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The
second
major
approach in texture analysis is the
statistical method. Its aim is to
characterize
the
stochastic
properties of the spatial distribution
of grey levels in an image.
The purpose of this paper
is to present a new statistical
method of texture analysis which is
focused on texture characterization
and discrimination. The concept of
texture unit is proposed first. It
may be considered as the smallest
complete
unit
which
best
characterizes the local texture
aspect of a given pixel and its
neighborhood in all eight directions
of a square raster. Then a texture
image is characterized by its
texture spectrum, which describes
the distribution of all the texture
units within the image.
2 Texture Unit and Texture
Spectrum
for i = 1,2, , 8.
From the above formula, each
element can be assigned one of
three possible values so the total
number of possible texture units
for the eight elements can be
estimated as
38 = 6561.
Texture unit number is defined
according
to
the
following
equation:
8
NTU = Ei*3(i-1)
i=1
0
2
a
h
g
b
f
c
d
e
TU= {2,0,0,0,2,0,2,2}
The corresponding NTU will
be,
n
n
n
G = 2 ([ filogfi]-[ ( fi)log( fi)]
s,m i=1
s,m i=1
i=1
n
-[ (fi)log( fi)]
I=1s,m
n
n
+[( fi)log( fi)])
s,m i=1
s,m i=1
NTU=2+162+1458+4374=599
6
2.2 Texture Spectrum
The set of 6561 texture units
corresponds to the relative gray
level relationships between a pixel
and its neighbors in all possible
directions; that is the local texture
aspect of a given pixel in
accordance with its neighbors. The
basic idea of the texture spectrum
approach is to transform an image
using the texture units and to
characterize the global texture of
an image by its texture spectrum.
The texture spectrum can then be
defined
as
the
occurrence
frequency function of all the texture
units.
3.2 Algorithm
S.N Window
Size
25*25
20*20
15*15
10*10
Classification
Accuracy
95%
93%
92%
86%
Window Classification
Size
Accuracy
25*25
95%
20*20
15*15
10*10
95%
96%
99%
Classification Accuracy
for Texture Spectrum
method
(two-texture image)
The
Texture
Spectrum
combined with Kullback-Leibler
distance has been evaluated
from the point of view of
discriminating
performance.
The discrimination method was
simple, and the number of
mathematical
operations
applied was small, while
promising results have been
obtained with the average
classification rate of more than
92%, including the influence of
the boundaries of different
textures.
Further evaluation shows that
Texture Spectrum combined
with Kullback-Leibler distance
is sensitive to the directional
aspect of texture. The larger
window size results in better
classification accuracy in the
four-texture image but reverse
in the two-texture image. When
the Window-size is larger, the
execution time will also be high
but this is suitable for both fourtexture and two-texture image.
References