Elimination of Arbitrary

Constants

equation (1)

Problem 01
Divide by dx

Solution 01
Substitute c to equation (1)

Divide by 3x

Multiply by dx

answer

Problem 02

answer

Another Solution

Solution 02

answer
okay
Problem 03
Problem 04
Solution 03

Solution 04
equation (1)
Multiply by y3

Substitute c to equation (1)

okay

Separation of Variables | Equations of Order

One
Problem 01
, when

Solution 01
answer

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Another Solution

Divide by y2

when

Problem 03
, when
then,
Solution 03
answer
Problem 02
, when

Solution 2

when

when

,
then,

then,

answer

answer
Problem 04
, when

answer

.
Problem 05

, when

Solution 04

Solution 05
From Solution 04,

when x = -2, y = 1

Thus,

Therefore,

answer

when x = 2, y = 1

Problem 06
, when

Thus,
Solution 06

From Solution 04,

when x = 0, y = 0
when x = 2, y = -1

thus,
Thus,

answer
Problem 07
, when

Solution 07

answer

Problem 08
, when
,

Solution 08

answer

Problem 09
, when

For
Let

,
,

Solution 09

Then,

when x , y

Thus,
when = 0, r = a

answer

Problem 11

Thus,

Solution 11

answer

Problem 10
, when

Solution 10

answer
Problem 12
when x = xo, v = vo
Solution 12

thus,

answer
Problem 15
answer

Solution 15

Problem 13

Solution 13

answer
Problem 16

Solution 16

answer

Problem 14

Solution 14

answer
Problem 17

answer
Problem 19

Solution 17
Solution 19

answer
Problem 18

Solution 18

answer
Problem 20

Solution 20

ans
wer
Problem 22

Solution 22

answer
Problem 21

By long division
Solution 21

Thus,

By long division

Thus,

answer

Problem 23

Solution 23

answer
Homogeneous Functions | Equations of Order
One
Problem 01

From

Solution 01
Thus,
Let

answer
Substitute,

Problem 02

Divide by x2,
Solution 02

Let

answer

Problem 03
Substitute,
Solution 03

Let

From

From

Thus,

answer

From

Problem 04
Thus,
Solution 04
answer

Let

Exact Equations | Equations of Order One

Problem 01

Solution 01

Test for exactness

Step 5: Integrate partially the result in Step 4

with respect to y, holding x as constant

; thus, exact!

Step 1: Let

Step 6: Substitute f(y) to Equation (1)

Equate F to c

answer
Step 2: Integrate partially with respect to x,
holding y as constant

Problem 02
Solution 02

Equation (1)

Step 3: Differentiate Equation (1) partially with

respect to y, holding x as constant
Test for exactness

Step 4: Equate the result of Step 3 to N and

collect similar terms. Let

Exact!

Let

Solution 03

Integrate partially in x, holding y as constant

Equation (1)

Test for exactness

Differentiate partially in y, holding x as constant

Exact!
Let
Let

Integrate partially in y, holding x as constant

Integrate partially in x, holding y as constant

Equation (1)

Substitute f(y) to Equation (1)

Differentiate partially in y, holding x as constant

Equate F to c

answer
Problem 03

Let

Integrate partially in y, holding x as constant

Integrate partially in x, holding y as constant

Equation

Substitute f(y) to Equation (1)

(1)

Differentiate partially in y, holding x as constant

Equate F to c

answer
Problem 04

Let

Solution 04

Integrate partially in y, holding x as constant

Test for exactness

Substitute f(y) to Equation (1)

Exact!

Equate F to c

answer

Let

Linear Equations of Order One

Problem 01

Solution 01
Multiply by 2x3
answer
Problem 02

Solution 02

linear in y

Hence,

Integrating factor:

linear in
y
Thus,

Hence,

Integrating factor:

Integrating factor:

Thus,
Thus,

Using integration by parts

,
,

Mulitply by (x + 2)-4
answer

Multiply by 4e-2x
answer

Problem 03
Problem 04
Solution 03
Solution 04

linear in y

Hence,

 linear in x

Multiply 20(y + 1)-4

Hence,

answer
Integrating Factors Found by Inspection
Problem 01

Integrating factor:

Solution 01

Divide by y2

Thus,

Using integration by parts

,

Multiply by y

answer

,
Problem 02

Divide by x both sides

Solution 02

Divide by y3
answer
Problem 04

Solution 04

answer
Problem 03

Solution 03

- See more at:

Problem 06

Solution 06
Multiply by s2t2
answer
Problem 05

Problem 05

answer
Problem 07

Solution 07 - Another Solution for Problem 06

Divide by xy(y2 + 1)

answer

Resolve into partial fraction

Problem 11

Solution 11

Set y = 0, A = -1
Equate coefficients of y2
1=A+B
1 = -1 + B
B=2
Equate coefficients of y
0=0+C
C=0

Hence,
answer
The Determination of Integrating Factor
Problem 01

Thus,
Solution 01

answer - okay

answer

a function of
x alone

Problem 02

Solution 02
Integrating factor

Thus,


a function of x alone

Integrating factor

Thus,

neither a function of x alone nor y alone

a function of y alone

answer
Problem 03

Integrating factor

Solution 03
Thus,


neither a function of x alone nor y alone

a function y alone

answer
Problem 04
Integrating factor
Solution 04

Thus,

answer
Substitution Suggested by the Equation |
Bernoulli's Equation
Problem 01

Solution 01

Let

ans
Problem 02
Thus,

Solution 02

Let
vari
ables separable

Divide by (5z + 11)

Hence,
homogeneo
us equation

Let

Divide by vx3(3 + v)

From

Consider

Set v = 0, A = 2/3
Set v = -3, B = -2/3

But

Thus,

answer
Problem 03

Solution 03

answer
Problem 04

Let

Solution 04

Bernoulli's
equation

From which

Integrating factor,

Thus,

But

answer
Problem 05

answer

Solution 05

Elementary Applications
Newton's Law of Cooling

Let

Problem 01
A thermometer which has been at the reading
of 70F inside a house is placed outside where
the air temperature is 10F. Three minutes later
it is found that the thermometer reading is
25F. Find the thermometer reading after 6
minutes.

Solution 01

According to Newtons Law of cooling, the

time rate of change of temperature is
proportional to the temperature difference.

When t = 0, T = 70F

Thus,

Hence,
When x = 0.5xo

When t = 3 min, T = 25F

answer

Thus,

After 6 minutes, t = 6
answer

Problem 02
A certain radioactive substance has a half-life of
38 hour. Find how long it takes for 90% of the
radioactivity to be dissipated.

Solution 02

Simple Chemical Conversion

When t = 38 hr, x = 0.5xo
Problem 01
Radium decomposes at a rate proportional to
the quantity of radium present. Suppose it is
found that in 25 years approximately 1.1% of
certain quantity of radium has decomposed.
Determine how long (in years) it will take for
one-half of the original amount of radium to
decompose.
Solution 01

Hence,

When 90% are dissipated, x = 0.1xo

answer
When t = 25 yrs., x = (100% - 1.1%)xo = 0.989xo