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Water is a crucial natural resource which is essential for economic development of J&K
The gifting of river waters has generated grievances among the people.
In 2011, the J&K government hired an international consultant to assess the states cumulative economic
losses. The figures are in hundreds of millions of dollars annually.
The J&K legislation is encountering persistent demand from the population for revision or abrogation of Indus
treaty since a resolution for treaty review was passed in 2003
The central government has tried to handle the situation amidst backlash from underdevelopment and also
Pakistan abetted insurrection through modestly sized run of the river hydropower projects to address the
chronic electricity shortages
Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity (ROR) is a type of hydroelectric generation plant whereby little or no water
storage is provided.
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ECONOMICS
TOPIC:
General Studies 2
Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections.
Issues relating to poverty and hunger.
General Studies 3
Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and
employment.
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Remittance had the highest share in incomes of Schedule Caste/Schedule Tribe (SC/ST) and Muslim
households.
This is because there is at least one migrant in these households.
In class terms, agricultural labourer households reported the highest increase in share of households with at
least one migrant.
Remittances play an essential role in ensuring food for many rural poor households and thus constitute an efficient
strategy for facing adversities such as low agricultural productivity and the inherent risks and instability of farming
activities. Moreover, remittances may serve as insurance to improve or counter crisis situations, thus limiting
negative effects on food security.
Evidence shows that the impact of remittances on agriculture is mixed and highly contextual. In some cases,
migration and remittances foster household farm investment and agricultural production, while in others, the
opposite occurs.
No quality living conditions:
More people are now migrating for urban informal jobs.
Migrant households have to suffer a significant deterioration in quality of their lives when they migrate.
Often one associates the cost of migration to be associated with lack of proper dwelling for the worker and
his/her family. This need not be true for all migrant workers.
In fact, a comparison of average housing amenities in rural India and urban slums shows that the latter might
be better off than the former.
Houses in slum areas are often poorly located and congested which leads to several diseases.
Migrants often do not have access to proper health facilities which leads them to lose their jobs or end up
with life-threatening illnesses.
Any downturn in labour demand could immensely increase hardships.
Therefore, in terms of cash-in-hand, migrants certainly have better situations, but they are faced with new
challenges in terms of shelter, water, etc.
Conclusion:
The story of migration has its own tales of sorrow as several children turn into rag pickers and families have to live in
inhuman conditions in urban areas. Many dont get employment throughout the year and commute between urban
and rural areas.
However, for the landless and marginal farmers who are in constant debt, migration is the only choice for livelihood.
Migration comes as a boon for several people who get getter fresh opportunities and send remittances home.
Some analysts advocate internal mobility as a necessity for lifting people out of poverty. Remittances play an
essential role in ensuring food for many rural poor households and thus constitute an efficient strategy for facing
adversities such as low agricultural productivity and the inherent risks and instability of farming activities. Moreover,
remittances may serve as insurance to improve or counter crisis situations, thus limiting negative effects on food
security.
While migration is definitely helping people seek new opportunities, it cannot be a substitute for a generating quality
employment in more stable sectors.
Connecting the dots:
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1. Critically analyze whether migration is recommended for growth or not. List some of the push and pull factors
that are responsible for triggering rural to urban migration.
2. Can public works offering relatively predictable employment opportunities be effective in slowing rural-urban
migration. Critically examine.
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