Lab. Exp.

12: Hydraulic Jump

Group Members
Cairel, Kristine
Co, Jasper
Hernandez, Jan Adrian
Lee, Adrian Christian

Date Perf.: 9/10/15

Rating:

Magdaraog, Klein
Sequitin, Camille Andrea
Yap, Michael Adrian

Objective
To calculate the difference between the theoretical discharge (using the formula) and the
actual discharge
To state the importance of a hydraulic jump

Materials/Equipment
a) Tilting Flume
b) Water Container
c) Graduated Cylinder
d) Ruler
e) Flowing Tap Water
f) Timer
Theory

Sketch

Sequence of Operations
1. Determine the dimensions of the apparatus.
2. Supply a constant flow of water in a tilting flume.
3. Measure the uniform depth of water throughout the channel (d2) and the depth at its lowest point.
(d1)

4. Determine the actual discharge by collecting a volume of water in a recorded time.

5. Using the obtained data (d1 and d2), calculate for the theoretical discharge using the formula.
6. Compare the actual and theoretical discharges. Calculate for the % error.

Computation
d 1+d 2+d 3
3

Dave1 =

1.08+1.30+ 1.23
3

= 1.20 cm

d 1+d 2+d 3
3

Dave2 =

1.92+1.94 +1.86
3

= 1.91 cm

q2
g

q=

D ave1 D ave 2 ( D ave 1 + D ave 2 )

2

(0.0120)(0.0191)(.0120+ 0.0191)(9.81)
2

q = 5.89x10-3 m2/s
QT = qb
= (5.89x10-3)(0.0538)
QT = 3.1688x10-4 m3/s

QA =

VOL.
TIME

QA =

4.63 x 103
10.26

QA =

4.510 x 10

AT
T
%diff =

m3/s

x 100%

4.510 x 104 3.1688 x 104

%diff = |
| X 100
3.1688 x 104
%diff = 42.33

Data Gathered

Tabulation of Data
Group
Qactual
1
0.4510
2
0.06735
3
0.1036
4
0.08316
5
0.1082

Qtheoretical
0.31688
0.1454
0.02762
0.1220
0.1191

% Discrepancy
42.33

53.68
73.34
31.84
9.152

Remarks, Hints & Precautions:

1. Human errors are inevitable in performing an experiment, especially during
measurements. In this activity, the person reading the measurements may have read the
values incorrectly and hence can cause an error within our collected results. To aid and
minimize these errors, we assigned two people to read measured values so that one person
could not misread a value.
2. In recording the height of the water in the flow, there is a difficulty in measuring its true
value due to surface tension and turbulent flow of water. Therefore, all measurements
taken were under the interpretation of the person assigned reading it.
3. Due to the insufficient capacity of the instrument to produce a visible hydraulic jump, the
group provide considerable ways in order to perform such.
4. Coordination between the person who collects the water that flows out and the person
assigned to measure the duration of the collection must exist.

5. Make sure to measure the volume of water collected accurately and avoid spillage while
measuring to produce accurate results.
6. In performing calculations, double checking is desirable in order to avoid miscalculations
and typographical errors.
Conclusion
The hydraulic jump is a phenomenon present in our daily lives. It can be observed in
sinks, tubs, lakes, rivers, dams as well as many other places and is suitable for reversing the flow
of water which is used for purifying water and chemical mixing, increasing the water level in
canals which is beneficial for irrigations and a lot more. In this experiment, we were able to
observe hydraulic jump in an open channel. By determining the measurement of the height of
water in the supercritical flow area and the subcritical flow area and also the discharge in given
time, we can compute for the theoretical discharge which is 3.1688x10 -4 m3/s with an actual
discharge of 4.510x10-4 m3/s which lead on to a discrepancy of 42.33%.