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CONSTRUCTION
OVERVIEW OF 3 PHASE IM
OVERVIEW OF 3 PHASE IM
APPLICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION (ROTOR)
CONSTRUCTION (STATOR)
The stator - stationary part of the motor.
motor.
Stator laminations are stacked together forming a hollow
cylinder.
cylinder
Coils of insulated wire are inserted into slots of the stator
core.
Each grouping of coils,
coils together with the steel core it
surrounds, form an electromagnet.
CONSTRUCTION (ROTOR)
/rotor winding
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CONSTRUCTION (ROTOR)
CONSTRUCTION (ENCLOSURE)
CONSTRUCTION (ENCLOSURE)
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11
Stator
Rotor
Air gap
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OUTPUT EQUATION:
The output kVA, Q = C o D2L ns x 10-3 and
The output coefficient, C o = 11 Bav ac Kw x 10-3
Q is calculated as ,( hp x 0.746 )/( cos)
No of phases=m
Q = m 4.44 f Tph K w I ph 103
pn
Sub. f = s
2
pn
Q = m 4.44 s Tph K w I ph 103 (1)
2
16
I z = I ph
P = DLBav
I z Z = Dac
therefore
Q = 1.11K w ( DLBav )( Dac )ns 103
Q = (11Bav ac K w 103 ) D 2 Lns
Q = C0 D 2 Lns output.equation.of .IM
C0 = 11Bav ac K w 103 output.coefficient
CHOICE OF Bav:
i) Low Bav large size machine for a given hp
ii) high Bav large magnetizing current low power factor
iii) high Bav high iron loss
iv) high Bav high m less Tph low leakage reactance
larger diameter for the circle diagram larger over
load capacity
TYPES:
Choice of specific electric loading
Choice of specific magnetic loading
CHOICE OF SPECIFIC MAGNETIC LOADING:
The factors to be considered are:
Power factor.
Iron loss.
Overload capacity.
CHOICE OF SPECIFIC ELECTRIC LOADING:
Copper loss and temperature rise.
Voltage.
Over load capacity.
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Main Dimensions
Peripheral speed
ratio = L /
Minimum Cost
1.5 2
Good power factor 1- 1.25
Good efficiency
1.5
Good overall design 1
Ventilating ducts
= 0.18L
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23
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lg = 0.2 + 2 DLmm
lg = 0.2+ Dmm
excessive.
lg = 1.6 D 0.25mm
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Difference between the stator and rotor slots never equal to 1,2 ,
+(p+1), +(p+2) to avoid noise and vibrations
6 I sTs
K ws Cos
Sr
I b = 0.85
6 I sTs
Sr
31
I e (max) =
30
32
33
Chording
Integral slot winding
Skewing
Increasing air-gap length
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Ib =
EFFECTS OF HARMONICS
It involves:
vSelection of no.of rotor slots.
vDesign of rotor bars and slots.
rotor bar current
area of rotor bars
shape and size of rotor slots
rotor slot insulation
vDesign of end rings.
end ring current
area of end rings
vFull load slip.
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Ie(max) =
Baseperpole
Currentperbar
2
Sr
I b (max)
2p
2Sr Ib
p
ae =
2
I b (avg ) = I b (max)
I b (max) = 2 I b
Ie =
Ie
mm2
e
34
Sr I b
p
35
36
Rotor windings
Small motors- mush windings employed
Large motor double layer bar type wave winding is used
Motor output more than 750kw, we have to use more number of bars
per slot to reduce the current handled by slip rings. This type of
windings called barrel winding and wave wound
Ir =
0.85I sTs
Tr
Rotor teeth
Ir
Minimumteeth =
m
1.7
39
Brushes
m
Sr
Li
p
i)
stator copper loss
ii) rotor copper loss
iii) iron loss in the stator teeth and core
iv) friction and windage loss (1- 1.5 % of output)
The rotor resistance in stator terms can be obtained as
rotor copper loss/ I2 ; where I2 = 0.85 I1
1.7
Sr
m
2 Bcr Li
Di = Dr 2(d sr + d cr )
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Sr
Li wtr
p
Wtr (min) =
d cr =
Slip rings
Rotor Core
Depth of rotor core
ar =
37
Wsr
41
40
It is classified in to
Slot leakage reactance (xss)
Rotor Slot leakage reactance (xsr)
Zigzag leakage reactance(xz)
Overhang leakage reactance(xe)
Skew leakage reactance(xsk)
Magnetizing reactance(xm)
Total leakage reactance
xss = 16 f (Tm K wm ) 2
L
ss Cx
S
xz = 16 f (Tm K wm )2
xs = 16 f (Tm K wm ) 2
L
z
Sz
L
sr
Sr
xe = 16 f (Tm K wm ) 2
totalslotleakagereactacne
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L 0
[ ( D + d ss ) Avg .coilspan]
6.4 S s p
S
L
(Cx ss + s sr )
Ss
Sr
xsk = X m
44
s2
Kl
12
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OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
Magnetizing reactance(xm)
xm = 16 f (Tm K wm ) 2
Magnetizing current
Magnetizing current
Loss component of current Ii
NO LOAD CURRENT
No load Current
L0
10lg k g pFs
X lm
2
48
MAGNETIZING CURRENT
Mmf for rotor teeth
Bg 60 = 1.36 Bav
Btr 13 =
Bts 13 =
m
(S r / p ) Li W
Im =
tr 13
Iron loss
m
( S s / p) Li W 13 )
lcs =
ts
Iron loss
Friction and windage loss
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MAGNETIZING CURRENT
Mmf for Air gap
Stator resistance
Rotor resistance
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lcr =
0.427 pAT60
K wsTs
( D 2d ss dcs )
3p
( Dr 2d sr d cs )
3p
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CIRCLE DIAGRAM
Stator resistance
K T
rr ' = ws s rr
K wrTr
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