Introduction

Poor lifestyle choices, such as smoking, overuse of alcohol, poor diet, lack of physical activity
and inadequate relief of chronic stress are key contributors in the development and
progression of preventable chronic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus,
hypertension, cardiovascular disease and several types of cancer. Even though doctors
encourage healthful behaviors to help prevent or manage many chronic medical conditions,
many patients are inadequately prepared to either start or maintain these appropriate, healthy
changes. Most patients understand the reasoning behind a healthy lifestyle even if they dont
understand the disease processes that can occur when they dont maintain healthy habits.
Despite an understanding of what constitutes a healthy lifestyle, many patients lack the
behavioral skills they need to apply everyday to sustain these good habits.
Nevertheless, healthy lifestyle modifications are possible with appropriate interventions,
which include nutritional counseling, exercise training, and stress management techniques to
improve outcomes for patients at risk and those who already have common chronic diseases.
Medical studies show that adults with common chronic conditions who participate in
comprehensive lifestyle modification programs experience rapid, significant, clinically
meaningful and sustainable improvements in biometric, laboratory and psychosocial
outcomes.
Objective

To inform the development of effective strategies for promoting healthy behaviour and
tackling lifestyles that lead to disease.
WORK PLAN :

Developing national multi-sectoral strategies

Establishing grants/funding mechanisms to support implementation at national level

Establishing coordination and/or focal points to help drive implementation

Assessing legislative and policy frameworks to maximise opportunities for prevention

and control

Providing advocacy on issues

Improving the availability and application of national data (for baseline analysis, and
evidence-based planning and interventions)

Supporting healthy lifestyle and clinical interventions

Assisting workforce planning and capacity assessment

Training staff/placements

Implementing communication/social marketing programmes

Setting up sustainable funding mechanisms (e.g. Health Promotion Foundations)

For this sick lifestyle with increasing facilities, the racing life of todays times is also
responsible. We are ready to do anything for the sake of earning excess of money,
accumulating excess of comforts and conveniences and acquiring success quickly. After all
how much of pressure, strain and tension can our body tolerate? Besides, keeping awake till
the late hours in night, sleeping till the late hours in the morning, watching TV for long, the
BPO culture- all these habits are taking tolls on the state of our health. This results into the
body system being torn asunder turning the normal functioning haywire. Slowly but surely the
blood pressure, heart diseases, diabetic, hyper tension begin to set in the body turning it sick.

Increasing diseases with the ever increasing life style

In the whirls of living life king size, eating junk foods, no time to rest and lack of exercises
have exerted adverse influences on our state of health. Our body is becoming den of
numerous diseases. Lets know about these life style diseases and the preventions against
them as such.

Heart diseases
India ranks first in the heart diseases through the world over as per one WHO report which
has envisaged also that by 2015, India would have the greatest death rate due to heart attacks.
It is estimated that about 7.5 crores of people in India are suffering from heart diseases.
Symptoms:
: An increased heart beat rate, restlessness, nervousness and fatigue.
Pain in arm, waist, neck, and jaws.
Difficulties taking breath, spinning head, and vomiting
Pain and swelling in legs and foot souls.
Causes:
Excessive of smoking and wine consumption.
The danger of coming in of heart disease to a person is higher if there have been an
earlier heart diseases conditions in the family.
Tension, wrong dietary style and obesity.
Excess of anger, excitement, jealousy and rivalry trigger heart diseases exerting
adverse influence on brain.
What to do: Stop immediately whatever it is you are working on at the moment.
Sit or lie down.
Dont move on your own or go to the hospital driving the car all by yourself. Take
somebody along.
Prevention:
Eat well digesting and light meals.
Do have control over your weight.
Do exercises daily.
Check up once in a year at least for blood sugar and cholesterol.
Diet
Take green vegetables and vegetable soup
Garlic is hugely useful in heart condition. Sucking its juice by chewing its 2-3 buds
daily bring great succour and relief in heart patients.

Taking pomegranate juice morning evening daily slows down the increased rate of
heart beats.
Take in a measured quantities food stuffs containing fats like ghee, oil, butter and
mutton.
Never eat Chinese, fast food, or drink excess of tea, coffee and wine.

High blood pressure

Symptoms:
High blood pressure is such a disease which people generally do not take seriously. There are
no symptoms of high blood pressure. But sometimes people feel its symptoms such as
headache, nervousness, head spinning, fatigue etc.
Causes:
Its chief reason is mental tension and todays fast paced life style. The people whose minds
are always overloaded and preoccupied with mental tension and worries are prone to inhibit
high blood pressure.
Besides these, smoking, consumption of intoxicating elements, tea, coffee, cold drinks
consuming fatty-oily foods eating too much of spicy foods, excess of salt use also
form the ideal ground to breed hypertension in people.
Hardening of arteries and obesity also leads to high blood pressure.
Prevention:
Use the least quantity of salt in meals.
Control your weight.
Check your blood pressure regularly.
Dont use tobacco, cigarettes, bidi, gutakha.
Dont make the body a storehouse of laziness. Include exercise regimen daily.
Kidney stones leads to high blood pressure also.
Stay away from tension, depression and anger.
Include green vegetables in your meals.
Make the least possible uses of ghee, oil in meals.

Depression

The interests slides down in things in which you were earlier fully interested with your
full passion.
Feeling nervousness.
Too much of sleeping or sleeplessness.
Feeling of fatigue and lack of energy.
Increasedecrease in body weight
Feel of less hunger.
Difficulty in concentration and focussing.
Weeping in matter of minutes on anything and suicidal tendency.
Depressed, frustrated, worthless and hapless feelings.
Causes:
Excessive feeling of sorrows and woes, feeling lonely and forlorn, frustration, not able to
move on as per the daily routine/chores etc give births to depression/sedimentation.
Prevention:
Be busy, be cheerful:
Do such works you have interests in as for instance, read novels-books of your choice,

listen to music of your choosing, indulge in any sports activities indoors/outdoors, take
walks outside, start writing something on some topic which you think is important and
know about or try painting/sketching.
Keep away from darkness:
Never be in the dark if you are depressed. Rather go to a place where, there is
sufficient lighting.
Take a balanced diet:
It is of utmost importance to take a balanced diet to keep body healthy and fit.
Increase friend circle: Try to keep away from loneliness. Meet people and live life
joufully.
Helps from counsellors: Take the helps from an expert counsellor.

Diabetes
Symptoms:
Repeated urination and feel of thirstyness.
Excess feels of hunger.
Wight loss.
Wounds taking longer to heal up.
Scabies and scratchiness on skin, feet getting numb, or jangling/clinking in legs.
Causes:
Lack of exercises and obesity.
Unhealthy diet, junk food, fatty food, wine, cigarettes etc.
Lack of proper nutrition, especially lack of proteins and fibres.
Stress over any score is a bigger cause whether it is due to some big disease or due to
any other reason.
The blood pressur is the chief reason of diabetic.
Generally during the course of pregnancy, temporary diabetic can come up which
should be checked up after the delivery.
Shortage of insulin in body.
Prevention:
Keep weight under control by doing daily doses of exercises.
Keep away from tension and stress.
Do not smoke bidi or cigarettes.
Take healthy diet. Consume maximum of fruits and green vegetables.
Restrain yourself from sweets.

Arthritic
Modern life has twisted the timings of everything to the extents that there is no fixed timings
of eating, sleeping, rising, turning day night all the same and one. This has given rise to the
incidence of arthritic in a very fast pace. In this, swelling develops on the joints. Due to this
swelling, there are pains and seizures in the joints. When the disease augments, it becomes
difficult to move or walk. It could be fully cured if it is treated in its initial stages. It could be
self managed by bringing up some changes in the life styles. When it gets serious, taking
medicines becomes imperative. But when medicines also become of no avail, surgery has to
be resorted to. Joint replacement is the last recourse.

Methodology study
Establish that a problem exists

Full epidemiological studies are expensive and laborious undertakings.

Before any study is started, a case must be made for the importance of the
research.

Confirm the homogeneity of the events

Any conclusions drawn from inhomogeneous cases will be suspicious. All

events or occurrences of the disease must be true cases of the disease.

Collect all the events

It is important to collect as much information as possible about each event

in order to inspect a large number of possible risk factors. The events may
be collected from varied methods of epidemiological study or from
censuses or hospital records.

The events can be characterized by Incidence rates and prevalence rates.

Often, occurrence of a single disease entity is set as an event.

Given inherent heterogeneous nature of any given disease (i.e., the unique
disease principle [2]), a single disease entity may be treated as disease
subtypes.[3][4] This framework is well conceptualized in the interdisciplinary
field of molecular pathological epidemiology

Conclusion:
According to the British Medical Journal The Lancet, the number of high blood pressure
among Indians has increased by 8.7 crores from 1980 to 2008 alone, i.e. about 13 crores of
Indians had blood pressure in 2008. This was 14 % of the total world patients. High blood
pressure is on the decline in the world but is on the rise in India. Unhealthy life style is the
reason of this.
Those who have mental tension should use onion. The chemical present in onion removes
tension. Rice, fish, beans and cereals contain vitamin B which assists in warding off
depression and mental disorders. Green leaf vegetables, wheat, soybeans, peanuts, mangoes,
and banana keep tension away.
It has been found in studies that the effects of junk food eating mothers pass on to their
daughters due to which the chances of breast cancer becomes high on.
Questionnaire:

How old are you?

20 - 39 years old

40 - 59 years old

60 - 80 years old

02

Are you male or female?

Female

Male

03

How would you describe you body and physical condition?

Lean

Average

Overweight

Obese

04

How many members of your family have a history of heart disease?

No known family history of heart disease

1 family member 60 years or older with heart disease

2 family members 60 years or older with heart disease

1 family member younger than 60 years with heart disease

2 family members younger than 60 years with heart disease

3 or more family members younger than 60 years with heart disease

05

How often do you eat-out, consume junk food and fast-food?

Everyday (all meals)

Everyday (1 meal)

Alternate days

Twice a week

Once a week

Once a month

06

In general, which type of foods do you mostly like to eat?

Bland and boiled

Salty

Oily and fatty

Sweet

07

Do you a smoke cigarettes or have you used tobacco related products in

the past?

Non-smoker & non-tobacco user

Ex-tobacco smoker (6 months or more tobacco-free)

Smoke 1-10 cigarettes a day

Smoke 11-19 cigarettes a day and/or chew tobacco infrequently

Smoke 20-29 cigarettes a day and/or chew tobacco infrequently

Smoke 30-39 cigarettes a day and/or chew tobacco frequently

Smoke 40 or more cigarettes a day and/or chew tobacco frequently

08

Are you physically active and exercise regularly or do you have no

exercise or irregular physical activity?
o

Sedentary without regular exercise

Sedentary with regular exercise

Active without regular exercise

Active with regular exercise

09

Have you had you blood cholesterol checked recently?

below 180 mg

181mg - 230mg

231 - 280mg

above 281mg

not checked

10

Have you had you blood pressure checked recently?

Systolic Blood Pressure in mm/Hg

below 120 untreated

120-140 untreated

142-160 untreated

above 160 untreated

120-140 treated

142-160 treated

above 160 treated

not checked

Survey: (one more) Data Collection:

During 1997-2001 a population survey was carried out amongst Greenland Inuit
living in Denmark and West Greenland (Nuuk, Sisimiut, Qasigiannguit and four
villages in Uummannaq municipality). Data collection comprised an interview, a
questionnaire, clinical examinations and sampling of biological specimens (blood,
urine, subcutaneous fat tissue). The clinical examinations included
anthropometric measurements, an oral glucose tolerance test, ECG, ultrasound of
thyroid gland and carotid arteries, a skin prick test, and lung function. The data
collection areas in Greenland ranged from the westernized capital of Nuuk (pop.
app. 13,000) to small fishing and hunting villages (pop. app. 250). A total of
4,162 persons aged 18+ participated in the study; clinical examinations were
performed on 2,056 of these, 739 from Denmark and 1317 from Greenland. Some
of the above mentioned procedures were performed on a subset of the
participants. The participation rate was 62%. We provide an overview of the
background of the study and a detailed description of the methods employed for
the data collection. A set of standard tables are provided for the indigenous
population of Greenland. These cover statistics for selected variables by gender
and ten-year age groups.
Analysis of Data:
Both environmental and genetic factors have roles in the development of some
diseases. Complex diseases, such as Crohn's disease or Type II diabetes, are
caused by a combination of environmental factors and mutations in multiple
genes. Patients who have been diagnosed with such diseases cannot easily be
treated. However, many diseases can be avoided if people at high risk change
their living style, one example being their diet. But how can we tell their
susceptibility to diseases before symptoms are found and help them make
informed decisions about their health? With the development of DNA microarray
technique, it is possible to access the human genetic information related to
specific diseases. This paper uses a combinatorial method to analyze the genetic
data for Crohn's disease and search disease-associated factors for given
case/control samples. An optimum random forest based method has been applied
to publicly available genotype data on Crohn's disease for association study and
achieved a promising result.

Conclusions
131. The Meeting recognized that good nutrition is fundamental for childrens current and
future health, as well as their development and learning. The benefits of developing healthy
dietary and lifestyle patterns from an early age onwards can positively impact on peoples
nutrition and health throughout their adult lives, and enhance the productivity of individuals
and nations. Nutrition education is an important element in an overall strategy aimed at
improving food security and preventing all forms of malnutrition. Schools (from pre-school to
secondary) are ideal settings for promoting lifelong healthy eating habits and lifestyles.
132. Most countries in the region implement school health and nutrition programmes,
including school feeding, deworming, vitamin and mineral supplementation, etc. Innovative,
creative and effective school nutrition education programmes exist in some countries in the
region. However, these are often small-scale and implemented as pilot projects, focus on
children with special needs and prioritize the transfer of knowledge over the promotion of
active learning and the creation of appropriate attitudes, life skills and behaviors. Generally,
nutrition education is not systematically integrated into school curricula in the region.
Recommendations for country action
133. In order to build a comprehensive and sustainable school nutrition programme that
addresses all forms of malnutrition, the Meeting recommended that countries:
1. Consolidate and strengthen ongoing school based nutrition programmes, aiming at
improved nutritional status and learning of school children and creating an appropriate
learning environment through nutrition education, school gardening and school meals,
nutritional assessment, clean water and sanitation, as well a physical activity
education.
2. Apply a multi-disciplinary and multi-stakeholder holistic approach to support effective
school based nutrition programmes and policies at national and local levels.
3. Promote the active involvement of parents, communities and local government in the
development and implementation of school nutrition programmes.
4. Advocate for the integration of nutrition education into the school curriculum for all
age groups.
5. Promote the integration of nutrition training into the course curriculum of teachers
training institutes.
6. Review existing teaching/learning materials on school nutrition education and promote
the adaptation of available, or the development of new materials in line with local
needs and conditions.
7. Promote the establishment of school gardens as an integral part of school nutrition
programmes.
8. Explore opportunities for appropriate public private partnerships to support health and
nutrition education and improvements in the school environment.

9. Explore funding opportunities among bilateral, multi-lateral donors and NGOs.

10. Encourage countries to work towards making all schools nutrition-friendly with
adequate political commitment and funding.
11. Ensure that nutrition education in schools always applies the tri-partite curriculum
approach (i.e. link nutrition education in the classroom with learning in the school
environment, home and community).
12. Nutrition education should always employ a wide range of hands-on teaching/learning
methods.