y noviernbre de 1988 se realizaron trabajos de campo en la region, en los que se recorri6 una extensa zona de los departamentos de Ledesma, Valle Grande y Santa Barbara (Provincia de Jujuy) y Gran (Provincia de Salta), visitando numerosas localidades ubicadas a diferentes altitudes y en distintas unidades de habitat. Tambien, se efectuo una transecta de aproximadamente 150 kilometres entre las localidades de Humahuaca (Departamento Humahuaca, Jujuy, 3000 msnm) y San Ramon de la Nueva Gran (Departamento de

Salta

Figura 1. Localidades en el area de estudio, Ver numeracion en Tabla I.

Oran, Salta, 500 msnm), atravesando la Serranfa de Aparzo par el Abra Chisca (4000 msnm) y la Sierra de Zenta por el Abra de Zenta (4400 msnm), limite entre las dos provincias (figura 1). En la tabla I puede verse un listado de las localidades, su ubicacion geografica, altitud sobre el nivel del mar y las unidades de habitat a la que ,representan.

Los armadillos constituyen una importante y tradicional fuente de proteinas en la dieta de los lugareiios, quienes usualmente los capturan para su consumo. Es comun que retengan las corazas, a las que Ies dan distintas utilidades, y partes del esqueleto, restos que permiten realizar la identificacion especffica con facilidad. La interaccion con los habitantes de pueblos y caserfos penniti6 recuperar numerosos ejemplares, asi como importante informacion sobre el ambiente del que proceden. Aquellos ejemplares que presentaron un estado de conservacion aceptable fueron depositados en el Museode La Plata.

Caracterizacion de habitats

Para la clasificaci6n de los habitats se sigue el criterio de Cabrera (1976), quien reconoce para la zona:

Tabla 1. Sinopsis de la ubicacion geografica, alntud y ambientes de las localidades de muestrco,

Ref. Localidad Altitud Ubicadon Habitat
rnsnm (Dto; Provincia)
I La Estrella 600 Salta; Salta Bx
2 A rroyo Punta de Agua 640 Sta, Barbara; Jujuy Bx
3 Islas Chicas 720 Sta. Barbara; Jujuy Bx
4 Real de los Toros 770 Sta, Barbara; Jujuy Bx
5 Islas Grandes 620 Sta, Barbara; Jujuy Bx
6 Puesto Nuevo 620 Sta. Barbara; Jujuy Bx
7 La Quinta 660 Sta, Barbara; Jujuy Bx
8 Laguna San Miguel [ 600 Sta, Barbara; Jujuy Bx
9 Laguna San Miguel II 600 Sta. Barbara; Jujuy Bx
10 Laguna San Miguel III 600 Sta. Barbara; Jujuy Bx
II El Palmar 600 Sta. Barbara; Jujuy Bx
12 San Andres 1800 Oran; Salta ax
13 Arroyo Saladillo 770 Ledesma; Jujuy Bx
14 Finca "La Mauricia'' I 500 Ledesma; Jujuy BxlSt
15 Finea "La Mauricia" II 500 Ledesma; Jujuy Bx/SI
16 Lapachal 640 Sta, Barbara; Jujuy Ox/51
17 Finca "La Realidad" 440 Ledesma; Jujuy 51
18 EIOculto 700 Oran. Saha SI
19 El Cau lario I 940 Ledesma; Jujuy Sm
20 EICaulario II 940 Ledesma; Jujuy Sm
21 Los Sauces 1300 Ledesma; Jujuy Sm
22 EIAho 1200 Ledesma; Jujuy Sm
23 Nonncntal 1090 Ledesma; Jujuy Sm
24 Normenta Il 1090 Ledesma; Jujuy Sm
25 Arrayanal 1020 Ledesma; Jujuy Sm
26 Rio Jordan 1500 Ledesma; Jujuy Sm
27 Las Maromas 1100 Oran.Salta Sm
28 Rio San Andres 800 Oran. Salta Sm
29 San Francisco 1560 Ledesma; Juju~ BmlBx Page 8


Dominio Andino-Patag6nico:

a) Vegetaci6n altoandina, por encima de los 3000 msnm, cuya comunidad climax es la estepa de grarnineas como Festuca orthophylla, Festuca chrysophilla y Poa gimnantha. El clima es frio todo el afio y las precipitaciones se producenen forma de nieve 0 granizo

Dominio Chagueno:

b) Prepuna, por encima de los 1000 msnm . EI c1ima es calido y seco, con lIuvias exc1usivamente estivales. Predomina la vegetaci6n arbustiva, baja y esparcida.

c) Bosque xer6filo chaquefio, caducifolio, con un estrato de gramfneas, cactaceas y bromeliaceas terrestres. Las lIuvias ocurren entre noviembre y marzo y la temperatura media anual es de 20 a 23° C.

Dominio Amaz6nico (Provincia de las Yungas):

d) Bosque montana. Se desarrolla entre los 1200 hasta los 2500 msnm, su c1ima es algo frio y presenta nevadas en la estacion humeda. Predominan el pino (Podocarpus parlatorei), el aliso ( Alnus jorullensis) y la quefioa (Polylepis australis).

e) Selva montana, en las laderas orientales de las montafias, Se desarrolla entre los 550 y 1600 msnm. Es casi impenetrable por su densidad, con arboles que superan los 30 m de altura. Entre los meses de diciembre y mayo se halla constantemente cubierta por las nubes.

f) Selva de transici6n. Entre los 350 y 500 msnm, esta selva se desarrollaen las zonas Hanas y montafias bajas, can arboles de entre 20 y 30 m de altura y un estrato arbustivo de cerca de 2 m. La precipitaci6n es de entre 700 y 1000 mm anuales.

Resultados

Tolypeutes matacus "Quirquincho bola"

Esta especie es tfpica de la regi6n chaqueria desde el sudeste de Bolivia y sur de Mato Grosso en Brasil, hasta el noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires en Argentina (Wetzel, 1982). En la zona estudiada se registraron 18 ejemplares, exclusivamente en ambientes de bosque xer6filo (localidades I, 2, 3, 4, 7 Y II, un ejemplar en cada una; localidad 5, tres ejemplares; localidad 6, dos ejemplares y localidad 13, cuatroejemplares) 0 ecotono bosque xer6filol selva de transici6n (localidades 14, un ejemplar y 16, dos ejemplares) siempre con men os de 700 mm de precipitacion anual.

Chaetophractus vellerosus "Piche lloron''

La distribucion de esta especie incluye centro y sur de Bolivia, oeste de Paraguay y norte y centro-oeste de Argentina (Wetzel, 1982), en ambientes aridos y semiaridos con suelos arenosos y vegetacion xer6fila (Carlini y Vizcaino, 1987). Solamente cuatro ejemplares fueron colectados par nosotros. Dos de ellos en bosque xer6filo (localidad 5), uno en selva de transicion (localidad 17) y el restante en selva montana (localidad 24).

Euphractus sexcinctus "gualacate 0 gualincho"

La distribucion de esta especie comprende segtin Wetzel (1982) las savanas al sur de Surinam y las adyacentes de Para (Peru), el Mato Grosso y las tierras altas de Brasil, Uruguay, Paraguay, norte de Argentina y Sud-este de Bolivia. Se reunieron ocho ejemplares, provenientes del bosque xerofilo (localidades 2,3,5,9 y 13, un ejemplar por localidad), la selva de transici6n (localidad 17, un ejemplar) y la selva montana (Iocalidades 19 y 25, un ejemplar en cada una).

Dasypus yepesi "mulita"

Esta especie fue reconocida por Vizcafno (1995) e incIuye especfmenes previamente asignados a D. marrai (Yepes, 1933; Cabrera, 1957; 0lrog, 1976. 1979), D. hybridus, D. septemcinctus y D. novemcinctus (Wetzel y Mondolfi, 1979). Su distribucion esta s610 confirmada para la region considerada en este trabajo. Se registraron 18 ejemplares, de los cuales 6 correspondieron al bosque xerofilo (localidad 11, cinco ejemplares; y localidad 12, un ejernplar), dos al ecotono bosque xerofilo/selva de transicion (localidades 14 y 15), seis ala selva de transici6n (cinco ejemplares en la localidad 17 y uno en la 19), y los cinco restantes a la selva montana (localidades 19, 22 Y 23, un ejemplar en cada una y localidad 28, dos ejempJares).

Discusion

Otras especies mencionadas para la region no fueron registradas. Chaetophractus nationi fue citada para la puna argentina por Cabrera (.1957). Wetzel (1985) desestirna la presencia en la region de esta especie, a la que considera como una probable subespecie de C. vellerosus. Estas especies no fueron obtenidas por nosotros en las zonas de vegetaci6n altoandina en las que te6ricamente habitarfan, probablemente debido a su baja densidad y a que no existen asentamientos humanos estables que puedan proveer material 0 informacion sobre los armadillos de ese habitat. Tampoco se encontraron D. hybridus, D. septemcinctus y D. novemcinctus. Sin embargo, ejemplares de D. novemcinctus procedentes de Tabacal (Dto. de Oran, Salta) depositados en el Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, sefialan la posibilidad de la presencia de esta especie en el area consideradada, fundamentalmente en el bosque xerofilo y su ecotono con la selva de transicion,

Edentata 3(1 J, November 1997

Page 9

De las 4 especies encontradas, T. matacus es la que muestra mas claramente una asociaci6n con un habitat en particular. S610 se 10 registr6 en ambientes secos con vegetaci6n de tipo xer6filo, en los que representa eI53,5% de los armadillos capturados por los habitantes de esas zonas, desapareciendo abruptamente en areas de mas de 700 mm de precipitaci6n anual. Esta correlacion estrecha es concordante can el tipo de ambiente dominante en su area de distribuci6n. Si bien se registraron tantas mulitas como quirquinchos, su patr6n de aparici6n esta bien diferenciado. D. yepesi apareci6 desde las zonas bajas y secas correspondientes al bosque xer6filo hasta los ambientes montaiiosos, hiimedos y selvaticos de la selva montana, de manera que aparenta tener una amplia tolerancia en cuanto a sus requerimientos ambientales. E. sexcinctus fue hallada en los mismos habitats que D. yepesi, aunque con menor frecuencia.

No es posible inferir la relaci6n entre C. vellerosus y su habitat a partir de los datos obtenidos debido al limitado mimero de ejemplares de que se dispuso. Sin embargo, dado 10 que se conoce de la distribucion y la biologfa de esta especie, su presencia estable en la selva montana resulta dudosa, aunque no podrfa descartarse su ingreso por los valles de los grandes rfos como ocurre con numerosos elementos floristicos de origen chaqueno en el valle del RIO San Fransisco (Brown y Ramadori, 1988).

Debido a que todos los armadillos son igualmente apreciados por los pobladores, quienes no sefialan una selectividad especffica al momenta de cazarlos, podrfa interpretarse que E. sexcinctus y Ch. vellerosus son las especies menos abundantes de las cuatro halladas.

Agradecimientos

A Alejandro Brown, Alfredo Carlini y Diego Verzi par su participaci6n en las tareas de campo. A los pobladores que facilitaron ejemplares e informaci6n. Este trabajo fue subsidiado por el PIA-CONICET 004-0349-87.

Bibliograffa

Brown, A. y Ramadori, E. 1988. Patron de distribuci6n, diversidad y caracterfsticas ecol6gicas de especies arboreas de las selvas y bosques montanos del N.O. de

la Argentina. En: VI Congreso Forestal Argentino, Torno I: 177-181. Santiago del Estero, Argentina.

Cabrera, A. 1957. Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del Sur. I (Metatheria- Unguiculata-Carnivora). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Ciencias Zoologicas, 4, 307 pp

Cabrera, A. L. 1976. Regiones fitogeograficas argentinas.

Ene. Arg. Agric. y Jard. I (1): 1-85.

Cabrera, A. y Willink, A. 1973. Biogeografia de America Latina. Programa Regional de Desarrollo Cientffico y Tecnol6gico, Departamento de Asuntos Cientificos, OEA. 120 pp. Washington.

Carlini, A. y Vizcaino, S. 1987. A new record of the armadillo Chaetophractus vellerosus (Gray, 1865) (Mammalia, Dasypodidae) in the Buenos Aires Province of Argentine: possible causes for the disjunt distribution. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 22 (1): 53-56.

Olrog, C. C. 1976. Sobre mamiferos del noroeste argentino.

Acta Zool6gica Lilloana, 32: 5-12.

Olrog, C. C. 1976. Los mamiferos de la selva humeda, Cerro Calilegua, Jujuy. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 33: 9- 14.

Vizcaino, S. F. 1995. Identificaci6n especffica de las "mulitas", genero Dasypus L. (Mammalia, Dasypodidae), del noroeste argentino. Descripci6n de una nueva especie, Mastozoologia Neotropical2 (1): 5- 13.

Wetzel, R. M. 1982. Systematics, distribution, ecology and conservation of South American Edentates. Special Publication Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology, 6: 345- 375. Linesville, Pennsylvania.

Wetzel, R. M. 1985. Taxonomy and distribution of armadillos, Dasypodidae. Pp 23-46. En: The Evolution and Ecology of Armadillos, Sloths and Vermilimguas. (G. O. Montgomery ed.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 451 pp.

Wetzel, R. M. Y Mondolfi, E. 1979. The subgenera and species of long-nosed armadillos genus Dasypus L. Pp 43-63. En: Vertebrate ecology in the northern neotropics (1. F. Eisenberg ed.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.

Yepes, J. V. 1933. Una nueva especie de "muIita" (Dasypodidae) para el norte argentino. Physis, 11: 225- 232.

Page 10


The discovery of the Brazilian three banded armadillo in the Cerrado of Central Brazil

Jader Marinho-Filho

Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasilia, 70910-900, Brasilia, OF, Brazil.

MariUa Marques Guimaraes

PG-Ecologia, Universidade de Brasilia, 70910-900, Brasilia, DE Brazil.

Marcelo Lima Reis

Jardim Zool6gico de Brasflia, Av. das Nacoes, L4 Sui, Brasilia, DF , Brazil.

Fhivio H. GufmaraesRodrigues

PG-Ecologia, Depto, Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Carnpinas, 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Osvaldo Torres

Fundacao Pro-Natureza, SCLN 107, Bloco B, 70743-060, Brasflia, OF, Brazil.

Guilherme de Almeida

Fundacao Pro-Natureza, SCLN 107, Bloco B, 70043-060, Brasilia, DF, Brazil

Abstract

The Brazilian three-banded armadillo, Tolypeutes tricinctus, a rare species threatened with extinction, has been described as a Caatinga endemic. However, it has recently been found in native cerrado areas on the border of the states of Goias and Bahia. These animals were mostly captured in natural Cerrado areas, but they were also caught in such areas as Pinus and Eucalyptus reforestation and corn and soy bean crops. As in the Caatinga region, their populations have been diminishing drastically, and some measures must be considered and implemented to allow for the survival ofthis species where it is still present, and also permit its reintroduction in areas where it is already locally extinct.

Introduction

The Xenarthra radiated in South America between the Paleocene (65 M. a.) and Pliocene (5 M. a.), when the continent was isolated. This mammalian order does not have favorable prospects concerning its conservation: its four families (Myrmecophagidae, Bradypodidae, Megalonychidae, Dasypodidae) include 29 species, of which three are "endangered", five are "vulnerable", two are "near threatened" and six are "data defficient", according to IUCN's Red List (IUCN, 1996). This means that more than 55% of xenarthran species are at risk or are poorly known.

Tolypeutes tricinctus is one of the species categorized by the mCN Red List as "vulnerable" (IUCN, 1996), and is included as "endangered" in the Brazilian Official list of Species Threatened with Extinction (Bernardes et al., 1989). The Brazilian three-banded armadillo is one of the rarest and least known armadillo species in Brazil. It had not been seen by scientists for more than 20 years, leading some scientists to think that it was extinct in the wild (Cole et al., 1994). Recently, however, it was found in various sites in the caatinga region (Cardoso da Silva & Oren, 1993; Santos et al., 1994).

Tolypeutes tricinctus is the only endemic Brazilian armadillo, and considered a Caatinga endemic (Wetzel. 1985a, 1985b; Nowak, 1991; Cardoso da Silva'& Oren. 1993; Redford, 1994; Santos, 1994; Santos et al., 1994), because all previous records have from this region (Sanborn, 1930; 1931; Moojen, 1943; Cardoso da Silva & Oren, 1993; Santoselal., 1994). In this paper we present information regarding the occurrence of T. tricinctus in the Cerrado region, in the western part of the state of Bahia. near the border of the state of Goias (Figure 1).

Description of the locality

The Cerrado is a savanna-like formation, with a very distinctive flora associated with well-drained, deep, strongly acidic latosols, poor in nutrients and rich in aluminum (Eiten, 1972, 1994). The Cerrado vegetation is a xeromorphic intergrading mosaic of pure grassland, called campo limpo, to closed woodlands such as gallery and mesophytic forests (Eiten, 1994).

The climate is tropical with a well-defined dry season. Mean annual precipitation is around 1,3OOmm (Funatura, 1991), most of the rain falling during the wet season (from OctoberlNovember to March). The dry season is from April to September/October.

From September 1992 through March 1993. while working on a faunal inventory at Fazenda Jatoba, a forestry enterprise of the Shell group, we found some individuals of Tolypeutes tricinctus living in native cerrado areas. Later, in July 1995 to January 1996, we returned to the same region, to work on another private farm neighbouring Fazenda J atoba, the Fazenda Rio Pratudao, where we also found the Brazilian three-banded-armadillo. The Fazenda Jatoba, is located in Correntina, (130 53'S 45" 42'W) Bahia state, close to the state of Goias. The Fazenda Rio Pratudao (140 14'S 45" 56'W) is located in the municipality of Jaborandi, also in the state of Bahia, on the border of the state of Goias, The area is in the Chapadao Ocidental da Bahia, one of the huge plateaus on the top of the Bspigao Mestre, in the heart of the Cerrado distribution.


Page 11

Both farms have natural open cerrado areas and forest or crop plantations. The Jatoba farm has a total area of 100,000 ha with 30,000 ha covered with reforestation of Pinus and Eucalyptus. The Pratudao farm has 5,000 ha of its total of70,000 ha area covered with corn and soy bean fields.

A total of 40 specimens were captured, marked and released on the two farms. None of them was recaptured. One individual was captured in a rodent trap (Young trap) baited with a mixture of peanut butter and corn flour. All other captures were made manually after sighting them at a distance while driving on roads and trails in the study area. There was no need for the use of dogs to find the animals. Most (34 individuals; 85%) were found in areas covered with natural open

Cerrado physiognomies, but 53'3()' 48'30' 43'30' 38'30' 34'30'

they were also captured close r----r-----,......,~~~~---~-------~~----__, 0'30'

to other habitats. such as:

Vereda de Buriti (wet grasslands with palm trees; I animal; 2.5%); Pinus and Eucalyptus reforestation (3 animals; 7.5%); and corn and soy beans crops (2 animals; 5%). The Brazilian threebanded armadillo population we found appears to be large. No marked animals were recaptured despite the intense effort in day and night patrols (Guimaraes, 1997).

The Armadillos

Conservation status and prospects for actions

Tolypeutes tricinctus was common in Northeastern Brazil. but today its populations are rapidly diminishing, and the species is extinct in a large portion of its original distribution (Santos. 1994; Santos et al., 1994). The Brazilian threebanded armadillo suffers from strong hunting pressure. Rolling up into a ball is its only means of defense. making it easy prey for humans. The situation becomes even worse, considering that the largest part of its distribution in the Caatinga is also occupied by extremely impoverished

human populations. Such strong hunting pressure and its low reproductive rates (females. in general, give birth to only one offspring) make Tolypeutes tricinctus very vulnerable to local extinction, as has been already observed (Santos, 1993). Some urgent and necessary measures must be taken (Guimaraes, 1997) to counteract the effects of hunting and habitat alteration that threaten natural populations of T. tricinctus:

To develop an in situ conservation program on Tolypeutes tricinctus populations in the Estacao Ecol6gica do Raso da Catarina, in the Caatinga (Santos. 1993; Santos et al., 1994) and in the region of Posse. Correntina and Jaborandi. where we found the Cerrado population. This will permit further reintroduction of this species in protected areas where it is supposed to have occurred.

AUsntic Ocean

....................... 1S'JD'

N

A

.. ................•.•..•• 20'30'

LEGEND

• Caallnga C:J Corrado

a Conlact zones o Rain forests

~ ~U_~~ ~ ~25'3O'

Figure 1. Previously known distribution of Tolypeutes tricinctus corresponds to the Caatinga biome, The black square represents the T tricinctus record for the Cerrado. The biome limits are based on lBGE (1993).

Page 12

Edemata 3(1 J, November 1997

• An education program for the people living within the range of T. tricinctus in the Cerrado. Consideration should be given to the fact that human populations in this region have better living conditions, and hunting pressure in this area tends to be more associated with sport than subsistence, as it is in the Caatinga. This increases the probability of a successful educational program in the Cerrado.

• To carry out a survey of the conservation units in the Cerrado domain which still have or had natural populations of T. tricinctus, evaluating the potential of these areas to receive and effectively protect reintroduced animals.

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Floryl S.A.I Shell do Brasil S.A. and the owners and personel of the Fazenda Rio Pratudao for permission and the facilities to work at the Fazenda Jatoba and Rio Pratudao, respectively. We also thank WWF, Fundacao "0 Boticario" de Protecao a Natureza, and FAPDF (grant to JMF, proc. 190(00126/94) for financial support. Jose Vieira (Z6 Magro), Vilson Andrade, Patricia Seixas, Fernando Azevedo, Glaucia Zerbini and Keila MacFaden were excellent company and provided valuable field assistence. Ricardo B. Machado helped with the map. Marc Johnson kindly revised the manuscript.

References

Bemardes, A. T., A. B. M. Machado & A. B. Rylands. 1990. Fauna Brasileira Ameacada de Extinciio . Fundacao Biodiversitas, Belo Horizonte.

CardosodaSilva,J.M. &D.C.Oren.1993. Observations on the habits of the Brazilian three-banded armadillo Tolypeutes tricinctus, a threatened caatinga endemic. Mammalia 57: 149-152.

Cole, F. R., D. M. Reeder & D. E. Wilson. 1994. A synopsis of distribution patterns and the conservation of mammals species. J. Mammal. 75: 266-276.

Eiten, G. 1972. The Cerrado vegetation of Brazil. Bot.

Rev. 38: 201-341.

Eiten, G. 1994. Vegetacao do Cerrado. In: Pinto, M.

N.(org.). Cerrado. Sematecl Editora da UnB. Brasilia pp.17-73.

Funatura. 1991. Delimitacao das formas fitofisionomicas do Cerrado. In: Estudos Comparativos da Biodiversdade Entre Cerrados e Florestas Plantadas na Fazenda

Jatobd, Correntina, EA. Fundacao Pro-Natureza, Brasilia.

Guimaraes, M. M. 1997. Area de vida, territorialidade e dieta do tatu-bola, Tolypeutes tricinctus (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae) num cerrado do Brasil Central. Master's thesis. Institute de Ciencias Biol6gicas, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia.

IBOE. 1993. Mapa de Yegetacdo do Brasil. Escala 1:5.000.000. IBGE, Rio de Janeiro.

mCN. 1996.1996 JUCN Red List of Threatened Animals.

IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.

Moojen, J. 1943. Alguns mamiferos coleclonados no Nordeste do Brasil com a descricao de duas especies novas e notas de campo. Boletim do Museu Nacional - Nova Serie 5: 1-17.

Nowak, R. M. 1991. Walker's Mammals of the World. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

Redford, K. H. 1994. The edentates of the Cerrado.

Edentata 1:4-10.

Sanborn, C. C. 1930. Distribution and habits of the three banded armadillo (Tolypeutes). J. Mammal. 11: 61-68.

Sanborn, C. C. 1931. Further notes on Toiypeutes. J.

Mammal. 12: 304.

Santos, 1. B. 1993. Bionomia, distribuicao geografica e situacao atual do taw-bola Tolypeutes tricinctus (Linne, 1758) (Dasypodidae, Mammalia), no nordeste do Brasil. Master's thesis. Institute de Ciencias Biolcgicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte,

Santos, 1. B. 1994. Tatu-bola. Pp. 25-32 In: G. A. B. da Fonseca, A. B. Rylands, C. M. R. Costa, R. B. Machado & Y. L. R. Leite (eds.). Livro Vermelho dos Mamiferos Brasileiros Ameacados de Extincdo . Fundacao Biodiversitas, Belo Horizonte,

Santos, I. B., G. A. B. da Fonseca, S. A. Rigueira & R. B.

Machado. 1994. The rediscovery of the Brazilian three banded armadillo and notes on its conservation status. Edentata 1: 11-15.

Wetzel, R. M. 1985a. The identification and distribution of recent Xenarthra (=Edendata). Pp. 5-21 In: G.G. Montgomery (ed.). The Evolution and Ecology of Armadillos, Sloths, and Vermilinguas. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.

Wetzel, R. M. 1985b. Taxonomy and distribution of armadillos, Dasypodidae. Pp. 23-46 In: G. G. Montgomery (ed.). The Evolution and Ecology of Armadillos, Sloths, and Vermilinguas. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.

Philip Hershkovitz: 0 Ultimo que Conheceu Toda Nossa Diversidade de Mamiferos Alfredo Langguth

Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Parafba, 58059-900 Joao Pessoa, Parafba, Brazil. From Neotropical Primates 5(3), September 1997.

Philip Hershkovitz nasceu em Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, EVA em 1909. Casou em 1946 com Anne Marie Pierrette Hershkovitz a quem conheceu na Franca durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, enquanto servia na "Office of

Strategic Services" (1943-46). Deixou tres filhos, Francine, Michael Dade e Mark Alan.

Como cientista Hershkovitz tinha uma mente aberta,


Page 13

~.

percebeu logo que a informacao de todas as areas da biologia podia ser sintetizada na sistematica e que, sem uma boa base de nomenclatura zoologica, era diffcil navegar no mar da biodiversidade. Dominava a morfologia e estava num meio fertil para isto, por ter Chicago uma escola tradicional em morfologia e, proximo dele, no Field Museum, estar uma das maiores autoridades da Anatomia Com parada dos mamiferos, Dwight D. Davis (ver sua obra prima sobre 0 Urso Panda em Fieldiana, Zool. Mem. 3, 1964).

Naturalmente, a biogeografia era uma parte substancial do seu trabalho. A medida que a informacao foi sendo publicada pel os citogeneticistas pas sou a considerar tam bern a cariologia. Todavia, apesar de sempre ter fornecido medidas dos especimes estudados, ignorou a estatfstica e chegou tarde demais para embarcar na cladfstica e na biologia molecular. Hershkovitz teve uma compreensao profunda dos processos evolutivos em mamfferos e hipoteses evolutivas permearam seus trabalhos. Como taxonomista foi inicialmente urn "lumper" que acreditava que a diversidade descrita na epoca nao tinha fundamento factual, Esta posicao, comentou-me uma vez, foi uma reacao aos "splitters" da geracao anterior, principal mente Oldfield Thomas, 0 pesquisador que mais especies descreveu da Neotropica. Mais tarde, reconheceu que 0 mar da diversidade Neotropical era bern maior sob a superffcie do que se imaginava e transfonnou-se num "splitter". Mesmo tendo sido inicialmente urn "I urn per" chegou a descrever e publicar 75 novas especies e subespecies.

Hershkovitz tinha uma habilidade particular para a comunicacao escrita. Suas publicacoes caracterizam-se por urn estilo lim po, enxuto, facil de compreender e muito preciso. Alern disso, seus trabalhoscontem relativamente poucos erras e urn grande acurnulo de inforrnacao. Tinha urn conhecimento enciclopedico da literatura sobre a mastofauna Neotropical sendo 0 seu "Catalog of Living Whales" urn exemplo disto, tanto para as abras antigas quanto para as mais recentes. Uma das principais contribuicoes de Hershkovitz foi sua serie de revisoes taxonomicas de varies grupos de roedores e primatas. Comecon em 1941 com a genero Reithrodontomys seguindo Nectomys (1944), Holochilus (1955), Oecomys (1960), os filotinos (1962), os scapteromyinos (1966), e a serie de revisoes de varios generos de platirrinos que inclui sua obra prima "Living New World Monkeys" (1133pp. pubJicada em 1977), uma monografia de todo 0 conhecimento disponfvel sobre os Callitrichidae, sua revisao taxonomica e urn tratamento abrangente da marfologia dos primatas em geral. A quantidade de conhecimento contida neste volume e deslumbrante.

E na decada de 60 que cornecam a cristalizar suas principais teorias. Sua mente era muito criativa, enriquecendo com valiosas hipoteses e teorias 0 campo da evolucao dos mamfferos neotropicais. Vale a pena mencionar suas teorias sobre a evolucao do molar nos

Sigmodontinae, a do metacromisrno, a da historia biogeografica dos roedores cricetfdeos, da evolucao da denticao nos marsupiais.

Hershkovitz nao foi contaminado pelo virus da cladfstica, mas 0 interesse pela filogenia esteve subjacente na maioria dos seus trabalhos, expressando-se em arvores filogeneticas intuitivas e em propostas de classificacao baseadas em hipoteses filogeneticas. Foi talvez 0 interesse pela hist6ria das linhagens filogeneticas que 0 levou a se envolver com a paleontologia. Tambern para isto, ele esteve no lugar certo pois, no Field Museum trabalhava Bryan Patterson, seu interlocutor, paleontologista que fez importantes contribuicoes it historia dos mamfferos Neotropicais.

Para navegar no mar da biadiversidade Neotropical era fundamental um conhecimento profundo da nomenclatura e, portanto, das obras dos primeiros naturalistas (ver sfntese de 1987). Este conhecimento, adquirido principalmente na primeira metade de sua carreira cientffica, permitiuIhe, por exemplo, limpar 0 emaranhado da nomenclatura dos platirrinas, 0 que mereceu 0 agradecimento e adrniracao dos primatologistas neotropicais.

Em mim, esta adrniracao vern de longa data. Quando adolescente e iniciante no campo da mastazoologia na U niversidade de Montevideu, escutei falar muito do grande especialista nos mamfferos de America do Sui, que acabara de identificar especies raras de roedores da fauna Uruguaia. A partir daquela data ate hoje, Hershkovitz tornou-se para mim urn referencial de conhecimento, de eficiencia, de criatividade e, em certo sentido, de autoridade e poder cientffico. Quarenta anos depois, ele com 83 anos, ao partilharmos uma expedicao a uma das montanhas mais altas do Brasil, Caparao, existia em mim 0 mesmo senti men to para com 0 Mestre. Talvez seja a titanico esforco individual realizado par Hershkovitz (dos aprox. 160 trabalhos cientfficos por ele publicados, somente tres foram em colaboracao), que provoca em nos uma admiracao especial pela sua pessoa.

E claro que uma obra dessa magnitude nao se faz sem ajuda. Valerie G. Connor foi ate 1974 sua secretaria e assistente tecnico, A sua esposa Anne Marie 0 acompanhou na segunda expedicao a Colombia e foi muito irnportante na preparacao da monografia sobre os platirrinos. Mais recentemente, Barbara Brown colaborou com ele como assistente tecnico, no trabalho de campo no Brasil, e deu nos ultimos anos, com a devida paciencia, valioso apoio a nivel pessoal.

Hershkovitz tinha urn temperamento aspero, mas de born coracao, No fundo parece que se divertia em ser rude, usando isso como uma especie de mascara. Era uma pessoa hospitaleira, disposta a alojar na sua casa os visitantes do SuI e brindar-lhes com uma com ida deliciosa. Quem teve a sorte de se hospedar no seu apartamento em Chicago ou de acompanha-lo no trabalho de campo, pode admirar suas

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habilidades como cozinheiro. Os medalhoes de file mignon fritados na manteiga e devidamente temperados, os seus molhos saborosos, eram mais urn motivo de admiracao, E que Hershkovitz nao era uma personalidade monofacetica, e apesar de sua dedicacao intensiva ao trabalho mastozool6gico, era uma pessoa muito culta, interessada tanto nas artes plasticas quanto na antropologia. Particular destaque merece seu interesse pela musica classica, Uma coisa pouco conhecida era a sua habilidade como violinista. Cedo na vida teve que escolher entre ser urn rmisico profissional ou urn biologo, Tendo optado pelo ultimo desistiu ate mesmo de ser urn interprete ocasional. No entanto sua sensibilidade pela musica perdurou ate 0 fim, Possufa uma cadeira permanente na Opera de Chicago, onde compareceu geralmente acompanhado de sua filha Francine.

Hershkovitz graduou-se em Zoologia pela Universidade de Pittsburgh e concluiu 0 mestrado na Universidade de Michigan (1940), onde comecou 0 doutorado que interrompeu para conduzir trabalho de campo na Colombia. Ao seu regresso, uma oferta de emprego como curador no Departamento de Zoologia do Field Museum, cargo que ambicionava e alem disso resolvia seus problemas economicos, fez com que perdesse 0 interesse no doutorado. Ele nao foi formalmente urn professor universitario, e apenas uma vez orientou na pos-graduacao. Todavia, estava disposto a ajudar as pessoas que 0 procuravam, partilhando com paixao seus conhecimentos com quem 0 visitava. Foi assim comigo na primeira vez que nos encontramos, no Field Museum, e foi assim com todos os estagiarios do Museu Nacional e seus colaboradores de campo durante suas visitas ao Brasil. Seu entusiasmo era tal que nao dava chance de falar ao seu interlocutor. Hershkovitz trabalhava duro, seu expediente no Museu de Chicago era de 9 horas e 0 trabalho continuava em casa. Possufa uma energia inesgotavel e uma forca de vontade exemplar.

Hershkovitz teve uma enorme experiencia de campo. No Equador (1933-37) coletou mamfferos para 0 Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Michigan, na Colombia (1941-43) para 0 United States National Museum, e em 1948-52 para 0 Field Museum e a partir de 1986, em varias oportunidades, no Brasil. Ele era excelente coletor, sabia rnuito bern onde e como procurar os mamiferos e seu catalogo de campo chegou a mais de 10.000 registros. Todavia, 0 seu interesse estava mais na diversidade e na anatomia do que no comportamento e na ecologia, sendo poucas as observacoes pessoais sobre a biologia dos animais par ele capturados que publicou nos seus trabalhos.

A primeira visita de Hershkovitz ao Brasil, de meu conhecimento, data de t 976. De 26 de Julho a 7 de agosto examinou calitriquideos em nossos museus e voltou ao Brasil em 1982 para trabalhar nas colecoes do Museu Nacional. Em 1984, regressou para examinar novamente material nas colecoes, visitar 0 INPA em Manaus tentando,

sem sucesso, participar do inventario de fauna na area da UHE de Tucuruf, Rio Tocantins. Ali, no mes de marco, encontrei com ele pela segunda vez, Nao foi urn encontro amigavel: eu, preocupado em manter no Brasil 0 material coletado na area do reservat6rio e ele obviamente, querendo levar para Chicago tanto quanto possfvel do material que eventual mente coletasse. Este foi sempre urn interesse fundamental na sua carreira e urn indicador de sucesso do seu trabalho de campo. Naturalmente, como cada urn defendesse os interesses de seu pals e de sua instituicao, nao houve espaco para uma maior aproximacao, trocando apenas palavras rfspidas,

Em 1986, Hershkovitz trabalhou no campo na regiao de Brasflia, onde contou com a colaboracao inestimavel do seu amigo Scott M. Lindbergh. Tambem 0 ajudaram no campo Miguel Marini e Christopher Tribe, cste ultimo ja conhecido de suas visitas ao Museu Nacional. Desta vez, trabalhou, entre outros locais, na reserva do IBGE e no Parque Nacional de Brasflia. Foi principalmente neste Parque que coletou material importantissimo: varias especies nao descritas de sigmodontinos e algumas form as de transicao de grande irnportancia evolutiva, Mais uma vez 0 seu faro 0 tinha levado a urn lugar de grande irnportancia para en tender a mastofauna do Brasil. Todavia, sua tentativa de Iocalizar 0 desaparecido Juscelinomys candango foi em vao, Continuandoesta linha de busca das origens e evolucao da mastofauna interessouse pelo trabalho na Mata Atlantica e, nos dais anos seguintes, visitou 0 PETAR em Sao Paulo trabalhando novamente nas colecoes,

A partir daf, preocupou-se peta Mata Atlantica, a qual pensava ser urn importante centro de origem de rnamfferos, Ete queria coletar nas serras que, como Capara6 permitiam obter amostras a diferentes altitudes e em diferentes habitats dando substdios para entender a historia da mastofauna deste bioma. Na epoca Professor da UFRJ e responsavel pela colecao de mamfferos do Museu Nacional, fui procurado pelo seu dedicado amigo Scott Lindbergh e minha col ega Cibele Bonvicino para participar da expedicao ao Parque Nacional de Capara6 como representante do Brasil. Em 1992 esta expcdicao cristalizou-se e Hershkovitz conscguiu realizar seu principal trabalho de campo na Mata Atlantica, Esta expedicao conjunta do Museu Nacional com 0 Field Museum s6 se concretizou gracas ao estfmulo e habilidade de articulacao de Scott Lindbergh. Ela foi financiada em parte pelo Barbara E. Brown Fund for Mammal Research do Field Museum (que tambern financiou outras viagens de Hershkovitz ao Brasil), pelo IBAMA e pela UFRJ. Resolvido 0 problema dos especimes (80% para 0 Museu Nacional e 20% para 0 Museu de Chicago) dedicamo-nos ao trabalho de campo com paixao, Os resultados foram inesperados: varias especies ainda nao descritas, que Hershkovitz se propos a estudar, abundantes mamfferos nas armadilhas e informacoes sobre as preferencias de habitat e a distribuicao altitudinal de pequenos mamfferos


Page 15

que elucidaram varios aspectos da historia da fauna de Mata Atlantica, Todavia, para mim, 0 rnais interessante foi 0 convfvio com Philip. Ja 0 havia encontrado duas vezes. A primeira em 1972, quando 0 visitei no Field Museum, foi essencialmente profissional. A segunda em Tucuruf foi pouco agradavel, Agora, em Caparao, eu teria durante 42 dias a oportunidade longamente esperada de ter urn contato mais estreito com Philip. 0 Hershkovitz que eu descobri naquelas serras era uma pessoa diferente, mas a forca de sua personalidade manteve acesa a chama de minha admiracao por ele, Era urn homem velho, (seu 83° aniversario foi comemorado no campo), fisicamente deteriorado mas com uma forca de vontade e de espfrito capaz de superar qualquer dificuldade. Ele acompanhou a expedicao ate 0 acampamento mais alto. Embora tenha precis ado se deslocar em lombo de burro enquanto as outras pessoas iam ape, ele chegou la, Nesta viagem 0 apoio de Barbara Brown foi mais uma vez muito importante. 0 que mais me impressionou neste convfvio foi sua mente jovem, fertil e criativa. Hipoteses e explicacoes flufam de. sua cabeca sem parar, a medida que as descobertas se acumulavam. Com 0 desaparecimento de Philip Hershkovitz (1909-1997) encerra-se urn perfodo na mastozoologia Neotropical que se caracterizou pela tentativa individual de conhecer globalmente a diversidade

dos mamfferos baseando-se na morfologia, na biogeografia e com salida base de nomenclatura zool6gica.

Tres pesquisadores de museu destacam-se neste perfodo, Oldfield Thomas foi 0 mais prolifico (1090 trabalhos publicados, 2900 novos generos, especies ou subespecies descritos), mas Angel Cabrera e Philip Hershkovitz realizaram urn trabalho mais profundo, mais abrangente e com enfase no aspecto evolutivo. Cabrera morreu em 1960 e, nesse momento, a mastozoologia estava comecando a incorporar conhecimentos de outros campos emergentes da Biologia, particularmente a sistematica filogenetica, a citogenetica, a biologia molecular e tambem a ecologia, ficando cada vez mais diffcil 0 conhecimento individual de toda a biodiversidade de rnamfferos de uma regiao, Hershkovitz foi, assim, 0 ultimo dos grandes pesquisadores que conseguiu, individualmente, ter uma visao global da diversidade de nossos mamfferos,

Philip Hershkovitz foi, portanto, uma pessoa admiravel que nos deixou urn exemplo a ser seguido, pelas novas geracoes, de forca de vontade, perseverance, dedicacao it ciencia, de mente pronta a procurar explicacoes, e simultaneamente, de sensibilidade para a cultura e outros aspectos da natureza humana.

News

Society of Mammalogists, AnnouncementLatin American Fellowship

The Latin American Fellowship has been established to promote the support of field research by Latin Americans in Latin America. Eligible students must be citizens of Latin American countries (excluding Puerto Rico), and enrolled in a graduate program in either a Latin American or North American university. the award will be U$ 1,000. Proposed projects must' be primarily field-oriented with a research emphasis in the areas of natural history, conservation, ecology, systematics, wildlife biology, biogeography, or behavior. These areas of research in mammalogy shall be considered equally important by the selection committee. Application information and forms may be obtained from Dr. Janet K. Braun, Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA, Tel:(405) 325-2828, Fax (405) 325-7699, e-mail: jkbraun@ou.edu. The awardee will be announced at the annual meeting of the American Society of Mammalogist (ASM) at the banquet at Oklahoma State University.

Center for Field Research

The Center for Field Research invites proposals for 1998- 99 field grants funded by its affiliate Earthwatch is an international, non-profit organization dedicated to sponsoring field research and promoting public education in the science and humanities. Past projects have been

successfully fielded in, but are not limited to, the following disciplines: animal behavior, biodiversity, ecology, ornithology, endangered species, entomology, marine mammalogy, ichthyology, herpetology, marine ecology, and resource and wildlife management. Interdisciplinary projects are especially encouraged as is multinational collaboration. Information can be found at http/! www.earthwatch.orgfcfrfcfr.htlm, or you can contact: The Center for Field Research, 680 Mt. Auburn Street, Watertown, MA 02272. Telephone: (617) 926-8200 FAX (617) 926-8532- e-mail: cfr@earthwalch.org

Grupo de Trabalho em Biodiversidade (GTB)

o Grupo de Trabalho em Biodiversidade (GTB) foi criado por iniciativa dos especialistas brasileiros ligados a conservacao dos recursos naturais, como Gustavo Fonseca (UFMG/Conservation International do Brasil), Jose Marcie Ayres (Museu Paraense Emilio GoeldilSociedade Civfl Mamiraua) e Miguel Milano (Universidade Federal do Parana/Fundacao 0 Boticario) e com 0 apoio do CNPq, do Ministerio do Meio Ambiente, dos Recursos Hfdricos e da Amazonia Legal e da Uniao Internacional para a Natureza.

o impulse para criacao do GTB surgiu frente a constaiacao da necessidade de urn forum que discuta seria, cientffica e politicamente os desafios relacionados a urgencia de se

Page 16


conservar biodiversidade no Brasil e que funcione como referencia a acontecimentos que vern, sistematicamente, abrindo novas possibilidades relacionadas a conservacao e ao uso sustenvavel da biodiversidade, e que muitas destas oportunidades que se apresentaram nao tenham se materializado em seu pleno potencial devido a urn grande niimero de fatores limitantes, a maior parte deles, relacionada a instabilidade e fraqueza institucional das agencias de governo. Neste cenario se evidenciou a necessidade de se estabelecer urn grupo de trabalho interinstitucional sobre a biodiversidade no Brasil, que periodica e sistematicamente examine toda a problematica ligada a sua conservacao e uso sustentado, em uma otica cientifica e politicamente solida, com atuacao consuItiva e carater independente. 0 grupo tambem pretende assumir urn papel de articulador e potencializador dos diferentes programas em andamento propostos para 0 Brasil.

Acreditando poder servir como ponto de referencia nacional para 0 grupo de especialistas em especies (Species Survival Commission) associados a IUCN, 0 GTB com 0 apoio do CNPq, tern dado suporte a producao deste Newsletter e do Neotropical Primates, este ultimo editado por Anthony Rylands, tambern membro do grupo.

o grupo e hoje composto por 17 membros, entre renomados cientistas brasileiros e profissionais da area de conservacao, Dentre as propostas do GTB merecem destaque 0 suprimento, ainda, que parcial das deficiencias, acima expostas, pretendendo servir como marco de referencia no assessoramento de agencias do go verno, agencias bilaterais e multilaterais de fomento e do movimento ambientalista como urn todo.

Organisation (address, country, fax, telephone, e-mail) and 3) Staff (Lastname, Firstname, title, telephone, fax, email). Please send to: IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group (RSG), African Wildlife Foundation, P.O. Box 48177, Nairobi, Kenya, Fax: 2542710372, e-mail: awfnrb@form-net.com.

Distance Sampling - E-mail Discussion List The distance sampling e-mail discussion list is a new forum for the sharing of ideas and information among researchers and practitioners interested in distance sampling survey methods. What is distance sampling? Distance sampling is a widely-used technique for estimating the abundance of biological populations. Distance sampling methods include line transects, point transects (variable circular plots), cue counting, trapping webs and migration counts. How does the list work? Members send e-mail messages to a central location from where they are distributed to everyone else on the list. Topics for discussion include:

Questions about survey design and analysis (and answers!); discussion of new methodological developments; advice on the use of software tools (program DISTANCE and other packages); news about up-coming meetings. workshops and conferences where distance sampling methods will be discussed; jobs in distance-sampling fields. How do you join'l Send an e-mail message to the address <mailbase@mailbase.ac.uk> with the following in the message body: "join distance-sampling yourfirstname yourlastname stop (e.g., join distance-sampling Joan Smith). How do I find out more? Mail questions about the list to the list administrator at <distance-samplingrequestrernailbase.ac.uk».

A secretaria executiva do GTB vern funcionando em Belo Area de vida e dieta do Tatu-bola no

l

I

Horizonte e conta com 0 apoio logfstico da Conservation International do Brasil, tendo como atual coordenador 0 Prof. Gustavo Fonseca. Atraves da producao periodoca de urn Newsletter, 0 grupo pretende fornecer urn canal permanente de comunicacao entre seus membros e com a comunidade academica e ambientalista em geral. Aqueles interessados em fazer contato com 0 grupo podem faze-to atraves do endereco: Av. Antonio Abrahao Caram, 820/ 302, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31275-000. E-mail:

GTB@conservation.org.br. Conheca tambem a home page do Grupo: www.bdt.org.br/odt/gtb

A Re-introduction Practitioners Directory The mCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group (RSG) is preparing a Re-introduction Practitioners Directory in collaboration with the National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and Development (NCWCD) in Saudi Arabia. This directory will include information on species, organisations, and individuals involved in re-introduction projects. RSG would appreciate receiving information in the following format for inclusion in this directory: I) Taxa, Species (latin name, common name, local names), 2)

Cerrado

Marflia Marques Guimaraes defendeu recenlemente sua dissertacao de mestrado sobre a biologia do tatu-bola, Tolypeutes tricinctus, como parte dos requisitos para obte ncao do tftulo de Mestre em Ecologia pela Universidade de Brasflia, Brasil. 0 estudo foi orientado pelo Dr. Jader Marinho-Filho,

o tatu-bola, Tolypeutes tricinctus, mamifero ameacado de extincao, pouco conhecido era considerado especie endernica da Caatinga. Recentemente, entretanto foram cncontradas populacoes desta especie no Cerrado. 0 trabalho foi realizado no estado da Bahia com 0 objetivo de se estudar a dieta e padroes de uso do habitat da especie. A area de vida da especie foi determinada por radiotelemetria, onde doze indivlduos receberam transmissores. Dados biornetricos foram coletados de 20 indivfduos. A dieta da especie foi determinada atraves da analise de fezes coletadas na area de estudo. A area de vida encontrada foi maior para os machos, assim como 0 tamanho corporal. A nao sobreposicao da area de vida dos machos adultos, observada no estudo, sugere que a

Edentata 3( 1), November 1997

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Announcement - MSc in Wild Knimal Health

especie seja territorial. Os cupins representaram a categoria alimentar de maior importancia para a especie.

Referencia

Guirnaraes, M. M. 1997. Area de vida, territorialidade e dieta do tatu-bola, Tolypeutes tricinctus (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae), nurn Cerrado do Brasil Central. Dissertacao de Mestrado. Pos-Graduacao em Ecologia, Universidade de Brasflia, Brasflia.

Announcement - Field Course in Venezuela The Cleveland Metroparks Zoo and Cleveland State University will be offering a course entitled "Field experience in Tropical Ecology and Conservation Biology" during the period December 1-19, 1997. The course is taught in the tropical dry forest of western Venezuela. Primate species occurring at the sight include red howlers, spider monkeys, and white-fronted capuchins. Students can study habitat use and activity patterns of these monkeys as well as participate in other studies. Program costs are approximately US$2000/student which includes airfare, lodging, ground transportation and most meals. For more information, contact: Tammie Bettinger, Research Coordinator, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, (216) 661-6500 ex. 214, e-mail: Tammieb@ix.netcom.com.

The Institute of Zoology (Zoological Society of London) and the Royal Veterinary College (The University of London) have set up a 12-month course for European and overseas graduates in veterinary and relevant sciences making a career in wild animal health. The course includes practical and theoretical instruction in the husbandry and nutrition of wild animals, taxonomy, population biology, conservation genetics, welfare and ethical aspects, sustainable use of wildlife, epidemiology, immunology, infectious and non-infectious diseases, disease investigation, restraint, preventive medicine and surgery, together with an individual research project. Training will be given by staff at The Institute of Zoology and the Royal Veterinary College, as well as invited speakers from other veterinary and zoological centres. Applications are now invited for the 1998/99 andlor 1999/2000 courses starting in October 1998 and October 1999, respectively.

Full particulars and an application form are available from:

The Registrar, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NWI OTU, England, UK, Tel: +44 (0)1714685000, Fax: +44 (0)171 3882342.

Recent Publications

Biodiversity II : Understanding and Protecting Our Biological Resources, edited by Marjorie L. Reaka-Kudla (Editor), Don E. Wilson (Editor), Edward O.Wilson, 1996, 450 pp. A renewed call for urgency, Biodiversity II updates readers on how much is already known and how much remains to be identified scientifically about this important topic. The authors explore new strategies for quantifying, understanding, and protecting biodiversity, including new approaches to the integration of electronic data, application of techniques developed in the human genome project to species identification and classification, and the contribution of museum collections to identifying and categoririzing species. Available from: Joseph Henry Press, 2101 Constitution Avenue N. w., Washington, D. C. 20418, USA.

Libra Rojo de los Vertebrados de Bolivia, edited by Patricia Ergueta S. y Cecile de Morales, 1966, 346 pp. Centro de datos para la Conservaci6n, La Paz, Bolivia. A Red Data book for the Bolivian Vertebrates following the Mace-Lande System for categorizing threatened species adopted by IUCN/SSC in December 1994. It provide information on 250 species of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals considered threatened in the country. Also information on protected areas, ecological zones, and river basins. Available from: Centro de los Datos para la Conservaci6n, 20 de Octubre N° 2672 esq. Campos, Cas ilia

11250, La Paz, Bolivia, Tel: (591-2) 432567, Fax: (591- 2) 432657.

Conservation of Faunal Diversity in Forested Landscapes, edited by Richard M. Degraaf Ronald 1 MillerPublished by Chapman & Hal1. Change is a dynamic force that is continuously influencing faunal diversity in forests around the world. Therefore, strategies to conserve forest species and habitats are needed in many parts of the world today to integrate predictions of change. This book serves to coalesce the knowledge of conservation scientists with regard to the current influence of environmental change on forest fauna. Forest wildlife conservation is urgently required in many parts of the world today. This book focuses on changing forests worldwide. It highlights the status of the key vertebrates inhabiting these forests and the past and current effects that environmental change exerts on these vertebrate populations. The evidence of changes in forests and forest fauna are presented and issues that are most critical to the conservation of these forested ecosystems are proposed.

Metapopulation and Wildlife, Conservation, edited by Dale R. McCullough, 1996, 429 pp. Island Press, Washington, D.C. An understanding of metapopulation theory and analysis is critical to the modern practice of wildlife conservation and management. This volume

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~'.

provides a comprehensive overview of the subject, addressing the needs of an applied professional audience for comprehensible information to integrate into their practices. Leading conservation biologists, ecologists, wildlife managers, and other experts consider the emergence and development of metapopuJation theory and explore its applicability and usefulness to real-world conservation programs. Available from: Island Press. Suite 300, 1718 Connecticut Avenue N. W., Washington, D.C 20009, USA.

Biodiversity in Brazil: A First Approach, edited by Carlos E. de M. Bicudo and Naercio A. Menezes, 1996, 326pp. Sponsored by CNPq. Proceedings of the Workshop Methods for the assessment of biodiversity in plant and animals held at Campos do Jordao, SP, Brazil, May 1996. The Worshop was one of the very first attempts to discuss the subject from a scientific point of the view and in a organized fashion. The aim of the Workshop was to show ways for improving Brazilian biodiversity studies. It should serve as a spark for future actions, among which will hopefully be a Brazilian Program for Biodiversity Inventorying. Available from: Livraria Bio-Ciencia, Rua Epitacio Pessoa, 87 - CJ. 31 Vila Buarque, Sao Paulo SP 01220-030. FAX; (011) 258-4364.

Neotropical Rainforest Mammals: A Field Guide, by Louise H. Emmons and Francois Feer, 1997, 392pp. , 29 color plates, 7 b&w plates, 9 halftones, 195 maps, 14 line drawings 6 x 9. Second edition. Chicago University Press, Chicago. Cloth ISBN: 0-226-20719-6. Price: US$80.00. Paper ISBN: 0-226-20721-8. Price: US$ 25.95. Shipping and handling US$3.50. This is the revised edition of the highly successful field guide first printed in 1990. A total of226 species are treated in full (206 were included in the first edition), all species accounts from the first edition have been updated, 195 maps showing the distribution and geographic range of each species have been revised to reflect the most current information, 29 beautiful color plates illustrate more than 220 species, and seven blackand-white plates contain more than 60 images of individual species. Forthcoming in July 1997. Available from:

University of Chicago Press, 11030 South Langley Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60628, USA.

Tropical Forest Remnants: Ecology, Management, and Conservation of Fragmented Communities, edited by William F. Laurance and Richard O. Bierregaard, Jr., 1997 504pp. , 4 color plates, 12 halftones, 33 maps, 93 line drawings, 85 tables 7 x 10. Chicago University Press, Chicago. Clothbound ISBN: 0-226-46898-4. Price: US$ 105.00. Paperback ISBN: 0-226-46899-2. Price US$ 38.00. By the year 2000, more than half of all tropical forests will have been cut, causing increased soil erosion, watershed destabilization, climate degradation, and extinction of as many as 600,000 species. Tropical Forest Remmants provides the best information available to help

us understand, manage, and conserve the remaining fragments. Covering geographic areas from Southeast Asia and Australia to Madagascar and the New World, this volume summarizes what is known about the ecology, management, restoration, socioeconomics, and conservation of fragmented forests. "The field of habitat fragmentation has a variety of intellectual roots. Obvious among them are Charles Darwin's and Alfred Russell Wallace's pioneering studies of islands and Robert MacArthur and E. O. Wilson's elegant models of island biogeography. To these roots has been grafted the intellectual tradition of wildlife biology, which has to a large extent evolved into conservation biology. In particular, wildlife biologists' interest in habitat edges has enriched a field once preoccupied exclusively by habitat area. Clearly, the time has come to assess what we have learned, and we all owe a debt of gratitude to Bill Laurance and Rob Bierregaard for organizing this volume on tropical forest fragments." - Thomas E. Lovejoy, from the foreword. With 70 Contributors. Contents: Foreword; Preface; Section I: The Scale and Economics of Tropical Deforestation; Section II: Physical Processes and Edge Effects; Section III: Tropical Forest Faunas; Section IV:

Plants and Plant-Animal Interactions; Section V:

Restoration and Management of Fragmented Landscapes; Section VI: Site Selection and Design of Tropical Nature Reserves; Section VII: Summary and New Perspectives. Available from: University of Chicago Press, 11030 South Langley Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60628, USA.

Guide for The Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, compiled by the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 1996. ISBN 0-309-05377-3. Price: US$9.95 plus US$4.00 shipping and handling. A respected resource for decades, the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals has been revised by a committee of experts, on the basis of input from scientists and the public. The Guide incorporates recent research on commonly used species, including farm animals, and includes extensive references. It treats the following subjects: Insitutional policies and responsibilities; Animal environment, husbandry, and management; Veterinary care; and Physical plant. The book provides a framework for the judgments required in the management of animal facilities. It is a resource of proven value, and has now been updated and expanded. Available from: National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Lockbox. 285, Washington, DC 20055, USA, Tel: 1-800-624-6242, Fax: 1-202-334-2451, Internet: hup:llwww.nap.edu.

Manejo e Conservadio de Vida Silvestre no Brasil, editado por Claudio Valladares-Padua, Richard E. Bodmer C Laury Cullen Jr., Ministerio de Ciencia e Tecnologia (MCT), Conselho Nacional de Desen vol vimento Cientifico e Tecnol6gico (CNPq), Sociedade Civil Mamiraua, Brasilia. Publicaciies Avulsas do Mamiraud. Esse livro


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apresenta os trabalhos do workshop com 0 mesmo tftulo, realizado em Belem em 1992, mas foi melhorado pelo acrescimo de novos artigos de autores convidados. Como resultado, oferece 0 que M de melhor sobre 0 tema no Brasil, Esta obra, rica em estudos de casos, tornou-se ainda melhor pela maneira didatica como alguns autores descreveram seus metodos de pesquisa. Os t6picos abordados incluem a exploracao sustentavel de especies cinegeticas, 0 manejo conservacionista da fauna e a educacao ambiental. Numa divisao por grupos taxonomicos, hit oito capftuios sobre mamfferos, tres sobre repteis e urn sobre peixes, alem de quatro capftulos de carater mais geral. Este volume vern preencher uma lacuna na literatura tecnico-cientffica do Brasil, e serve de referencia para pesquisadores, estudantes e planejadores. Sua leitura sera muito titil ainda para todos aqueles que se preocupam com 0 uso sustentado e a conservacao da biodiversidade. Sumario.Introducao; A floresta vazia - Kent H. Redford; Uso de levantamentos aereos para 0 manejo de populacoes silvestres - Guilherme M Mourao & William Magnusson; Uma pesquisa em educacao ambiental: A conservacao do mico-leao-preto (Leontopithecus chrysopygus) - SuzanaM. Padua; Manejo da vida silvestre em comunidades na Amazonia - Richard E. Bodmer & James W. Penn Jr.; Recomendacoes para urn modelo de pesquisa em felfdeos Neotropicais- Peter G. Crawshaw Jr.; Manejo e criacao do Caiman crocodilus yacare do Pantanal Mato-Grossense - Eliezer Jose Marques & Elias Villela Lemos Monteiro; 0 manejo do caitetu (Tayassu tajacu) e do queixada (Tayassu pecari) em cativeiro - Sergio Luis G. Nogueira-Filho & Abel Lavorenti; Estimativa da populacao de cervos-do-pantanal no rio Parana utilizando levantamento aereo - Laurenz Pinder; Analises de sustentabilidade do modelo de caca tradicional, no pantanal da Nhecolandia, Corumba, MS - Reinaldo Francisco Ferreira Lourival &. Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca; A pesca na Amazonia: Problemas e perspectivas para 0 seu manejo - Ronaldo Borges Barthem, Miguel Petrere Jr. Victoria Isaac, Mauro Cesar L. de Brito Ribeiro, David G. Mcgrath & Halo Jose Araruna Vieira, Mauricio Valderrama Barco; Tecnicas de manejo de capivaras e outros grandes roedores na Amazonia - Jose Roberto Moreira & David W. Macdonald; Manejo extensivo de jacares no Brasil - William E. Magnusson & Guilherme Mourao; Manejo e conservacao do jacare-de-papo-amarelo (Caiman latirostris) no estado de Sao Paulo - Luciano Martins Verdade; Manejo de fauna cinegetica na Reserva Indigena Xavante de Pimentel Barbosa, Mato Grosso - Frans Leeuwenberg; Metodos para estudos de ecologia, manejo e conservacao de primatas na natureza - Laury Cullen Jr. & Claudio Valladares-Padua; Queixadas e palmeiras na Ilha de Maraca - Jose Manuel Fragoso. Maiores inforrnacoes: Claudio Valladares Padua, IPE - Instituto de Pesquisas Ecologicas, SHIS QL28, Conjunto 8, Casa 11, 71652-285 Brasilia, D. E, Brasil.

The Last Frontier Forests: Ecosystems and Economies on the Edge, by Dirk Bryant, Daniel Nielsen and Laura Tangley, 1997, 42pp. Forest Frontiers Initiative, World Resources Institute (WRI), Washington, D. C. Contributing authors: Nigel Sizer, Marta Miranda, Paige Brown, Nels Johnson, Andrew Malk and Kenton Miller. Data collaborators: World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC), Cambridge, UK, and the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Washington, D. C. This report describes for the first time the location and status of the world's frontier forests - the large ecologically intact, and relatively undisturbed natural forests that still remain. It is the opening salvo of WRI's Forest Frontiers Initiative, a fiveyear, multi-disciplinary effort to promote stewardship in an around the world's last major frontier forests by influencing investment, policy and public opinion. For each forest frontier region - in Amazonia, Central Africa, Asia, North America and Russia - WRI is building a network of policy-makers, activists, investors, and researchers to promote alternatives to forest destruction that take advantage of the full economic potential of forests, not just immediate revenue from logging and forest clearing. As part if this effort WRI will help build the capacity of local organizations to carryon this work independently. Contents: Why Do Forests Matter?; What Do We Know About the World's Forests; WRI's Frontier Forests Assessment; Falling Frontiers; Today's Threats; Destruction's Roots; The Frontier Forest Index; Regional Overviews; The Closing Frontier: A Call to Action. The full text of The Last Frontier Forests is available on WRl's website at <http://www/wrLorgfwri/ffi/>. The printed version is available from: The World Resources Institute, 1709 New York Avenue, N. W., Washington, D. C. 20006, USA, Tel: 2026386300, Fax: 2026380036.

World Health Organization Travel Health Manual, World Health Organization, 1997. WHO International Travel and Health Vaccination Requirements and Health Advice, 1997 Edition. 106pp. (available in English and French). ISBN 924 1580224. Price: Sw.fr. 17.96/ US $15.30 (in developing countries: Sw.fr. 11.90); Order No. 1189700. This booklet is addressed to national health administrations and to the practising physicians, tourist agencies, shipping companies, airline operators, and other bodies who are called upon to give health advice to travellers. In addition to summarizing the vaccination requirements of individual countries, the booklet indicates the main areas where malaria transmission occurs and where Plasmodium Jalciparum is resistant to drugs. The recommended chemoprophylactic regimen is also given for each country with malarious areas. Other chapters cover certain health hazards to which the traveller may be exposed, and indicate the areas in which these hazards are most likely to occur. The booklet also recommends a number of precautions that the wise traveller should take when visiting unfamiliar places. For further information, contact: Jacqueline Rossel <rossel@who.ch>.

Page 20


Meetings

3rd International Conference on Wildlife Management in Amazonia, 3-7 December, 1997, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Co-organized by the School of Agricultural Science of the Universidad Autonoma "Gabriel Rene Moreno", the Natural History Museum "Noel Kempff Mercado", and the Tropical Conservation and Development Program of the University of Florida. This event will be a forum for practitioners, students, researchers and other professionals from all parts of Central and South America to evaluate approaches, share knowledge and exchange ideas about wildlife and fisheries, conservation and management, biodiversity, the environment, and sustainable development, along with other themes intimately linked with Amazonian wildlife. Since the problems of wildlife and fish of the Amazon basin are similar to those of most Neotropical regions, we invite all those interested in these issues to participate. Sharing experiences throughout the Americas will be beneficial to all aspects of wildlife management, conservation and sustainable development. The Conference will be a forum to review recent research and management programs and discuss how to integrate information on wildlife and fisheries population biology with the socio-economic realities of rural people to insure sustainable use. The conference will host a variety of symposiums and workshops, including several IUCN/SSC Specialist Group Meetings and a workshop to evaluate community-based wildlife management in Amazonia. The Conference builds on the success of the previous meetings on Wildlife Management in Amazonia, which were hosted in Belem, Brazil in 1992 and Iquitos, Peru in 1995. Call for Papers: Persons interested in presenting papers are requested to submit abstracts (maximum 200 words) for review and selection by 1 June 1997. Please send abstracts via e-mail to: tcd@tcd.ufl.edu. Please do not send as attachments. For more information. National participants and observers: National Conference Coordinator, Dr. Mario Suarez Riglos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrfcolas, Universidad Autonoma "Gabriel Rene Moreno", Museo de Historia Natural "Noel Kempff Mercado", Casilla 1321, Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Bolivia, Tel/Fax: (591) 336-6574. International participants and observers: International Conference Coordinator, Dr. Richard Bodmer, Tropical Conservation and Development Program, University of Florida, P.O. Box 115531, Gainesville, FL. 32611-5531, USA, Tel: (352) 373-3186, Fax: (352) 392-0085 .e-mail: tcd@tcd.ufl.edu. For updated information, please visit the conference web site at: http://www.tcd.ufl.edu.ltcd/ congres3.

VII International Congress of Ecology, New Tasks for Ecologists after Rio 92, 19-25 July 1998, Centro Affari & Palazzo Internazionale Congressi, Florence, Italy. Organized by the International Association for Ecology (INTECOL) in conjunction with the Italian Ecological Society (SitE). Themes include: Perspectives in global

ecology; Perspectives for the ecological management of natural resources; Problems and perspectives in Mediterranean ecosystems; Diversity concepts at different scales; Perspectives in ecological theory and modeling; Key issues in aquatic ecosystems; Perspectives in landscape ecology; Perspectives in sustainable land use; Key issues in microbial ecology; Patterns and interactions in populations and communities; Perspectives in environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology; Integrating ecology into economic and social development; Ecological engineering; Progresses in ecological educaion. Contact:

Almo Farina, Vice-President INTECOL, Secretariat VII International Congress of Ecology, Lunigliana Museum of Natural History, Fortezza della Brunella, 54011 Aulla, Italy, Tel: +39187400252, Fax: +39187420727, e-mail: afarina@tamnet.it, web site: http://www.tamnet.it/ inteco1.98.

Euro-Amerlcan Mammal Congress, 20-24 July, 1998, University of Santiago de Compos tela, Galicia, Spain. Organized under the auspices of the American Society of Mammalogists (ASM), Societas Europea Mammalogica (SEM) and the Sociedad Espanola para la Conservacion y cl Estudio de los Mamiferos (SECEM). Also participating:

University of Santiago de Compostela (USC) through its Colleges of Sciences and Pharmacy as well as the Consejeria de Agricultura, Ganaderia, y Montes of the local government (Xunta de Galicia) through the intermediacy of its Direccion General de Montes y Medio Ambiente Natural. The meeting will emphasize the cutting edge and little known aspects of scientific knowledge of mammalian species, and communities and ecosystems of the Holarctic. However, contributions of interest relating to mammals from other regions will also be welcomed. Contributions will be grouped in sessions that will cover general subjects, symposia or workshops. General matters currently projected: Behavioral Ecology, Biogeography, Community Ecology, Conservation, Development, Molecular Systematics, Morphology and Morphometries, Natural History, Paleontology, Parasites and Diseases, Physiology, Population Dynamics. Population Genetics, Systematics and Evolution, and Wildlife Management. Those interested in organizing a symposium should contact a member of the Steering Committee. Deadlines for proposals II March 1997. The organizers request that electronic mail be used for contact whenever possible. For more information, all queries and requests: gaiemys@pinari.csic.es. Circulars will also be sent by electronic mail, and distributed through a variety of distribution lists and list servers. Postal address: EuroAmerican Mammal Congress, Laboratorio de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Cornpostela, Spain, Fax: (34) 81 593316.


Page 2/

Contributions

We would be most grateful if you could send us information on projects, research groups, events (congresses, symposia, and workshops), recent publications, news items or opinions of recent events and suchlike in diskettes for PC compatible text-editors (MS- Word, Wordperfect). Articles, not exceeding six pages, can include small black-and-white photographs, figures, maps, tables and references, but please keep them to a minimum.

Please send contributions to the editors:

Monica Tavares da Fonseca m.fonseca@conservation.org.br

Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca g.fonseca@conservation.org.br

Anthony B. Rylands a.rylands@conservation.org.br

CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL DO BRASIL Avenida Antonio Abrahao Caram 820/302 31275-000 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

Tel./Fax: +55 (031) 441-1795

EDENTATA is produced in collaboration with CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL, 2501 m Street, NW, Suite 200, Washington DC 20037, USA, and FUNDAI;AO BIODIVERSITAS, Av. do Con torno, 9155/11°. andar - Prado, Belo Horizonte 30 II 0-130, Minas Gerais, BraziL

Design and Composition: Alexandre Seiji Dinnouti - a.dinnouti@conservation.org.br - CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL DO BRASIL.

Please fill out the 1997 Directory form on next page and send it to the Chairman. Use the codes bellow for items 7-9.

E. C6digos de Especies I Species codes:

Dasypus septemcinctus E-21

Euphractus sexcinctus E-22

Myrmecophaga tridactyla E-23

Priodontes maximus E-24

Tamandua mexicana E-25

Tamandua tetradactyla E-26

Tolypeutes matacus E-27

Tolypeutes tricinctus E-28

Zaedyus pichiy E-29

Chlamyphorus retusus E-II

Chlamyphorus truncatus E-12

Choloepus didactylus E-13

Choloepus hoffmanni E-14

Cyclopes didactylus E-15

Dasypus kybridus E-16

Dasypus kappleri E-17

Dasypus novemcinctus E-18

Dasypus pilosus E-19

Dasypus sabanicola E-20

Bradypus torquatus E-l

Bradypus tridactylus E-2

Bradypus variegatus E·3

Cabassous centralis E-4

Cabassous chacoensis E-5

Cabassous tatouay E-6

Cabassous unicinctus E- 7

Chaetophractus nationi E-8

Chaetophractus vellerosus E-9

Chaetophractus villosus E-IO

P. C6digos de Paises ylo Regiones I Codes of Countries and/or Regions:

j

~

Peru P-19

Surinam P-20

Trinidad y Tobago P-21

Uruguay P-22

Venezuela P-23

America Central P-24

America del Norte P-25

Estados Unidos P-IO

Guatemala P-Il

Guyana P-12

Guyana Francesa P-13

Honduras P-14

Mexico P-15

Nicaragua P-16

Panama P-17

Paraguay P-18

Argentina P-l

Belize P-2

Bolivia P-3

Brasil P-4

Chile P-5

Colombia ; P-6

Costa Rica P- 7

Ecuador P-8

EI Salvador P·9


Page 22

I. C6digos de Areas de Interes / Codes of Areas of Interest:

AnatomfaJAnatomy 1-1

BiogeografialBiogeography 1-2

Biologfa de la Conservacion/

Conservation Biology 1-3

Comercializacion/Trade 1-4

Comportamiento/

Behavioral Biol, 1-5

Crfa en Cautiveriol

Captive Breeding 1-6

Disefio de Areas Protegidas/

Design of Protected Areas 1-7

EcologfalEcology 1-8

Etnobio!ogfaJEthnobiology 1-9

Evolucion/Evolution 1-10

Fisiologfa/Physiology I-II

Genetica/Genetics 1-12

Gestion de Recursos/

Resource Management 1-13

Impacto Arnbiental/

Environmental Impact 1-14

Manejo Sustentable/

Sustainable Management 1-15

Neurologia/Neurology 1-16

Paleobiologfa/Paleobiology 1-17

ParasitologfalParasitology 1-18

Reproducci6nl

Reproductive B iol, 1-19

Sistematica/Systematics 1-20

Veterinaria/Veterinary 1-21

Directorio 1997

Grupo de Especialistas de Edentados

UICN - Union Intemacional para la Naturaleza

1997 Directory

Edentata Specialist Group

IUCN - The World Conservation Union

1. Nombre / Name:

2. Instituci6n / Affiliation:

3. Domicilio Postal/Mailing Address: calle/street:

ciudad/city:

pais / country:

4. Telefono I Phone:

5. Correo Electr6nico / E-mail:

provincia / state:

c6digo postal/zip code:

Fax:

6. Titulo del Proyecto Principal/Title of Major Project:

•

•

7. Especies / Species (ver c6digos "E" / see "E" codes)

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

8. Pafses y/o Regiones / Countries and/or regions (ver c6digos "P" / see "P" codes)

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

9. Areas de Interes / Areas of Interest (ver codigos "1"/ see "I" codes)

•

•

•

•

•

•

10. Otros integrantes del Proyecto / Additional Project Members:

Edentata 3( J), November 1997

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~'.

EDENTATA

Gustavo Fonseca/Monica T. Fonseca/Anthony Rylands, Editors CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL 00 BRASIL

A venida Antonio Abrahao Caram 820/302 31275-000, Bela Horizonte IUCN/SSC Minas Gerais, Brazil

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